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Contract Name:
TransparentUpgradeableProxy

Contract Source Code:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import { IMessageLibManager } from "./IMessageLibManager.sol";
import { IMessagingComposer } from "./IMessagingComposer.sol";
import { IMessagingChannel } from "./IMessagingChannel.sol";
import { IMessagingContext } from "./IMessagingContext.sol";

struct MessagingParams {
    uint32 dstEid;
    bytes32 receiver;
    bytes message;
    bytes options;
    bool payInLzToken;
}

struct MessagingReceipt {
    bytes32 guid;
    uint64 nonce;
    MessagingFee fee;
}

struct MessagingFee {
    uint256 nativeFee;
    uint256 lzTokenFee;
}

struct Origin {
    uint32 srcEid;
    bytes32 sender;
    uint64 nonce;
}

enum ExecutionState {
    NotExecutable,
    Executable,
    Executed
}

interface ILayerZeroEndpointV2 is IMessageLibManager, IMessagingComposer, IMessagingChannel, IMessagingContext {
    event PacketSent(bytes encodedPayload, bytes options, address sendLibrary);

    event PacketVerified(Origin origin, address receiver, bytes32 payloadHash);

    event PacketDelivered(Origin origin, address receiver);

    event LzReceiveAlert(
        address indexed receiver,
        address indexed executor,
        Origin origin,
        bytes32 guid,
        uint256 gas,
        uint256 value,
        bytes message,
        bytes extraData,
        bytes reason
    );

    event LzTokenSet(address token);

    function quote(MessagingParams calldata _params, address _sender) external view returns (MessagingFee memory);

    function send(
        MessagingParams calldata _params,
        address _refundAddress
    ) external payable returns (MessagingReceipt memory);

    function verify(Origin calldata _origin, address _receiver, bytes32 _payloadHash) external;

    function verifiable(
        Origin calldata _origin,
        address _receiver,
        address _receiveLib,
        bytes32 _payloadHash
    ) external view returns (bool);

    function executable(Origin calldata _origin, address _receiver) external view returns (ExecutionState);

    function lzReceive(
        Origin calldata _origin,
        address _receiver,
        bytes32 _guid,
        bytes calldata _message,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable;

    // oapp can burn messages partially by calling this function with its own business logic if messages are verified in order
    function clear(address _oapp, Origin calldata _origin, bytes32 _guid, bytes calldata _message) external;

    function setLzToken(address _lzToken) external;

    function lzToken() external view returns (address);

    function nativeToken() external view returns (address);

    function setDelegate(address _delegate) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

struct SetConfigParam {
    uint32 eid;
    uint32 configType;
    bytes config;
}

interface IMessageLibManager {
    struct Timeout {
        address lib;
        uint256 expiry;
    }

    event LibraryRegistered(address newLib);
    event DefaultSendLibrarySet(uint32 eid, address newLib);
    event DefaultReceiveLibrarySet(uint32 eid, address oldLib, address newLib);
    event DefaultReceiveLibraryTimeoutSet(uint32 eid, address oldLib, uint256 expiry);
    event SendLibrarySet(address sender, uint32 eid, address newLib);
    event ReceiveLibrarySet(address receiver, uint32 eid, address oldLib, address newLib);
    event ReceiveLibraryTimeoutSet(address receiver, uint32 eid, address oldLib, uint256 timeout);

    function registerLibrary(address _lib) external;

    function isRegisteredLibrary(address _lib) external view returns (bool);

    function getRegisteredLibraries() external view returns (address[] memory);

    function setDefaultSendLibrary(uint32 _eid, address _newLib) external;

    function defaultSendLibrary(uint32 _eid) external view returns (address);

    function setDefaultReceiveLibrary(uint32 _eid, address _newLib, uint256 _timeout) external;

    function defaultReceiveLibrary(uint32 _eid) external view returns (address);

    function setDefaultReceiveLibraryTimeout(uint32 _eid, address _lib, uint256 _expiry) external;

    function defaultReceiveLibraryTimeout(uint32 _eid) external view returns (address lib, uint256 expiry);

    function isSupportedEid(uint32 _eid) external view returns (bool);

    /// ------------------- OApp interfaces -------------------
    function setSendLibrary(address _oapp, uint32 _eid, address _newLib) external;

    function getSendLibrary(address _sender, uint32 _eid) external view returns (address lib);

    function isDefaultSendLibrary(address _sender, uint32 _eid) external view returns (bool);

    function setReceiveLibrary(address _oapp, uint32 _eid, address _newLib, uint256 _gracePeriod) external;

    function getReceiveLibrary(address _receiver, uint32 _eid) external view returns (address lib, bool isDefault);

    function setReceiveLibraryTimeout(address _oapp, uint32 _eid, address _lib, uint256 _gracePeriod) external;

    function receiveLibraryTimeout(address _receiver, uint32 _eid) external view returns (address lib, uint256 expiry);

    function setConfig(address _oapp, address _lib, SetConfigParam[] calldata _params) external;

    function getConfig(
        address _oapp,
        address _lib,
        uint32 _eid,
        uint32 _configType
    ) external view returns (bytes memory config);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IMessagingChannel {
    event InboundNonceSkipped(uint32 srcEid, bytes32 sender, address receiver, uint64 nonce);
    event PacketNilified(uint32 srcEid, bytes32 sender, address receiver, uint64 nonce, bytes32 payloadHash);
    event PacketBurnt(uint32 srcEid, bytes32 sender, address receiver, uint64 nonce, bytes32 payloadHash);

    function eid() external view returns (uint32);

    // this is an emergency function if a message cannot be verified for some reasons
    // required to provide _nextNonce to avoid race condition
    function skip(address _oapp, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender, uint64 _nonce) external;

    function nilify(address _oapp, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender, uint64 _nonce, bytes32 _payloadHash) external;

    function burn(address _oapp, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender, uint64 _nonce, bytes32 _payloadHash) external;

    function nextGuid(address _sender, uint32 _dstEid, bytes32 _receiver) external view returns (bytes32);

    function inboundNonce(address _receiver, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender) external view returns (uint64);

    function outboundNonce(address _sender, uint32 _dstEid, bytes32 _receiver) external view returns (uint64);

    function inboundPayloadHash(
        address _receiver,
        uint32 _srcEid,
        bytes32 _sender,
        uint64 _nonce
    ) external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IMessagingComposer {
    event ComposeSent(address from, address to, bytes32 guid, uint16 index, bytes message);
    event ComposeDelivered(address from, address to, bytes32 guid, uint16 index);
    event LzComposeAlert(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        address indexed executor,
        bytes32 guid,
        uint16 index,
        uint256 gas,
        uint256 value,
        bytes message,
        bytes extraData,
        bytes reason
    );

    function composeQueue(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        bytes32 _guid,
        uint16 _index
    ) external view returns (bytes32 messageHash);

    function sendCompose(address _to, bytes32 _guid, uint16 _index, bytes calldata _message) external;

    function lzCompose(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        bytes32 _guid,
        uint16 _index,
        bytes calldata _message,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IMessagingContext {
    function isSendingMessage() external view returns (bool);

    function getSendContext() external view returns (uint32 dstEid, address sender);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

import "./ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig.sol";

interface ILayerZeroEndpoint is ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig {
    // @notice send a LayerZero message to the specified address at a LayerZero endpoint.
    // @param _dstChainId - the destination chain identifier
    // @param _destination - the address on destination chain (in bytes). address length/format may vary by chains
    // @param _payload - a custom bytes payload to send to the destination contract
    // @param _refundAddress - if the source transaction is cheaper than the amount of value passed, refund the additional amount to this address
    // @param _zroPaymentAddress - the address of the ZRO token holder who would pay for the transaction
    // @param _adapterParams - parameters for custom functionality. e.g. receive airdropped native gas from the relayer on destination
    function send(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        bytes calldata _destination,
        bytes calldata _payload,
        address payable _refundAddress,
        address _zroPaymentAddress,
        bytes calldata _adapterParams
    ) external payable;

    // @notice used by the messaging library to publish verified payload
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source contract (as bytes) at the source chain
    // @param _dstAddress - the address on destination chain
    // @param _nonce - the unbound message ordering nonce
    // @param _gasLimit - the gas limit for external contract execution
    // @param _payload - verified payload to send to the destination contract
    function receivePayload(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        bytes calldata _srcAddress,
        address _dstAddress,
        uint64 _nonce,
        uint _gasLimit,
        bytes calldata _payload
    ) external;

    // @notice get the inboundNonce of a receiver from a source chain which could be EVM or non-EVM chain
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function getInboundNonce(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external view returns (uint64);

    // @notice get the outboundNonce from this source chain which, consequently, is always an EVM
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function getOutboundNonce(uint16 _dstChainId, address _srcAddress) external view returns (uint64);

    // @notice gets a quote in source native gas, for the amount that send() requires to pay for message delivery
    // @param _dstChainId - the destination chain identifier
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    // @param _payload - the custom message to send over LayerZero
    // @param _payInZRO - if false, user app pays the protocol fee in native token
    // @param _adapterParam - parameters for the adapter service, e.g. send some dust native token to dstChain
    function estimateFees(
        uint16 _dstChainId,
        address _userApplication,
        bytes calldata _payload,
        bool _payInZRO,
        bytes calldata _adapterParam
    ) external view returns (uint nativeFee, uint zroFee);

    // @notice get this Endpoint's immutable source identifier
    function getChainId() external view returns (uint16);

    // @notice the interface to retry failed message on this Endpoint destination
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    // @param _payload - the payload to be retried
    function retryPayload(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress, bytes calldata _payload) external;

    // @notice query if any STORED payload (message blocking) at the endpoint.
    // @param _srcChainId - the source chain identifier
    // @param _srcAddress - the source chain contract address
    function hasStoredPayload(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external view returns (bool);

    // @notice query if the _libraryAddress is valid for sending msgs.
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    function getSendLibraryAddress(address _userApplication) external view returns (address);

    // @notice query if the _libraryAddress is valid for receiving msgs.
    // @param _userApplication - the user app address on this EVM chain
    function getReceiveLibraryAddress(address _userApplication) external view returns (address);

    // @notice query if the non-reentrancy guard for send() is on
    // @return true if the guard is on. false otherwise
    function isSendingPayload() external view returns (bool);

    // @notice query if the non-reentrancy guard for receive() is on
    // @return true if the guard is on. false otherwise
    function isReceivingPayload() external view returns (bool);

    // @notice get the configuration of the LayerZero messaging library of the specified version
    // @param _version - messaging library version
    // @param _chainId - the chainId for the pending config change
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    // @param _configType - type of configuration. every messaging library has its own convention.
    function getConfig(
        uint16 _version,
        uint16 _chainId,
        address _userApplication,
        uint _configType
    ) external view returns (bytes memory);

    // @notice get the send() LayerZero messaging library version
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    function getSendVersion(address _userApplication) external view returns (uint16);

    // @notice get the lzReceive() LayerZero messaging library version
    // @param _userApplication - the contract address of the user application
    function getReceiveVersion(address _userApplication) external view returns (uint16);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

interface ILayerZeroUserApplicationConfig {
    // @notice set the configuration of the LayerZero messaging library of the specified version
    // @param _version - messaging library version
    // @param _chainId - the chainId for the pending config change
    // @param _configType - type of configuration. every messaging library has its own convention.
    // @param _config - configuration in the bytes. can encode arbitrary content.
    function setConfig(uint16 _version, uint16 _chainId, uint _configType, bytes calldata _config) external;

    // @notice set the send() LayerZero messaging library version to _version
    // @param _version - new messaging library version
    function setSendVersion(uint16 _version) external;

    // @notice set the lzReceive() LayerZero messaging library version to _version
    // @param _version - new messaging library version
    function setReceiveVersion(uint16 _version) external;

    // @notice Only when the UA needs to resume the message flow in blocking mode and clear the stored payload
    // @param _srcChainId - the chainId of the source chain
    // @param _srcAddress - the contract address of the source contract at the source chain
    function forceResumeReceive(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes calldata _srcAddress) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC1271.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC1271 standard signature validation method for
 * contracts as defined in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271[ERC-1271].
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC1271Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
     * @param hash      Hash of the data to be signed
     * @param signature Signature byte array associated with _data
     */
    function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) external view returns (bytes4 magicValue);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/introspection/IERC165Upgradeable.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC4906.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import "./IERC721Upgradeable.sol";

/// @title EIP-721 Metadata Update Extension
interface IERC4906Upgradeable is IERC165Upgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable {
    /// @dev This event emits when the metadata of a token is changed.
    /// So that the third-party platforms such as NFT market could
    /// timely update the images and related attributes of the NFT.
    event MetadataUpdate(uint256 _tokenId);

    /// @dev This event emits when the metadata of a range of tokens is changed.
    /// So that the third-party platforms such as NFT market could
    /// timely update the images and related attributes of the NFTs.
    event BatchMetadataUpdate(uint256 _fromTokenId, uint256 _toTokenId);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../token/ERC721/IERC721Upgradeable.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20MetadataUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20Upgradeable, IERC20MetadataUpgradeable {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[45] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20MetadataUpgradeable is IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC721Upgradeable.sol";
import "./IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC721MetadataUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/StringsUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/introspection/ERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, ERC165Upgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable, IERC721MetadataUpgradeable {
    using AddressUpgradeable for address;
    using StringsUpgradeable for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    function __ERC721_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC721_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC721_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165Upgradeable, IERC165Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Upgradeable).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721MetadataUpgradeable).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not token owner or approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
     */
    function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owners[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _ownerOf(tokenId) != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not minted by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        unchecked {
            // Will not overflow unless all 2**256 token ids are minted to the same owner.
            // Given that tokens are minted one by one, it is impossible in practice that
            // this ever happens. Might change if we allow batch minting.
            // The ERC fails to describe this case.
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     * This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Update ownership in case tokenId was transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        owner = ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // Cannot overflow, as that would require more tokens to be burned/transferred
            // out than the owner initially received through minting and transferring in.
            _balances[owner] -= 1;
        }
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // `_balances[from]` cannot overflow for the same reason as described in `_burn`:
            // `from`'s balance is the number of token held, which is at least one before the current
            // transfer.
            // `_balances[to]` could overflow in the conditions described in `_mint`. That would require
            // all 2**256 token ids to be minted, which in practice is impossible.
            _balances[from] -= 1;
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721Upgradeable.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(address owner, address operator, bool approved) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` has not been minted yet.
     */
    function _requireMinted(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens will be transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 firstTokenId, uint256 batchSize) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens were transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens were minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens were burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 firstTokenId, uint256 batchSize) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Unsafe write access to the balances, used by extensions that "mint" tokens using an {ownerOf} override.
     *
     * WARNING: Anyone calling this MUST ensure that the balances remain consistent with the ownership. The invariant
     * being that for any address `a` the value returned by `balanceOf(a)` must be equal to the number of tokens such
     * that `ownerOf(tokenId)` is `a`.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __unsafe_increaseBalance(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        _balances[account] += amount;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[44] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721Upgradeable.sol";
import "./IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This implements an optional extension of {ERC721} defined in the EIP that adds
 * enumerability of all the token ids in the contract as well as all token ids owned by each
 * account.
 */
abstract contract ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC721Upgradeable, IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable {
    function __ERC721Enumerable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC721Enumerable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
    uint256[] private _allTokens;

    // Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165Upgradeable, ERC721Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(owner), "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
        return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allTokens.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return _allTokens[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {ERC721-_beforeTokenTransfer}.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, firstTokenId, batchSize);

        if (batchSize > 1) {
            // Will only trigger during construction. Batch transferring (minting) is not available afterwards.
            revert("ERC721Enumerable: consecutive transfers not supported");
        }

        uint256 tokenId = firstTokenId;

        if (from == address(0)) {
            _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        uint256 length = ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(to);
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
     */
    function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        _allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
        _allTokens.push(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(from) - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
        // rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
        // an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
        uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];

        _allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
        _allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
        _allTokens.pop();
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[46] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../../interfaces/IERC4906Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev ERC721 token with storage based token URI management.
 */
abstract contract ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC4906Upgradeable, ERC721Upgradeable {
    function __ERC721URIStorage_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC721URIStorage_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    using StringsUpgradeable for uint256;

    // Optional mapping for token URIs
    mapping(uint256 => string) private _tokenURIs;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC721Upgradeable, IERC165Upgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == bytes4(0x49064906) || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory _tokenURI = _tokenURIs[tokenId];
        string memory base = _baseURI();

        // If there is no base URI, return the token URI.
        if (bytes(base).length == 0) {
            return _tokenURI;
        }
        // If both are set, concatenate the baseURI and tokenURI (via abi.encodePacked).
        if (bytes(_tokenURI).length > 0) {
            return string(abi.encodePacked(base, _tokenURI));
        }

        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `_tokenURI` as the tokenURI of `tokenId`.
     *
     * Emits {MetadataUpdate}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _setTokenURI(uint256 tokenId, string memory _tokenURI) internal virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721URIStorage: URI set of nonexistent token");
        _tokenURIs[tokenId] = _tokenURI;

        emit MetadataUpdate(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {ERC721-_burn}. This override additionally checks to see if a
     * token-specific URI was set for the token, and if so, it deletes the token URI from
     * the storage mapping.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual override {
        super._burn(tokenId);

        if (bytes(_tokenURIs[tokenId]).length != 0) {
            delete _tokenURIs[tokenId];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721EnumerableUpgradeable is IERC721Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721MetadataUpgradeable is IERC721Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721Upgradeable is IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Checkpoints.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/Checkpoints.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/MathUpgradeable.sol";
import "./math/SafeCastUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This library defines the `History` struct, for checkpointing values as they change at different points in
 * time, and later looking up past values by block number. See {Votes} as an example.
 *
 * To create a history of checkpoints define a variable type `Checkpoints.History` in your contract, and store a new
 * checkpoint for the current transaction block using the {push} function.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
library CheckpointsUpgradeable {
    struct History {
        Checkpoint[] _checkpoints;
    }

    struct Checkpoint {
        uint32 _blockNumber;
        uint224 _value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value at a given block number. If a checkpoint is not available at that block, the closest one
     * before it is returned, or zero otherwise. Because the number returned corresponds to that at the end of the
     * block, the requested block number must be in the past, excluding the current block.
     */
    function getAtBlock(History storage self, uint256 blockNumber) internal view returns (uint256) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "Checkpoints: block not yet mined");
        uint32 key = SafeCastUpgradeable.toUint32(blockNumber);

        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value at a given block number. If a checkpoint is not available at that block, the closest one
     * before it is returned, or zero otherwise. Similar to {upperLookup} but optimized for the case when the searched
     * checkpoint is probably "recent", defined as being among the last sqrt(N) checkpoints where N is the number of
     * checkpoints.
     */
    function getAtProbablyRecentBlock(History storage self, uint256 blockNumber) internal view returns (uint256) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "Checkpoints: block not yet mined");
        uint32 key = SafeCastUpgradeable.toUint32(blockNumber);

        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;

        uint256 low = 0;
        uint256 high = len;

        if (len > 5) {
            uint256 mid = len - MathUpgradeable.sqrt(len);
            if (key < _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, mid)._blockNumber) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }

        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, low, high);

        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a value onto a History so that it is stored as the checkpoint for the current block.
     *
     * Returns previous value and new value.
     */
    function push(History storage self, uint256 value) internal returns (uint256, uint256) {
        return _insert(self._checkpoints, SafeCastUpgradeable.toUint32(block.number), SafeCastUpgradeable.toUint224(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a value onto a History, by updating the latest value using binary operation `op`. The new value will
     * be set to `op(latest, delta)`.
     *
     * Returns previous value and new value.
     */
    function push(
        History storage self,
        function(uint256, uint256) view returns (uint256) op,
        uint256 delta
    ) internal returns (uint256, uint256) {
        return push(self, op(latest(self), delta));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the most recent checkpoint, or zero if there are no checkpoints.
     */
    function latest(History storage self) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether there is a checkpoint in the structure (i.e. it is not empty), and if so the key and value
     * in the most recent checkpoint.
     */
    function latestCheckpoint(
        History storage self
    ) internal view returns (bool exists, uint32 _blockNumber, uint224 _value) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        if (pos == 0) {
            return (false, 0, 0);
        } else {
            Checkpoint memory ckpt = _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1);
            return (true, ckpt._blockNumber, ckpt._value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of checkpoint.
     */
    function length(History storage self) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return self._checkpoints.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into an ordered list of checkpoints, either by inserting a new checkpoint,
     * or by updating the last one.
     */
    function _insert(Checkpoint[] storage self, uint32 key, uint224 value) private returns (uint224, uint224) {
        uint256 pos = self.length;

        if (pos > 0) {
            // Copying to memory is important here.
            Checkpoint memory last = _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1);

            // Checkpoint keys must be non-decreasing.
            require(last._blockNumber <= key, "Checkpoint: decreasing keys");

            // Update or push new checkpoint
            if (last._blockNumber == key) {
                _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1)._value = value;
            } else {
                self.push(Checkpoint({_blockNumber: key, _value: value}));
            }
            return (last._value, value);
        } else {
            self.push(Checkpoint({_blockNumber: key, _value: value}));
            return (0, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the last (most recent) checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _upperBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._blockNumber > key) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the first (oldest) checkpoint with key is greater or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _lowerBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._blockNumber < key) {
                low = mid + 1;
            } else {
                high = mid;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Access an element of the array without performing bounds check. The position is assumed to be within bounds.
     */
    function _unsafeAccess(Checkpoint[] storage self, uint256 pos) private pure returns (Checkpoint storage result) {
        assembly {
            mstore(0, self.slot)
            result.slot := add(keccak256(0, 0x20), pos)
        }
    }

    struct Trace224 {
        Checkpoint224[] _checkpoints;
    }

    struct Checkpoint224 {
        uint32 _key;
        uint224 _value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into a Trace224 so that it is stored as the checkpoint.
     *
     * Returns previous value and new value.
     */
    function push(Trace224 storage self, uint32 key, uint224 value) internal returns (uint224, uint224) {
        return _insert(self._checkpoints, key, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the first (oldest) checkpoint with key greater or equal than the search key, or zero if there is none.
     */
    function lowerLookup(Trace224 storage self, uint32 key) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _lowerBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == len ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the last (most recent) checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key, or zero if there is none.
     */
    function upperLookup(Trace224 storage self, uint32 key) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the last (most recent) checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key, or zero if there is none.
     *
     * NOTE: This is a variant of {upperLookup} that is optimised to find "recent" checkpoint (checkpoints with high keys).
     */
    function upperLookupRecent(Trace224 storage self, uint32 key) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;

        uint256 low = 0;
        uint256 high = len;

        if (len > 5) {
            uint256 mid = len - MathUpgradeable.sqrt(len);
            if (key < _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, mid)._key) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }

        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, low, high);

        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the most recent checkpoint, or zero if there are no checkpoints.
     */
    function latest(Trace224 storage self) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether there is a checkpoint in the structure (i.e. it is not empty), and if so the key and value
     * in the most recent checkpoint.
     */
    function latestCheckpoint(Trace224 storage self) internal view returns (bool exists, uint32 _key, uint224 _value) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        if (pos == 0) {
            return (false, 0, 0);
        } else {
            Checkpoint224 memory ckpt = _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1);
            return (true, ckpt._key, ckpt._value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of checkpoint.
     */
    function length(Trace224 storage self) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return self._checkpoints.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into an ordered list of checkpoints, either by inserting a new checkpoint,
     * or by updating the last one.
     */
    function _insert(Checkpoint224[] storage self, uint32 key, uint224 value) private returns (uint224, uint224) {
        uint256 pos = self.length;

        if (pos > 0) {
            // Copying to memory is important here.
            Checkpoint224 memory last = _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1);

            // Checkpoint keys must be non-decreasing.
            require(last._key <= key, "Checkpoint: decreasing keys");

            // Update or push new checkpoint
            if (last._key == key) {
                _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1)._value = value;
            } else {
                self.push(Checkpoint224({_key: key, _value: value}));
            }
            return (last._value, value);
        } else {
            self.push(Checkpoint224({_key: key, _value: value}));
            return (0, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the last (most recent) checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _upperBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint224[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._key > key) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the first (oldest) checkpoint with key is greater or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _lowerBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint224[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._key < key) {
                low = mid + 1;
            } else {
                high = mid;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Access an element of the array without performing bounds check. The position is assumed to be within bounds.
     */
    function _unsafeAccess(
        Checkpoint224[] storage self,
        uint256 pos
    ) private pure returns (Checkpoint224 storage result) {
        assembly {
            mstore(0, self.slot)
            result.slot := add(keccak256(0, 0x20), pos)
        }
    }

    struct Trace160 {
        Checkpoint160[] _checkpoints;
    }

    struct Checkpoint160 {
        uint96 _key;
        uint160 _value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into a Trace160 so that it is stored as the checkpoint.
     *
     * Returns previous value and new value.
     */
    function push(Trace160 storage self, uint96 key, uint160 value) internal returns (uint160, uint160) {
        return _insert(self._checkpoints, key, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the first (oldest) checkpoint with key greater or equal than the search key, or zero if there is none.
     */
    function lowerLookup(Trace160 storage self, uint96 key) internal view returns (uint160) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _lowerBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == len ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the last (most recent) checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key, or zero if there is none.
     */
    function upperLookup(Trace160 storage self, uint96 key) internal view returns (uint160) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the last (most recent) checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key, or zero if there is none.
     *
     * NOTE: This is a variant of {upperLookup} that is optimised to find "recent" checkpoint (checkpoints with high keys).
     */
    function upperLookupRecent(Trace160 storage self, uint96 key) internal view returns (uint160) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;

        uint256 low = 0;
        uint256 high = len;

        if (len > 5) {
            uint256 mid = len - MathUpgradeable.sqrt(len);
            if (key < _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, mid)._key) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }

        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, low, high);

        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the most recent checkpoint, or zero if there are no checkpoints.
     */
    function latest(Trace160 storage self) internal view returns (uint160) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether there is a checkpoint in the structure (i.e. it is not empty), and if so the key and value
     * in the most recent checkpoint.
     */
    function latestCheckpoint(Trace160 storage self) internal view returns (bool exists, uint96 _key, uint160 _value) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        if (pos == 0) {
            return (false, 0, 0);
        } else {
            Checkpoint160 memory ckpt = _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1);
            return (true, ckpt._key, ckpt._value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of checkpoint.
     */
    function length(Trace160 storage self) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return self._checkpoints.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into an ordered list of checkpoints, either by inserting a new checkpoint,
     * or by updating the last one.
     */
    function _insert(Checkpoint160[] storage self, uint96 key, uint160 value) private returns (uint160, uint160) {
        uint256 pos = self.length;

        if (pos > 0) {
            // Copying to memory is important here.
            Checkpoint160 memory last = _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1);

            // Checkpoint keys must be non-decreasing.
            require(last._key <= key, "Checkpoint: decreasing keys");

            // Update or push new checkpoint
            if (last._key == key) {
                _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1)._value = value;
            } else {
                self.push(Checkpoint160({_key: key, _value: value}));
            }
            return (last._value, value);
        } else {
            self.push(Checkpoint160({_key: key, _value: value}));
            return (0, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the last (most recent) checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _upperBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint160[] storage self,
        uint96 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._key > key) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the first (oldest) checkpoint with key is greater or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _lowerBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint160[] storage self,
        uint96 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._key < key) {
                low = mid + 1;
            } else {
                high = mid;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Access an element of the array without performing bounds check. The position is assumed to be within bounds.
     */
    function _unsafeAccess(
        Checkpoint160[] storage self,
        uint256 pos
    ) private pure returns (Checkpoint160 storage result) {
        assembly {
            mstore(0, self.slot)
            result.slot := add(keccak256(0, 0x20), pos)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../StringsUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSAUpgradeable {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV // Deprecated in v4.8
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32 message) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32")
            mstore(0x1c, hash)
            message := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", StringsUpgradeable.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 data) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, "\x19\x01")
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
            data := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Data with intended validator, created from a
     * `validator` and `data` according to the version 0 of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x00", validator, data));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/SignatureChecker.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ECDSAUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../interfaces/IERC1271Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Signature verification helper that can be used instead of `ECDSA.recover` to seamlessly support both ECDSA
 * signatures from externally owned accounts (EOAs) as well as ERC1271 signatures from smart contract wallets like
 * Argent and Gnosis Safe.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
library SignatureCheckerUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Checks if a signature is valid for a given signer and data hash. If the signer is a smart contract, the
     * signature is validated against that smart contract using ERC1271, otherwise it's validated using `ECDSA.recover`.
     *
     * NOTE: Unlike ECDSA signatures, contract signatures are revocable, and the outcome of this function can thus
     * change through time. It could return true at block N and false at block N+1 (or the opposite).
     */
    function isValidSignatureNow(address signer, bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal view returns (bool) {
        (address recovered, ECDSAUpgradeable.RecoverError error) = ECDSAUpgradeable.tryRecover(hash, signature);
        return
            (error == ECDSAUpgradeable.RecoverError.NoError && recovered == signer) ||
            isValidERC1271SignatureNow(signer, hash, signature);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks if a signature is valid for a given signer and data hash. The signature is validated
     * against the signer smart contract using ERC1271.
     *
     * NOTE: Unlike ECDSA signatures, contract signatures are revocable, and the outcome of this function can thus
     * change through time. It could return true at block N and false at block N+1 (or the opposite).
     */
    function isValidERC1271SignatureNow(
        address signer,
        bytes32 hash,
        bytes memory signature
    ) internal view returns (bool) {
        (bool success, bytes memory result) = signer.staticcall(
            abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC1271Upgradeable.isValidSignature.selector, hash, signature)
        );
        return (success &&
            result.length >= 32 &&
            abi.decode(result, (bytes32)) == bytes32(IERC1271Upgradeable.isValidSignature.selector));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC165Upgradeable {
    function __ERC165_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC165_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165Upgradeable).interfaceId;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library MathUpgradeable {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 *
 * Can be combined with {SafeMath} and {SignedSafeMath} to extend it to smaller types, by performing
 * all math on `uint256` and `int256` and then downcasting.
 */
library SafeCastUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        require(value <= type(uint248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
        return uint248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        require(value <= type(uint240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
        return uint240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        require(value <= type(uint232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
        return uint232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        require(value <= type(uint224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
        return uint224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        require(value <= type(uint216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
        return uint216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        require(value <= type(uint208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
        return uint208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        require(value <= type(uint200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
        return uint200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        require(value <= type(uint192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
        return uint192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        require(value <= type(uint184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
        return uint184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        require(value <= type(uint176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
        return uint176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        require(value <= type(uint168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
        return uint168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        require(value <= type(uint160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
        return uint160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        require(value <= type(uint152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
        return uint152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        require(value <= type(uint144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
        return uint144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        require(value <= type(uint136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
        return uint136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(value <= type(uint128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        require(value <= type(uint120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
        return uint120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        require(value <= type(uint112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
        return uint112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        require(value <= type(uint104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
        return uint104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(value <= type(uint96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
        return uint96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        require(value <= type(uint88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
        return uint88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        require(value <= type(uint80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
        return uint80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        require(value <= type(uint72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
        return uint72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(value <= type(uint64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        require(value <= type(uint56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
        return uint56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        require(value <= type(uint48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
        return uint48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        require(value <= type(uint40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(value <= type(uint32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        require(value <= type(uint24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
        return uint24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(value <= type(uint16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(value <= type(uint8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(value >= 0, "SafeCast: value must be positive");
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int248(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int240(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int232(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int224(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int216(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int208(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int200(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int192(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int184(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int176(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int168(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int160(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int152(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int144(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int136(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int128(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int120(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int112(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int104(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int96(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int88(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int80(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int72(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int64(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int56(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int48(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int40(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int32(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int24(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int16(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int8(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        require(value <= uint256(type(int256).max), "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in an int256");
        return int256(value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMathUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/MathUpgradeable.sol";
import "./math/SignedMathUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library StringsUpgradeable {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = MathUpgradeable.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMathUpgradeable.abs(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, MathUpgradeable.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IAccessControl.sol";
import "../utils/Context.sol";
import "../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
 * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
 * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
 * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it. We recommend using {AccessControlDefaultAdminRules}
 * to enforce additional security measures for this role.
 */
abstract contract AccessControl is Context, IAccessControl, ERC165 {
    struct RoleData {
        mapping(address => bool) members;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
     * with a standardized message including the required role.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
        _checkRole(role);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].members[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `_msgSender()` is missing `role`.
     * Overriding this function changes the behavior of the {onlyRole} modifier.
     *
     * Format of the revert message is described in {_checkRole}.
     *
     * _Available since v4.6._
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role) internal view virtual {
        _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `account` is missing `role`.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "AccessControl: account ",
                        Strings.toHexString(account),
                        " is missing role ",
                        Strings.toHexString(uint256(role), 32)
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual override returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override {
        require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
     * checks on the calling account.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
     * up the initial roles for the system.
     *
     * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
     * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
     * ====
     *
     * NOTE: This function is deprecated in favor of {_grantRole}.
     */
    function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = true;
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = false;
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/IAccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControl {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (crosschain/CrossChainEnabled.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "./errors.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information for building cross-chain aware contracts. This
 * abstract contract provides accessors and modifiers to control the execution
 * flow when receiving cross-chain messages.
 *
 * Actual implementations of cross-chain aware contracts, which are based on
 * this abstraction, will  have to inherit from a bridge-specific
 * specialization. Such specializations are provided under
 * `crosschain/<chain>/CrossChainEnabled<chain>.sol`.
 *
 * _Available since v4.6._
 */
abstract contract CrossChainEnabled {
    /**
     * @dev Throws if the current function call is not the result of a
     * cross-chain execution.
     */
    modifier onlyCrossChain() {
        if (!_isCrossChain()) revert NotCrossChainCall();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the current function call is not the result of a
     * cross-chain execution initiated by `account`.
     */
    modifier onlyCrossChainSender(address expected) {
        address actual = _crossChainSender();
        if (expected != actual) revert InvalidCrossChainSender(actual, expected);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the current function call is the result of a
     * cross-chain message.
     */
    function _isCrossChain() internal view virtual returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the sender of the cross-chain message that
     * triggered the current function call.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Should revert with `NotCrossChainCall` if the current function
     * call is not the result of a cross-chain message.
     */
    function _crossChainSender() internal view virtual returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (crosschain/errors.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

error NotCrossChainCall();
error InvalidCrossChainSender(address actual, address expected);

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (crosschain/optimism/CrossChainEnabledOptimism.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "../CrossChainEnabled.sol";
import "./LibOptimism.sol";

/**
 * @dev https://www.optimism.io/[Optimism] specialization or the
 * {CrossChainEnabled} abstraction.
 *
 * The messenger (`CrossDomainMessenger`) contract is provided and maintained by
 * the optimism team. You can find the address of this contract on mainnet and
 * kovan in the https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/develop/packages/contracts/deployments[deployments section of Optimism monorepo].
 *
 * _Available since v4.6._
 */
abstract contract CrossChainEnabledOptimism is CrossChainEnabled {
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable
    address private immutable _messenger;

    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
    constructor(address messenger) {
        _messenger = messenger;
    }

    /**
     * @dev see {CrossChainEnabled-_isCrossChain}
     */
    function _isCrossChain() internal view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return LibOptimism.isCrossChain(_messenger);
    }

    /**
     * @dev see {CrossChainEnabled-_crossChainSender}
     */
    function _crossChainSender() internal view virtual override onlyCrossChain returns (address) {
        return LibOptimism.crossChainSender(_messenger);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (crosschain/optimism/LibOptimism.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import {ICrossDomainMessenger as Optimism_Bridge} from "../../vendor/optimism/ICrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import "../errors.sol";

/**
 * @dev Primitives for cross-chain aware contracts for https://www.optimism.io/[Optimism].
 * See the https://community.optimism.io/docs/developers/bridge/messaging/#accessing-msg-sender[documentation]
 * for the functionality used here.
 */
library LibOptimism {
    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the current function call is the result of a
     * cross-chain message relayed by `messenger`.
     */
    function isCrossChain(address messenger) internal view returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == messenger;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the sender that triggered the current
     * cross-chain message through `messenger`.
     *
     * NOTE: {isCrossChain} should be checked before trying to recover the
     * sender, as it will revert with `NotCrossChainCall` if the current
     * function call is not the result of a cross-chain message.
     */
    function crossChainSender(address messenger) internal view returns (address) {
        if (!isCrossChain(messenger)) revert NotCrossChainCall();

        return Optimism_Bridge(messenger).xDomainMessageSender();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (crosschain/polygon/CrossChainEnabledPolygonChild.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "../CrossChainEnabled.sol";
import "../../security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../vendor/polygon/IFxMessageProcessor.sol";

address constant DEFAULT_SENDER = 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD;

/**
 * @dev https://polygon.technology/[Polygon] specialization or the
 * {CrossChainEnabled} abstraction the child side (polygon/mumbai).
 *
 * This version should only be deployed on child chain to process cross-chain
 * messages originating from the parent chain.
 *
 * The fxChild contract is provided and maintained by the polygon team. You can
 * find the address of this contract polygon and mumbai in
 * https://docs.polygon.technology/docs/develop/l1-l2-communication/fx-portal/#contract-addresses[Polygon's Fx-Portal documentation].
 *
 * _Available since v4.6._
 */
abstract contract CrossChainEnabledPolygonChild is IFxMessageProcessor, CrossChainEnabled, ReentrancyGuard {
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable
    address private immutable _fxChild;
    address private _sender = DEFAULT_SENDER;

    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
    constructor(address fxChild) {
        _fxChild = fxChild;
    }

    /**
     * @dev see {CrossChainEnabled-_isCrossChain}
     */
    function _isCrossChain() internal view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == _fxChild;
    }

    /**
     * @dev see {CrossChainEnabled-_crossChainSender}
     */
    function _crossChainSender() internal view virtual override onlyCrossChain returns (address) {
        return _sender;
    }

    /**
     * @dev External entry point to receive and relay messages originating
     * from the fxChild.
     *
     * Non-reentrancy is crucial to avoid a cross-chain call being able
     * to impersonate anyone by just looping through this with user-defined
     * arguments.
     *
     * Note: if _fxChild calls any other function that does a delegate-call,
     * then security could be compromised.
     */
    function processMessageFromRoot(
        uint256 /* stateId */,
        address rootMessageSender,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external override nonReentrant {
        if (!_isCrossChain()) revert NotCrossChainCall();

        _sender = rootMessageSender;
        Address.functionDelegateCall(address(this), data, "cross-chain execution failed");
        _sender = DEFAULT_SENDER;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (governance/TimelockController.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../access/AccessControl.sol";
import "../token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "../token/ERC1155/IERC1155Receiver.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which acts as a timelocked controller. When set as the
 * owner of an `Ownable` smart contract, it enforces a timelock on all
 * `onlyOwner` maintenance operations. This gives time for users of the
 * controlled contract to exit before a potentially dangerous maintenance
 * operation is applied.
 *
 * By default, this contract is self administered, meaning administration tasks
 * have to go through the timelock process. The proposer (resp executor) role
 * is in charge of proposing (resp executing) operations. A common use case is
 * to position this {TimelockController} as the owner of a smart contract, with
 * a multisig or a DAO as the sole proposer.
 *
 * _Available since v3.3._
 */
contract TimelockController is AccessControl, IERC721Receiver, IERC1155Receiver {
    bytes32 public constant TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE = keccak256("TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE");
    bytes32 public constant PROPOSER_ROLE = keccak256("PROPOSER_ROLE");
    bytes32 public constant EXECUTOR_ROLE = keccak256("EXECUTOR_ROLE");
    bytes32 public constant CANCELLER_ROLE = keccak256("CANCELLER_ROLE");
    uint256 internal constant _DONE_TIMESTAMP = uint256(1);

    mapping(bytes32 => uint256) private _timestamps;
    uint256 private _minDelay;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when a call is scheduled as part of operation `id`.
     */
    event CallScheduled(
        bytes32 indexed id,
        uint256 indexed index,
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes data,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        uint256 delay
    );

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when a call is performed as part of operation `id`.
     */
    event CallExecuted(bytes32 indexed id, uint256 indexed index, address target, uint256 value, bytes data);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when new proposal is scheduled with non-zero salt.
     */
    event CallSalt(bytes32 indexed id, bytes32 salt);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when operation `id` is cancelled.
     */
    event Cancelled(bytes32 indexed id);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the minimum delay for future operations is modified.
     */
    event MinDelayChange(uint256 oldDuration, uint256 newDuration);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract with the following parameters:
     *
     * - `minDelay`: initial minimum delay for operations
     * - `proposers`: accounts to be granted proposer and canceller roles
     * - `executors`: accounts to be granted executor role
     * - `admin`: optional account to be granted admin role; disable with zero address
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The optional admin can aid with initial configuration of roles after deployment
     * without being subject to delay, but this role should be subsequently renounced in favor of
     * administration through timelocked proposals. Previous versions of this contract would assign
     * this admin to the deployer automatically and should be renounced as well.
     */
    constructor(uint256 minDelay, address[] memory proposers, address[] memory executors, address admin) {
        _setRoleAdmin(TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE, TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE);
        _setRoleAdmin(PROPOSER_ROLE, TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE);
        _setRoleAdmin(EXECUTOR_ROLE, TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE);
        _setRoleAdmin(CANCELLER_ROLE, TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE);

        // self administration
        _setupRole(TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE, address(this));

        // optional admin
        if (admin != address(0)) {
            _setupRole(TIMELOCK_ADMIN_ROLE, admin);
        }

        // register proposers and cancellers
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proposers.length; ++i) {
            _setupRole(PROPOSER_ROLE, proposers[i]);
            _setupRole(CANCELLER_ROLE, proposers[i]);
        }

        // register executors
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < executors.length; ++i) {
            _setupRole(EXECUTOR_ROLE, executors[i]);
        }

        _minDelay = minDelay;
        emit MinDelayChange(0, minDelay);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only by a certain role. In
     * addition to checking the sender's role, `address(0)` 's role is also
     * considered. Granting a role to `address(0)` is equivalent to enabling
     * this role for everyone.
     */
    modifier onlyRoleOrOpenRole(bytes32 role) {
        if (!hasRole(role, address(0))) {
            _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
        }
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Contract might receive/hold ETH as part of the maintenance process.
     */
    receive() external payable {}

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, AccessControl) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC1155Receiver).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether an id correspond to a registered operation. This
     * includes both Pending, Ready and Done operations.
     */
    function isOperation(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return getTimestamp(id) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether an operation is pending or not. Note that a "pending" operation may also be "ready".
     */
    function isOperationPending(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return getTimestamp(id) > _DONE_TIMESTAMP;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether an operation is ready for execution. Note that a "ready" operation is also "pending".
     */
    function isOperationReady(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        uint256 timestamp = getTimestamp(id);
        return timestamp > _DONE_TIMESTAMP && timestamp <= block.timestamp;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether an operation is done or not.
     */
    function isOperationDone(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return getTimestamp(id) == _DONE_TIMESTAMP;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the timestamp at which an operation becomes ready (0 for
     * unset operations, 1 for done operations).
     */
    function getTimestamp(bytes32 id) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _timestamps[id];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the minimum delay for an operation to become valid.
     *
     * This value can be changed by executing an operation that calls `updateDelay`.
     */
    function getMinDelay() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _minDelay;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the identifier of an operation containing a single
     * transaction.
     */
    function hashOperation(
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt
    ) public pure virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(target, value, data, predecessor, salt));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the identifier of an operation containing a batch of
     * transactions.
     */
    function hashOperationBatch(
        address[] calldata targets,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes[] calldata payloads,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt
    ) public pure virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(targets, values, payloads, predecessor, salt));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Schedule an operation containing a single transaction.
     *
     * Emits {CallSalt} if salt is nonzero, and {CallScheduled}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'proposer' role.
     */
    function schedule(
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt,
        uint256 delay
    ) public virtual onlyRole(PROPOSER_ROLE) {
        bytes32 id = hashOperation(target, value, data, predecessor, salt);
        _schedule(id, delay);
        emit CallScheduled(id, 0, target, value, data, predecessor, delay);
        if (salt != bytes32(0)) {
            emit CallSalt(id, salt);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Schedule an operation containing a batch of transactions.
     *
     * Emits {CallSalt} if salt is nonzero, and one {CallScheduled} event per transaction in the batch.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'proposer' role.
     */
    function scheduleBatch(
        address[] calldata targets,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes[] calldata payloads,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt,
        uint256 delay
    ) public virtual onlyRole(PROPOSER_ROLE) {
        require(targets.length == values.length, "TimelockController: length mismatch");
        require(targets.length == payloads.length, "TimelockController: length mismatch");

        bytes32 id = hashOperationBatch(targets, values, payloads, predecessor, salt);
        _schedule(id, delay);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < targets.length; ++i) {
            emit CallScheduled(id, i, targets[i], values[i], payloads[i], predecessor, delay);
        }
        if (salt != bytes32(0)) {
            emit CallSalt(id, salt);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Schedule an operation that is to become valid after a given delay.
     */
    function _schedule(bytes32 id, uint256 delay) private {
        require(!isOperation(id), "TimelockController: operation already scheduled");
        require(delay >= getMinDelay(), "TimelockController: insufficient delay");
        _timestamps[id] = block.timestamp + delay;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Cancel an operation.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'canceller' role.
     */
    function cancel(bytes32 id) public virtual onlyRole(CANCELLER_ROLE) {
        require(isOperationPending(id), "TimelockController: operation cannot be cancelled");
        delete _timestamps[id];

        emit Cancelled(id);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Execute an (ready) operation containing a single transaction.
     *
     * Emits a {CallExecuted} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'executor' role.
     */
    // This function can reenter, but it doesn't pose a risk because _afterCall checks that the proposal is pending,
    // thus any modifications to the operation during reentrancy should be caught.
    // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-eth
    function execute(
        address target,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata payload,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt
    ) public payable virtual onlyRoleOrOpenRole(EXECUTOR_ROLE) {
        bytes32 id = hashOperation(target, value, payload, predecessor, salt);

        _beforeCall(id, predecessor);
        _execute(target, value, payload);
        emit CallExecuted(id, 0, target, value, payload);
        _afterCall(id);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Execute an (ready) operation containing a batch of transactions.
     *
     * Emits one {CallExecuted} event per transaction in the batch.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have the 'executor' role.
     */
    // This function can reenter, but it doesn't pose a risk because _afterCall checks that the proposal is pending,
    // thus any modifications to the operation during reentrancy should be caught.
    // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-eth
    function executeBatch(
        address[] calldata targets,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes[] calldata payloads,
        bytes32 predecessor,
        bytes32 salt
    ) public payable virtual onlyRoleOrOpenRole(EXECUTOR_ROLE) {
        require(targets.length == values.length, "TimelockController: length mismatch");
        require(targets.length == payloads.length, "TimelockController: length mismatch");

        bytes32 id = hashOperationBatch(targets, values, payloads, predecessor, salt);

        _beforeCall(id, predecessor);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < targets.length; ++i) {
            address target = targets[i];
            uint256 value = values[i];
            bytes calldata payload = payloads[i];
            _execute(target, value, payload);
            emit CallExecuted(id, i, target, value, payload);
        }
        _afterCall(id);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Execute an operation's call.
     */
    function _execute(address target, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) internal virtual {
        (bool success, ) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        require(success, "TimelockController: underlying transaction reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks before execution of an operation's calls.
     */
    function _beforeCall(bytes32 id, bytes32 predecessor) private view {
        require(isOperationReady(id), "TimelockController: operation is not ready");
        require(predecessor == bytes32(0) || isOperationDone(predecessor), "TimelockController: missing dependency");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks after execution of an operation's calls.
     */
    function _afterCall(bytes32 id) private {
        require(isOperationReady(id), "TimelockController: operation is not ready");
        _timestamps[id] = _DONE_TIMESTAMP;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the minimum timelock duration for future operations.
     *
     * Emits a {MinDelayChange} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be the timelock itself. This can only be achieved by scheduling and later executing
     * an operation where the timelock is the target and the data is the ABI-encoded call to this function.
     */
    function updateDelay(uint256 newDelay) external virtual {
        require(msg.sender == address(this), "TimelockController: caller must be timelock");
        emit MinDelayChange(_minDelay, newDelay);
        _minDelay = newDelay;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}.
     */
    function onERC721Received(address, address, uint256, bytes memory) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC721Received.selector;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155Received}.
     */
    function onERC1155Received(
        address,
        address,
        uint256,
        uint256,
        bytes memory
    ) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC1155Received.selector;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155BatchReceived}.
     */
    function onERC1155BatchReceived(
        address,
        address,
        uint256[] memory,
        uint256[] memory,
        bytes memory
    ) public virtual override returns (bytes4) {
        return this.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC1967.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC-1967: Proxy Storage Slots. This interface contains the events defined in the ERC.
 *
 * _Available since v4.8.3._
 */
interface IERC1967 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is changed.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC4626.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "../token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC4626 "Tokenized Vault Standard", as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4626[ERC-4626].
 *
 * _Available since v4.7._
 */
interface IERC4626 is IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    event Deposit(address indexed sender, address indexed owner, uint256 assets, uint256 shares);

    event Withdraw(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed receiver,
        address indexed owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    );

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the underlying token used for the Vault for accounting, depositing, and withdrawing.
     *
     * - MUST be an ERC-20 token contract.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function asset() external view returns (address assetTokenAddress);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of the underlying asset that is “managed” by Vault.
     *
     * - SHOULD include any compounding that occurs from yield.
     * - MUST be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function totalAssets() external view returns (uint256 totalManagedAssets);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of shares that the Vault would exchange for the amount of assets provided, in an ideal
     * scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * - MUST NOT be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT show any variations depending on the caller.
     * - MUST NOT reflect slippage or other on-chain conditions, when performing the actual exchange.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: This calculation MAY NOT reflect the “per-user” price-per-share, and instead should reflect the
     * “average-user’s” price-per-share, meaning what the average user should expect to see when exchanging to and
     * from.
     */
    function convertToShares(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of assets that the Vault would exchange for the amount of shares provided, in an ideal
     * scenario where all the conditions are met.
     *
     * - MUST NOT be inclusive of any fees that are charged against assets in the Vault.
     * - MUST NOT show any variations depending on the caller.
     * - MUST NOT reflect slippage or other on-chain conditions, when performing the actual exchange.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: This calculation MAY NOT reflect the “per-user” price-per-share, and instead should reflect the
     * “average-user’s” price-per-share, meaning what the average user should expect to see when exchanging to and
     * from.
     */
    function convertToAssets(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the underlying asset that can be deposited into the Vault for the receiver,
     * through a deposit call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if receiver is subject to some deposit limit.
     * - MUST return 2 ** 256 - 1 if there is no limit on the maximum amount of assets that may be deposited.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxDeposit(address receiver) external view returns (uint256 maxAssets);

    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their deposit at the current block, given
     * current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no more than the exact amount of Vault shares that would be minted in a deposit
     *   call in the same transaction. I.e. deposit should return the same or more shares as previewDeposit if called
     *   in the same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for deposit limits like those returned from maxDeposit and should always act as though the
     *   deposit would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough tokens approved, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of deposit fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of deposit fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToShares and previewDeposit SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by depositing.
     */
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Mints shares Vault shares to receiver by depositing exactly amount of underlying tokens.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Deposit event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   deposit execution, and are accounted for during deposit.
     * - MUST revert if all of assets cannot be deposited (due to deposit limit being reached, slippage, the user not
     *   approving enough underlying tokens to the Vault contract, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: most implementations will require pre-approval of the Vault with the Vault’s underlying asset token.
     */
    function deposit(uint256 assets, address receiver) external returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the Vault shares that can be minted for the receiver, through a mint call.
     * - MUST return a limited value if receiver is subject to some mint limit.
     * - MUST return 2 ** 256 - 1 if there is no limit on the maximum amount of shares that may be minted.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxMint(address receiver) external view returns (uint256 maxShares);

    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their mint at the current block, given
     * current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no fewer than the exact amount of assets that would be deposited in a mint call
     *   in the same transaction. I.e. mint should return the same or fewer assets as previewMint if called in the
     *   same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for mint limits like those returned from maxMint and should always act as though the mint
     *   would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough tokens approved, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of deposit fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of deposit fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToAssets and previewMint SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by minting.
     */
    function previewMint(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @dev Mints exactly shares Vault shares to receiver by depositing amount of underlying tokens.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Deposit event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the mint
     *   execution, and are accounted for during mint.
     * - MUST revert if all of shares cannot be minted (due to deposit limit being reached, slippage, the user not
     *   approving enough underlying tokens to the Vault contract, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: most implementations will require pre-approval of the Vault with the Vault’s underlying asset token.
     */
    function mint(uint256 shares, address receiver) external returns (uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of the underlying asset that can be withdrawn from the owner balance in the
     * Vault, through a withdraw call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if owner is subject to some withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxWithdraw(address owner) external view returns (uint256 maxAssets);

    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their withdrawal at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no fewer than the exact amount of Vault shares that would be burned in a withdraw
     *   call in the same transaction. I.e. withdraw should return the same or fewer shares as previewWithdraw if
     *   called
     *   in the same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for withdrawal limits like those returned from maxWithdraw and should always act as though
     *   the withdrawal would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough shares, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of withdrawal fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of withdrawal fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToShares and previewWithdraw SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by depositing.
     */
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) external view returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Burns shares from owner and sends exactly assets of underlying tokens to receiver.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Withdraw event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   withdraw execution, and are accounted for during withdraw.
     * - MUST revert if all of assets cannot be withdrawn (due to withdrawal limit being reached, slippage, the owner
     *   not having enough shares, etc).
     *
     * Note that some implementations will require pre-requesting to the Vault before a withdrawal may be performed.
     * Those methods should be performed separately.
     */
    function withdraw(uint256 assets, address receiver, address owner) external returns (uint256 shares);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the maximum amount of Vault shares that can be redeemed from the owner balance in the Vault,
     * through a redeem call.
     *
     * - MUST return a limited value if owner is subject to some withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST return balanceOf(owner) if owner is not subject to any withdrawal limit or timelock.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     */
    function maxRedeem(address owner) external view returns (uint256 maxShares);

    /**
     * @dev Allows an on-chain or off-chain user to simulate the effects of their redeemption at the current block,
     * given current on-chain conditions.
     *
     * - MUST return as close to and no more than the exact amount of assets that would be withdrawn in a redeem call
     *   in the same transaction. I.e. redeem should return the same or more assets as previewRedeem if called in the
     *   same transaction.
     * - MUST NOT account for redemption limits like those returned from maxRedeem and should always act as though the
     *   redemption would be accepted, regardless if the user has enough shares, etc.
     * - MUST be inclusive of withdrawal fees. Integrators should be aware of the existence of withdrawal fees.
     * - MUST NOT revert.
     *
     * NOTE: any unfavorable discrepancy between convertToAssets and previewRedeem SHOULD be considered slippage in
     * share price or some other type of condition, meaning the depositor will lose assets by redeeming.
     */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) external view returns (uint256 assets);

    /**
     * @dev Burns exactly shares from owner and sends assets of underlying tokens to receiver.
     *
     * - MUST emit the Withdraw event.
     * - MAY support an additional flow in which the underlying tokens are owned by the Vault contract before the
     *   redeem execution, and are accounted for during redeem.
     * - MUST revert if all of shares cannot be redeemed (due to withdrawal limit being reached, slippage, the owner
     *   not having enough shares, etc).
     *
     * NOTE: some implementations will require pre-requesting to the Vault before a withdrawal may be performed.
     * Those methods should be performed separately.
     */
    function redeem(uint256 shares, address receiver, address owner) external returns (uint256 assets);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Proxy.sol";
import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";

/**
 * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
 * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
 * implementation behind the proxy.
 */
contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
     *
     * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
     * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
        _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
        return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import "../../interfaces/IERC1967.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade is IERC1967 {
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(address newImplementation, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(address newBeacon, bytes memory data, bool forceCall) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
     * and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _beforeFallback();
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
     * is empty.
     */
    receive() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
     * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
     *
     * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.3) (proxy/transparent/ProxyAdmin.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol";
import "../../access/Ownable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is an auxiliary contract meant to be assigned as the admin of a {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. For an
 * explanation of why you would want to use this see the documentation for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}.
 */
contract ProxyAdmin is Ownable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation of `proxy`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function getProxyImplementation(ITransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy) public view virtual returns (address) {
        // We need to manually run the static call since the getter cannot be flagged as view
        // bytes4(keccak256("implementation()")) == 0x5c60da1b
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(proxy).staticcall(hex"5c60da1b");
        require(success);
        return abi.decode(returndata, (address));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin of `proxy`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function getProxyAdmin(ITransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy) public view virtual returns (address) {
        // We need to manually run the static call since the getter cannot be flagged as view
        // bytes4(keccak256("admin()")) == 0xf851a440
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(proxy).staticcall(hex"f851a440");
        require(success);
        return abi.decode(returndata, (address));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of `proxy` to `newAdmin`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the current admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function changeProxyAdmin(ITransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy, address newAdmin) public virtual onlyOwner {
        proxy.changeAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrades `proxy` to `implementation`. See {TransparentUpgradeableProxy-upgradeTo}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function upgrade(ITransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy, address implementation) public virtual onlyOwner {
        proxy.upgradeTo(implementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrades `proxy` to `implementation` and calls a function on the new implementation. See
     * {TransparentUpgradeableProxy-upgradeToAndCall}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - This contract must be the admin of `proxy`.
     */
    function upgradeAndCall(
        ITransparentUpgradeableProxy proxy,
        address implementation,
        bytes memory data
    ) public payable virtual onlyOwner {
        proxy.upgradeToAndCall{value: msg.value}(implementation, data);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}. In order to implement transparency, {TransparentUpgradeableProxy}
 * does not implement this interface directly, and some of its functions are implemented by an internal dispatch
 * mechanism. The compiler is unaware that these functions are implemented by {TransparentUpgradeableProxy} and will not
 * include them in the ABI so this interface must be used to interact with it.
 */
interface ITransparentUpgradeableProxy is IERC1967 {
    function admin() external view returns (address);

    function implementation() external view returns (address);

    function changeAdmin(address) external;

    function upgradeTo(address) external;

    function upgradeToAndCall(address, bytes memory) external payable;
}

/**
 * @dev This contract implements a proxy that is upgradeable by an admin.
 *
 * To avoid https://medium.com/nomic-labs-blog/malicious-backdoors-in-ethereum-proxies-62629adf3357[proxy selector
 * clashing], which can potentially be used in an attack, this contract uses the
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/the-transparent-proxy-pattern/[transparent proxy pattern]. This pattern implies two
 * things that go hand in hand:
 *
 * 1. If any account other than the admin calls the proxy, the call will be forwarded to the implementation, even if
 * that call matches one of the admin functions exposed by the proxy itself.
 * 2. If the admin calls the proxy, it can access the admin functions, but its calls will never be forwarded to the
 * implementation. If the admin tries to call a function on the implementation it will fail with an error that says
 * "admin cannot fallback to proxy target".
 *
 * These properties mean that the admin account can only be used for admin actions like upgrading the proxy or changing
 * the admin, so it's best if it's a dedicated account that is not used for anything else. This will avoid headaches due
 * to sudden errors when trying to call a function from the proxy implementation.
 *
 * Our recommendation is for the dedicated account to be an instance of the {ProxyAdmin} contract. If set up this way,
 * you should think of the `ProxyAdmin` instance as the real administrative interface of your proxy.
 *
 * NOTE: The real interface of this proxy is that defined in `ITransparentUpgradeableProxy`. This contract does not
 * inherit from that interface, and instead the admin functions are implicitly implemented using a custom dispatch
 * mechanism in `_fallback`. Consequently, the compiler will not produce an ABI for this contract. This is necessary to
 * fully implement transparency without decoding reverts caused by selector clashes between the proxy and the
 * implementation.
 *
 * WARNING: It is not recommended to extend this contract to add additional external functions. If you do so, the compiler
 * will not check that there are no selector conflicts, due to the note above. A selector clash between any new function
 * and the functions declared in {ITransparentUpgradeableProxy} will be resolved in favor of the new one. This could
 * render the admin operations inaccessible, which could prevent upgradeability. Transparency may also be compromised.
 */
contract TransparentUpgradeableProxy is ERC1967Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes an upgradeable proxy managed by `_admin`, backed by the implementation at `_logic`, and
     * optionally initialized with `_data` as explained in {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, address admin_, bytes memory _data) payable ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data) {
        _changeAdmin(admin_);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier used internally that will delegate the call to the implementation unless the sender is the admin.
     *
     * CAUTION: This modifier is deprecated, as it could cause issues if the modified function has arguments, and the
     * implementation provides a function with the same selector.
     */
    modifier ifAdmin() {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
            _;
        } else {
            _fallback();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev If caller is the admin process the call internally, otherwise transparently fallback to the proxy behavior
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual override {
        if (msg.sender == _getAdmin()) {
            bytes memory ret;
            bytes4 selector = msg.sig;
            if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeTo.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchUpgradeTo();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.upgradeToAndCall.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.changeAdmin.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchChangeAdmin();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.admin.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchAdmin();
            } else if (selector == ITransparentUpgradeableProxy.implementation.selector) {
                ret = _dispatchImplementation();
            } else {
                revert("TransparentUpgradeableProxy: admin cannot fallback to proxy target");
            }
            assembly {
                return(add(ret, 0x20), mload(ret))
            }
        } else {
            super._fallback();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103`
     */
    function _dispatchAdmin() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();

        address admin = _getAdmin();
        return abi.encode(admin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation.
     *
     * TIP: To get this value clients can read directly from the storage slot shown below (specified by EIP1967) using the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_getstorageat[`eth_getStorageAt`] RPC call.
     * `0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc`
     */
    function _dispatchImplementation() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();

        address implementation = _implementation();
        return abi.encode(implementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _dispatchChangeAdmin() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();

        address newAdmin = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address));
        _changeAdmin(newAdmin);

        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy.
     */
    function _dispatchUpgradeTo() private returns (bytes memory) {
        _requireZeroValue();

        address newImplementation = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address));
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, bytes(""), false);

        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy, and then call a function from the new implementation as specified
     * by `data`, which should be an encoded function call. This is useful to initialize new storage variables in the
     * proxied contract.
     */
    function _dispatchUpgradeToAndCall() private returns (bytes memory) {
        (address newImplementation, bytes memory data) = abi.decode(msg.data[4:], (address, bytes));
        _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, true);

        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated. Use {ERC1967Upgrade-_getAdmin} instead.
     */
    function _admin() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _getAdmin();
    }

    /**
     * @dev To keep this contract fully transparent, all `ifAdmin` functions must be payable. This helper is here to
     * emulate some proxy functions being non-payable while still allowing value to pass through.
     */
    function _requireZeroValue() private {
        require(msg.value == 0);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    constructor() {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (security/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor() {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be _NOT_ENTERED
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _status == _ENTERED;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC1155/IERC1155Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev _Available since v3.1._
 */
interface IERC1155Receiver is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Handles the receipt of a single ERC1155 token type. This function is
     * called at the end of a `safeTransferFrom` after the balance has been updated.
     *
     * NOTE: To accept the transfer, this must return
     * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))`
     * (i.e. 0xf23a6e61, or its own function selector).
     *
     * @param operator The address which initiated the transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
     * @param from The address which previously owned the token
     * @param id The ID of the token being transferred
     * @param value The amount of tokens being transferred
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format
     * @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
     */
    function onERC1155Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);

    /**
     * @dev Handles the receipt of a multiple ERC1155 token types. This function
     * is called at the end of a `safeBatchTransferFrom` after the balances have
     * been updated.
     *
     * NOTE: To accept the transfer(s), this must return
     * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))`
     * (i.e. 0xbc197c81, or its own function selector).
     *
     * @param operator The address which initiated the batch transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
     * @param from The address which previously owned the token
     * @param ids An array containing ids of each token being transferred (order and length must match values array)
     * @param values An array containing amounts of each token being transferred (order and length must match ids array)
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format
     * @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
     */
    function onERC1155BatchReceived(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256[] calldata ids,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC4626.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC20.sol";
import "../utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import "../../../interfaces/IERC4626.sol";
import "../../../utils/math/Math.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the ERC4626 "Tokenized Vault Standard" as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4626[EIP-4626].
 *
 * This extension allows the minting and burning of "shares" (represented using the ERC20 inheritance) in exchange for
 * underlying "assets" through standardized {deposit}, {mint}, {redeem} and {burn} workflows. This contract extends
 * the ERC20 standard. Any additional extensions included along it would affect the "shares" token represented by this
 * contract and not the "assets" token which is an independent contract.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * In empty (or nearly empty) ERC-4626 vaults, deposits are at high risk of being stolen through frontrunning
 * with a "donation" to the vault that inflates the price of a share. This is variously known as a donation or inflation
 * attack and is essentially a problem of slippage. Vault deployers can protect against this attack by making an initial
 * deposit of a non-trivial amount of the asset, such that price manipulation becomes infeasible. Withdrawals may
 * similarly be affected by slippage. Users can protect against this attack as well as unexpected slippage in general by
 * verifying the amount received is as expected, using a wrapper that performs these checks such as
 * https://github.com/fei-protocol/ERC4626#erc4626router-and-base[ERC4626Router].
 *
 * Since v4.9, this implementation uses virtual assets and shares to mitigate that risk. The `_decimalsOffset()`
 * corresponds to an offset in the decimal representation between the underlying asset's decimals and the vault
 * decimals. This offset also determines the rate of virtual shares to virtual assets in the vault, which itself
 * determines the initial exchange rate. While not fully preventing the attack, analysis shows that the default offset
 * (0) makes it non-profitable, as a result of the value being captured by the virtual shares (out of the attacker's
 * donation) matching the attacker's expected gains. With a larger offset, the attack becomes orders of magnitude more
 * expensive than it is profitable. More details about the underlying math can be found
 * xref:erc4626.adoc#inflation-attack[here].
 *
 * The drawback of this approach is that the virtual shares do capture (a very small) part of the value being accrued
 * to the vault. Also, if the vault experiences losses, the users try to exit the vault, the virtual shares and assets
 * will cause the first user to exit to experience reduced losses in detriment to the last users that will experience
 * bigger losses. Developers willing to revert back to the pre-v4.9 behavior just need to override the
 * `_convertToShares` and `_convertToAssets` functions.
 *
 * To learn more, check out our xref:ROOT:erc4626.adoc[ERC-4626 guide].
 * ====
 *
 * _Available since v4.7._
 */
abstract contract ERC4626 is ERC20, IERC4626 {
    using Math for uint256;

    IERC20 private immutable _asset;
    uint8 private immutable _underlyingDecimals;

    /**
     * @dev Set the underlying asset contract. This must be an ERC20-compatible contract (ERC20 or ERC777).
     */
    constructor(IERC20 asset_) {
        (bool success, uint8 assetDecimals) = _tryGetAssetDecimals(asset_);
        _underlyingDecimals = success ? assetDecimals : 18;
        _asset = asset_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Attempts to fetch the asset decimals. A return value of false indicates that the attempt failed in some way.
     */
    function _tryGetAssetDecimals(IERC20 asset_) private view returns (bool, uint8) {
        (bool success, bytes memory encodedDecimals) = address(asset_).staticcall(
            abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC20Metadata.decimals.selector)
        );
        if (success && encodedDecimals.length >= 32) {
            uint256 returnedDecimals = abi.decode(encodedDecimals, (uint256));
            if (returnedDecimals <= type(uint8).max) {
                return (true, uint8(returnedDecimals));
            }
        }
        return (false, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decimals are computed by adding the decimal offset on top of the underlying asset's decimals. This
     * "original" value is cached during construction of the vault contract. If this read operation fails (e.g., the
     * asset has not been created yet), a default of 18 is used to represent the underlying asset's decimals.
     *
     * See {IERC20Metadata-decimals}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override(IERC20Metadata, ERC20) returns (uint8) {
        return _underlyingDecimals + _decimalsOffset();
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-asset}. */
    function asset() public view virtual override returns (address) {
        return address(_asset);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-totalAssets}. */
    function totalAssets() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _asset.balanceOf(address(this));
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-convertToShares}. */
    function convertToShares(uint256 assets) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(assets, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-convertToAssets}. */
    function convertToAssets(uint256 shares) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(shares, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-maxDeposit}. */
    function maxDeposit(address) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return type(uint256).max;
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-maxMint}. */
    function maxMint(address) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return type(uint256).max;
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-maxWithdraw}. */
    function maxWithdraw(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(balanceOf(owner), Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-maxRedeem}. */
    function maxRedeem(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return balanceOf(owner);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-previewDeposit}. */
    function previewDeposit(uint256 assets) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(assets, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-previewMint}. */
    function previewMint(uint256 shares) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(shares, Math.Rounding.Up);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-previewWithdraw}. */
    function previewWithdraw(uint256 assets) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToShares(assets, Math.Rounding.Up);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-previewRedeem}. */
    function previewRedeem(uint256 shares) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _convertToAssets(shares, Math.Rounding.Down);
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-deposit}. */
    function deposit(uint256 assets, address receiver) public virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(assets <= maxDeposit(receiver), "ERC4626: deposit more than max");

        uint256 shares = previewDeposit(assets);
        _deposit(_msgSender(), receiver, assets, shares);

        return shares;
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-mint}.
     *
     * As opposed to {deposit}, minting is allowed even if the vault is in a state where the price of a share is zero.
     * In this case, the shares will be minted without requiring any assets to be deposited.
     */
    function mint(uint256 shares, address receiver) public virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(shares <= maxMint(receiver), "ERC4626: mint more than max");

        uint256 assets = previewMint(shares);
        _deposit(_msgSender(), receiver, assets, shares);

        return assets;
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-withdraw}. */
    function withdraw(uint256 assets, address receiver, address owner) public virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(assets <= maxWithdraw(owner), "ERC4626: withdraw more than max");

        uint256 shares = previewWithdraw(assets);
        _withdraw(_msgSender(), receiver, owner, assets, shares);

        return shares;
    }

    /** @dev See {IERC4626-redeem}. */
    function redeem(uint256 shares, address receiver, address owner) public virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(shares <= maxRedeem(owner), "ERC4626: redeem more than max");

        uint256 assets = previewRedeem(shares);
        _withdraw(_msgSender(), receiver, owner, assets, shares);

        return assets;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal conversion function (from assets to shares) with support for rounding direction.
     */
    function _convertToShares(uint256 assets, Math.Rounding rounding) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return assets.mulDiv(totalSupply() + 10 ** _decimalsOffset(), totalAssets() + 1, rounding);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal conversion function (from shares to assets) with support for rounding direction.
     */
    function _convertToAssets(uint256 shares, Math.Rounding rounding) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return shares.mulDiv(totalAssets() + 1, totalSupply() + 10 ** _decimalsOffset(), rounding);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deposit/mint common workflow.
     */
    function _deposit(address caller, address receiver, uint256 assets, uint256 shares) internal virtual {
        // If _asset is ERC777, `transferFrom` can trigger a reentrancy BEFORE the transfer happens through the
        // `tokensToSend` hook. On the other hand, the `tokenReceived` hook, that is triggered after the transfer,
        // calls the vault, which is assumed not malicious.
        //
        // Conclusion: we need to do the transfer before we mint so that any reentrancy would happen before the
        // assets are transferred and before the shares are minted, which is a valid state.
        // slither-disable-next-line reentrancy-no-eth
        SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(_asset, caller, address(this), assets);
        _mint(receiver, shares);

        emit Deposit(caller, receiver, assets, shares);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Withdraw/redeem common workflow.
     */
    function _withdraw(
        address caller,
        address receiver,
        address owner,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares
    ) internal virtual {
        if (caller != owner) {
            _spendAllowance(owner, caller, shares);
        }

        // If _asset is ERC777, `transfer` can trigger a reentrancy AFTER the transfer happens through the
        // `tokensReceived` hook. On the other hand, the `tokensToSend` hook, that is triggered before the transfer,
        // calls the vault, which is assumed not malicious.
        //
        // Conclusion: we need to do the transfer after the burn so that any reentrancy would happen after the
        // shares are burned and after the assets are transferred, which is a valid state.
        _burn(owner, shares);
        SafeERC20.safeTransfer(_asset, receiver, assets);

        emit Withdraw(caller, receiver, owner, assets, shares);
    }

    function _decimalsOffset() internal view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.3) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return
            success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";
import "../../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata {
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _owners;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: address zero is not a valid owner");
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string(abi.encodePacked(baseURI, tokenId.toString())) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        require(to != owner, "ERC721: approval to current owner");

        require(
            _msgSender() == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, _msgSender()),
            "ERC721: approve caller is not token owner or approved for all"
        );

        _approve(to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (address) {
        _requireMinted(tokenId);

        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual override {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        //solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");

        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual override {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) public virtual override {
        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), tokenId), "ERC721: caller is not token owner or approved");
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {safeTransferFrom}, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        require(_checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data), "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
     */
    function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owners[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `tokenId` exists.
     *
     * Tokens can be managed by their owner or approved accounts via {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Tokens start existing when they are minted (`_mint`),
     * and stop existing when they are burned (`_burn`).
     */
    function _exists(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _ownerOf(tokenId) != address(0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `tokenId`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);
        return (spender == owner || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        require(
            _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data),
            "ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: mint to the zero address");
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not minted by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(!_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: token already minted");

        unchecked {
            // Will not overflow unless all 2**256 token ids are minted to the same owner.
            // Given that tokens are minted one by one, it is impossible in practice that
            // this ever happens. Might change if we allow batch minting.
            // The ERC fails to describe this case.
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     * This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        address owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        _beforeTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);

        // Update ownership in case tokenId was transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        owner = ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId);

        // Clear approvals
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // Cannot overflow, as that would require more tokens to be burned/transferred
            // out than the owner initially received through minting and transferring in.
            _balances[owner] -= 1;
        }
        delete _owners[tokenId];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(owner, address(0), tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC721: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);

        // Check that tokenId was not transferred by `_beforeTokenTransfer` hook
        require(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId) == from, "ERC721: transfer from incorrect owner");

        // Clear approvals from the previous owner
        delete _tokenApprovals[tokenId];

        unchecked {
            // `_balances[from]` cannot overflow for the same reason as described in `_burn`:
            // `from`'s balance is the number of token held, which is at least one before the current
            // transfer.
            // `_balances[to]` could overflow in the conditions described in `_mint`. That would require
            // all 2**256 token ids to be minted, which in practice is impossible.
            _balances[from] -= 1;
            _balances[to] += 1;
        }
        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, 1);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal virtual {
        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
        emit Approval(ERC721.ownerOf(tokenId), to, tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(address owner, address operator, bool approved) internal virtual {
        require(owner != operator, "ERC721: approve to caller");
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` has not been minted yet.
     */
    function _requireMinted(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        require(_exists(tokenId), "ERC721: invalid token ID");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Internal function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address.
     * The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     * @return bool whether the call correctly returned the expected magic value
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes memory data
    ) private returns (bool) {
        if (to.isContract()) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                return retval == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector;
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert("ERC721: transfer to non ERC721Receiver implementer");
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens will be transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 firstTokenId, uint256 batchSize) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any token transfer. This includes minting and burning. If {ERC721Consecutive} is
     * used, the hook may be called as part of a consecutive (batch) mint, as indicated by `batchSize` greater than 1.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - When `from` and `to` are both non-zero, ``from``'s tokens were transferred to `to`.
     * - When `from` is zero, the tokens were minted for `to`.
     * - When `to` is zero, ``from``'s tokens were burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     * - `batchSize` is non-zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 firstTokenId, uint256 batchSize) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Unsafe write access to the balances, used by extensions that "mint" tokens using an {ownerOf} override.
     *
     * WARNING: Anyone calling this MUST ensure that the balances remain consistent with the ownership. The invariant
     * being that for any address `a` the value returned by `balanceOf(a)` must be equal to the number of tokens such
     * that `ownerOf(tokenId)` is `a`.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function __unsafe_increaseBalance(address account, uint256 amount) internal {
        _balances[account] += amount;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../ERC721.sol";
import "./IERC721Enumerable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This implements an optional extension of {ERC721} defined in the EIP that adds
 * enumerability of all the token ids in the contract as well as all token ids owned by each
 * account.
 */
abstract contract ERC721Enumerable is ERC721, IERC721Enumerable {
    // Mapping from owner to list of owned token IDs
    mapping(address => mapping(uint256 => uint256)) private _ownedTokens;

    // Mapping from token ID to index of the owner tokens list
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _ownedTokensIndex;

    // Array with all token ids, used for enumeration
    uint256[] private _allTokens;

    // Mapping from token id to position in the allTokens array
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) private _allTokensIndex;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(IERC165, ERC721) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721Enumerable).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenOfOwnerByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721.balanceOf(owner), "ERC721Enumerable: owner index out of bounds");
        return _ownedTokens[owner][index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allTokens.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Enumerable-tokenByIndex}.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        require(index < ERC721Enumerable.totalSupply(), "ERC721Enumerable: global index out of bounds");
        return _allTokens[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {ERC721-_beforeTokenTransfer}.
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 firstTokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal virtual override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, firstTokenId, batchSize);

        if (batchSize > 1) {
            // Will only trigger during construction. Batch transferring (minting) is not available afterwards.
            revert("ERC721Enumerable: consecutive transfers not supported");
        }

        uint256 tokenId = firstTokenId;

        if (from == address(0)) {
            _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (from != to) {
            _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(from, tokenId);
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(tokenId);
        } else if (to != from) {
            _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(to, tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's ownership-tracking data structures.
     * @param to address representing the new owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _addTokenToOwnerEnumeration(address to, uint256 tokenId) private {
        uint256 length = ERC721.balanceOf(to);
        _ownedTokens[to][length] = tokenId;
        _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId] = length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to add a token to this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be added to the tokens list
     */
    function _addTokenToAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        _allTokensIndex[tokenId] = _allTokens.length;
        _allTokens.push(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's ownership-tracking data structures. Note that
     * while the token is not assigned a new owner, the `_ownedTokensIndex` mapping is _not_ updated: this allows for
     * gas optimizations e.g. when performing a transfer operation (avoiding double writes).
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _ownedTokens array.
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list of the given address
     */
    function _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration(address from, uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in from's tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = ERC721.balanceOf(from) - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary
        if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
            uint256 lastTokenId = _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];

            _ownedTokens[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
            _ownedTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index
        }

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _ownedTokensIndex[tokenId];
        delete _ownedTokens[from][lastTokenIndex];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to remove a token from this extension's token tracking data structures.
     * This has O(1) time complexity, but alters the order of the _allTokens array.
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be removed from the tokens list
     */
    function _removeTokenFromAllTokensEnumeration(uint256 tokenId) private {
        // To prevent a gap in the tokens array, we store the last token in the index of the token to delete, and
        // then delete the last slot (swap and pop).

        uint256 lastTokenIndex = _allTokens.length - 1;
        uint256 tokenIndex = _allTokensIndex[tokenId];

        // When the token to delete is the last token, the swap operation is unnecessary. However, since this occurs so
        // rarely (when the last minted token is burnt) that we still do the swap here to avoid the gas cost of adding
        // an 'if' statement (like in _removeTokenFromOwnerEnumeration)
        uint256 lastTokenId = _allTokens[lastTokenIndex];

        _allTokens[tokenIndex] = lastTokenId; // Move the last token to the slot of the to-delete token
        _allTokensIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex; // Update the moved token's index

        // This also deletes the contents at the last position of the array
        delete _allTokensIndex[tokenId];
        _allTokens.pop();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Enumerable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional enumeration extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Enumerable is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens stored by the contract.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID owned by `owner` at a given `index` of its token list.
     * Use along with {balanceOf} to enumerate all of ``owner``'s tokens.
     */
    function tokenOfOwnerByIndex(address owner, uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns a token ID at a given `index` of all the tokens stored by the contract.
     * Use along with {totalSupply} to enumerate all tokens.
     */
    function tokenByIndex(uint256 index) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the caller.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Create2.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Helper to make usage of the `CREATE2` EVM opcode easier and safer.
 * `CREATE2` can be used to compute in advance the address where a smart
 * contract will be deployed, which allows for interesting new mechanisms known
 * as 'counterfactual interactions'.
 *
 * See the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014#motivation[EIP] for more
 * information.
 */
library Create2 {
    /**
     * @dev Deploys a contract using `CREATE2`. The address where the contract
     * will be deployed can be known in advance via {computeAddress}.
     *
     * The bytecode for a contract can be obtained from Solidity with
     * `type(contractName).creationCode`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `bytecode` must not be empty.
     * - `salt` must have not been used for `bytecode` already.
     * - the factory must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - if `amount` is non-zero, `bytecode` must have a `payable` constructor.
     */
    function deploy(uint256 amount, bytes32 salt, bytes memory bytecode) internal returns (address addr) {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Create2: insufficient balance");
        require(bytecode.length != 0, "Create2: bytecode length is zero");
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            addr := create2(amount, add(bytecode, 0x20), mload(bytecode), salt)
        }
        require(addr != address(0), "Create2: Failed on deploy");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy}. Any change in the
     * `bytecodeHash` or `salt` will result in a new destination address.
     */
    function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash) internal view returns (address) {
        return computeAddress(salt, bytecodeHash, address(this));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address where a contract will be stored if deployed via {deploy} from a contract located at
     * `deployer`. If `deployer` is this contract's address, returns the same value as {computeAddress}.
     */
    function computeAddress(bytes32 salt, bytes32 bytecodeHash, address deployer) internal pure returns (address addr) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40) // Get free memory pointer

            // |                   | ↓ ptr ...  ↓ ptr + 0x0B (start) ...  ↓ ptr + 0x20 ...  ↓ ptr + 0x40 ...   |
            // |-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | bytecodeHash      |                                                        CCCCCCCCCCCCC...CC |
            // | salt              |                                      BBBBBBBBBBBBB...BB                   |
            // | deployer          | 000000...0000AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AA                                     |
            // | 0xFF              |            FF                                                             |
            // |-------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | memory            | 000000...00FFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...AABBBBBBBBBBBBB...BBCCCCCCCCCCCCC...CC |
            // | keccak(start, 85) |            ↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑ |

            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), bytecodeHash)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), salt)
            mstore(ptr, deployer) // Right-aligned with 12 preceding garbage bytes
            let start := add(ptr, 0x0b) // The hashed data starts at the final garbage byte which we will set to 0xff
            mstore8(start, 0xff)
            addr := keccak256(start, 85)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV // Deprecated in v4.8
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32 message) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32")
            mstore(0x1c, hash)
            message := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 data) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, "\x19\x01")
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
            data := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Data with intended validator, created from a
     * `validator` and `data` according to the version 0 of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x00", validator, data));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/StorageSlot.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```solidity
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, `uint256`._
 * _Available since v4.9 for `string`, `bytes`._
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    struct StringSlot {
        string value;
    }

    struct BytesSlot {
        bytes value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `StringSlot` representation of the string storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getStringSlot(string storage store) internal pure returns (StringSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BytesSlot` representation of the bytes storage pointer `store`.
     */
    function getBytesSlot(bytes storage store) internal pure returns (BytesSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := store.slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/Math.sol";
import "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/structs/EnumerableMap.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/EnumerableMap.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./EnumerableSet.sol";

/**
 * @dev Library for managing an enumerable variant of Solidity's
 * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/types.html#mapping-types[`mapping`]
 * type.
 *
 * Maps have the following properties:
 *
 * - Entries are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Entries are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```solidity
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableMap for EnumerableMap.UintToAddressMap;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableMap.UintToAddressMap private myMap;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * The following map types are supported:
 *
 * - `uint256 -> address` (`UintToAddressMap`) since v3.0.0
 * - `address -> uint256` (`AddressToUintMap`) since v4.6.0
 * - `bytes32 -> bytes32` (`Bytes32ToBytes32Map`) since v4.6.0
 * - `uint256 -> uint256` (`UintToUintMap`) since v4.7.0
 * - `bytes32 -> uint256` (`Bytes32ToUintMap`) since v4.7.0
 *
 * [WARNING]
 * ====
 * Trying to delete such a structure from storage will likely result in data corruption, rendering the structure
 * unusable.
 * See https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/pull/11843[ethereum/solidity#11843] for more info.
 *
 * In order to clean an EnumerableMap, you can either remove all elements one by one or create a fresh instance using an
 * array of EnumerableMap.
 * ====
 */
library EnumerableMap {
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set;

    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Map type with
    // bytes32 keys and values.
    // The Map implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as Uint256ToAddressMap) are just wrappers around
    // the underlying Map.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableMaps for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Bytes32ToBytes32Map {
        // Storage of keys
        EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set _keys;
        mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) _values;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        map._values[key] = value;
        return map._keys.add(key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a key-value pair from a map. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key) internal returns (bool) {
        delete map._values[key];
        return map._keys.remove(key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return map._keys.contains(key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of key-value pairs in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return map._keys.length();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the key-value pair stored at position `index` in the map. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of entries inside the
     * array, and it may change when more entries are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32, bytes32) {
        bytes32 key = map._keys.at(index);
        return (key, map._values[key]);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bool, bytes32) {
        bytes32 value = map._values[key];
        if (value == bytes32(0)) {
            return (contains(map, key), bytes32(0));
        } else {
            return (true, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 value = map._values[key];
        require(value != 0 || contains(map, key), "EnumerableMap: nonexistent key");
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map,
        bytes32 key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 value = map._values[key];
        require(value != 0 || contains(map, key), errorMessage);
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the an array containing all the keys
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the map grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function keys(Bytes32ToBytes32Map storage map) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return map._keys.values();
    }

    // UintToUintMap

    struct UintToUintMap {
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return set(map._inner, bytes32(key), bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a map. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key) internal returns (bool) {
        return remove(map._inner, bytes32(key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return contains(map._inner, bytes32(key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return length(map._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the map. O(1).
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256, uint256) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = at(map._inner, index);
        return (uint256(key), uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool, uint256) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = tryGet(map._inner, bytes32(key));
        return (success, uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(key)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(UintToUintMap storage map, uint256 key, string memory errorMessage) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(key), errorMessage));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the an array containing all the keys
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the map grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function keys(UintToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = keys(map._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // UintToAddressMap

    struct UintToAddressMap {
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return set(map._inner, bytes32(key), bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a map. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal returns (bool) {
        return remove(map._inner, bytes32(key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return contains(map._inner, bytes32(key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintToAddressMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return length(map._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the map. O(1).
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256, address) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = at(map._inner, index);
        return (uint256(key), address(uint160(uint256(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (bool, address) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = tryGet(map._inner, bytes32(key));
        return (success, address(uint160(uint256(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(UintToAddressMap storage map, uint256 key) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(key)))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        UintToAddressMap storage map,
        uint256 key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(key), errorMessage))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the an array containing all the keys
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the map grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function keys(UintToAddressMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = keys(map._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // AddressToUintMap

    struct AddressToUintMap {
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return set(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))), bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a map. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key) internal returns (bool) {
        return remove(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return contains(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return length(map._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the map. O(1).
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressToUintMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (address, uint256) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = at(map._inner, index);
        return (address(uint160(uint256(key))), uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key) internal view returns (bool, uint256) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = tryGet(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))));
        return (success, uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(AddressToUintMap storage map, address key) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key)))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        AddressToUintMap storage map,
        address key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(key))), errorMessage));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the an array containing all the keys
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the map grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function keys(AddressToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = keys(map._inner);
        address[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // Bytes32ToUintMap

    struct Bytes32ToUintMap {
        Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Adds a key-value pair to a map, or updates the value for an existing
     * key. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was added to the map, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function set(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return set(map._inner, key, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a map. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the key was removed from the map, that is if it was present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key) internal returns (bool) {
        return remove(map._inner, key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the key is in the map. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bool) {
        return contains(map._inner, key);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of elements in the map. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return length(map._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the element stored at position `index` in the map. O(1).
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32, uint256) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = at(map._inner, index);
        return (key, uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tries to returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     * Does not revert if `key` is not in the map.
     */
    function tryGet(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (bool, uint256) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = tryGet(map._inner, key);
        return (success, uint256(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value associated with `key`. O(1).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `key` must be in the map.
     */
    function get(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map, bytes32 key) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, key));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {get}, with a custom error message when `key` is not in the map.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryGet}.
     */
    function get(
        Bytes32ToUintMap storage map,
        bytes32 key,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(get(map._inner, key, errorMessage));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the an array containing all the keys
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the map grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function keys(Bytes32ToUintMap storage map) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = keys(map._inner);
        bytes32[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/EnumerableSet.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
 * types.
 *
 * Sets have the following properties:
 *
 * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```solidity
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * As of v3.3.0, sets of type `bytes32` (`Bytes32Set`), `address` (`AddressSet`)
 * and `uint256` (`UintSet`) are supported.
 *
 * [WARNING]
 * ====
 * Trying to delete such a structure from storage will likely result in data corruption, rendering the structure
 * unusable.
 * See https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/pull/11843[ethereum/solidity#11843] for more info.
 *
 * In order to clean an EnumerableSet, you can either remove all elements one by one or create a fresh instance using an
 * array of EnumerableSet.
 * ====
 */
library EnumerableSet {
    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
    // bytes32 values.
    // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
    // underlying Set.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Set {
        // Storage of set values
        bytes32[] _values;
        // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
        // means a value is not in the set.
        mapping(bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        if (!_contains(set, value)) {
            set._values.push(value);
            // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
            // and use 0 as a sentinel value
            set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
        uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];

        if (valueIndex != 0) {
            // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
            // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
            // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
            // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.

            uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
            uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;

            if (lastIndex != toDeleteIndex) {
                bytes32 lastValue = set._values[lastIndex];

                // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
                set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastValue;
                // Update the index for the moved value
                set._indexes[lastValue] = valueIndex; // Replace lastValue's index to valueIndex
            }

            // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
            set._values.pop();

            // Delete the index for the deleted slot
            delete set._indexes[value];

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
        return set._indexes[value] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
        return set._values.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return set._values[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function _values(Set storage set) private view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return set._values;
    }

    // Bytes32Set

    struct Bytes32Set {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32Set storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _at(set._inner, index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        bytes32[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // AddressSet

    struct AddressSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_at(set._inner, index))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        address[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // UintSet

    struct UintSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (vendor/optimism/ICrossDomainMessenger.sol)
pragma solidity >0.5.0 <0.9.0;

/**
 * @title ICrossDomainMessenger
 */
interface ICrossDomainMessenger {
    /**********
     * Events *
     **********/

    event SentMessage(address indexed target, address sender, bytes message, uint256 messageNonce, uint256 gasLimit);
    event RelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);
    event FailedRelayedMessage(bytes32 indexed msgHash);

    /*************
     * Variables *
     *************/

    function xDomainMessageSender() external view returns (address);

    /********************
     * Public Functions *
     ********************/

    /**
     * Sends a cross domain message to the target messenger.
     * @param _target Target contract address.
     * @param _message Message to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit for the provided message.
     */
    function sendMessage(address _target, bytes calldata _message, uint32 _gasLimit) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (vendor/polygon/IFxMessageProcessor.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IFxMessageProcessor {
    function processMessageFromRoot(uint256 stateId, address rootMessageSender, bytes calldata data) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {ISignatureUtils} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/ISignatureUtils.sol";
import {IAVSDirectory} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IAVSDirectory.sol";

import {IServiceManager} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IServiceManager.sol";
import {IServiceManagerUI} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IServiceManagerUI.sol";
import {IDelegationManager} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IDelegationManager.sol";
import {IStrategy} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IStrategy.sol";
import {IPaymentCoordinator} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IPaymentCoordinator.sol";
import {Quorum} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IECDSAStakeRegistryEventsAndErrors.sol";
import {ECDSAStakeRegistry} from "./ECDSAStakeRegistry.sol";

import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";

/// @author Layr Labs, Inc.
abstract contract ECDSAServiceManagerBase is
    IServiceManager,
    OwnableUpgradeable
{
    /// @notice Address of the stake registry contract, which manages registration and stake recording.
    address public immutable stakeRegistry;

    /// @notice Address of the AVS directory contract, which manages AVS-related data for registered operators.
    address public immutable avsDirectory;

    /// @notice Address of the delegation manager contract, which manages staker delegations to operators.
    address internal immutable delegationManager;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice Address of the payment coordinator contract, which handles payment distributions. Will be set once live on Eigenlayer.
    address internal paymentCoordinator;

    // ============ Modifiers ============

    /**
     * @dev Ensures that the function is only callable by the `stakeRegistry` contract.
     * This is used to restrict certain registration and deregistration functionality to the `stakeRegistry`
     */
    modifier onlyStakeRegistry() {
        require(
            msg.sender == stakeRegistry,
            "ECDSAServiceManagerBase.onlyStakeRegistry: caller is not the stakeRegistry"
        );
        _;
    }

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an operator is registered to the AVS
     * @param operator The address of the operator
     */
    event OperatorRegisteredToAVS(address indexed operator);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an operator is deregistered from the AVS
     * @param operator The address of the operator
     */
    event OperatorDeregisteredFromAVS(address indexed operator);

    // ============ Constructor ============

    /**
     * @dev Constructor for ECDSAServiceManagerBase, initializing immutable contract addresses and disabling initializers.
     * @param _avsDirectory The address of the AVS directory contract, managing AVS-related data for registered operators.
     * @param _stakeRegistry The address of the stake registry contract, managing registration and stake recording.
     * @param _paymentCoordinator The address of the payment coordinator contract, handling payment distributions.
     * @param _delegationManager The address of the delegation manager contract, managing staker delegations to operators.
     */
    constructor(
        address _avsDirectory,
        address _stakeRegistry,
        address _paymentCoordinator,
        address _delegationManager
    ) {
        avsDirectory = _avsDirectory;
        stakeRegistry = _stakeRegistry;
        paymentCoordinator = _paymentCoordinator;
        delegationManager = _delegationManager;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the base service manager by transferring ownership to the initial owner.
     * @param initialOwner The address to which the ownership of the contract will be transferred.
     */
    function __ServiceManagerBase_init(
        address initialOwner
    ) internal virtual onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IServiceManagerUI
    function updateAVSMetadataURI(
        string memory _metadataURI
    ) external virtual onlyOwner {
        _updateAVSMetadataURI(_metadataURI);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IServiceManager
    function payForRange(
        IPaymentCoordinator.RangePayment[] calldata rangePayments
    ) external virtual onlyOwner {
        _payForRange(rangePayments);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IServiceManagerUI
    function registerOperatorToAVS(
        address operator,
        ISignatureUtils.SignatureWithSaltAndExpiry memory operatorSignature
    ) external virtual onlyStakeRegistry {
        _registerOperatorToAVS(operator, operatorSignature);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IServiceManagerUI
    function deregisterOperatorFromAVS(
        address operator
    ) external virtual onlyStakeRegistry {
        _deregisterOperatorFromAVS(operator);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IServiceManagerUI
    function getRestakeableStrategies()
        external
        view
        virtual
        returns (address[] memory)
    {
        return _getRestakeableStrategies();
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IServiceManagerUI
    function getOperatorRestakedStrategies(
        address _operator
    ) external view virtual returns (address[] memory) {
        return _getOperatorRestakedStrategies(_operator);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the address of the payment coordinator contract.
     * @dev This function is only callable by the contract owner.
     * @param _paymentCoordinator The address of the payment coordinator contract.
     */
    function setPaymentCoordinator(
        address _paymentCoordinator
    ) external virtual onlyOwner {
        paymentCoordinator = _paymentCoordinator;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Forwards the call to update AVS metadata URI in the AVSDirectory contract.
     * @dev This internal function is a proxy to the `updateAVSMetadataURI` function of the AVSDirectory contract.
     * @param _metadataURI The new metadata URI to be set.
     */
    function _updateAVSMetadataURI(
        string memory _metadataURI
    ) internal virtual {
        IAVSDirectory(avsDirectory).updateAVSMetadataURI(_metadataURI);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Forwards the call to register an operator in the AVSDirectory contract.
     * @dev This internal function is a proxy to the `registerOperatorToAVS` function of the AVSDirectory contract.
     * @param operator The address of the operator to register.
     * @param operatorSignature The signature, salt, and expiry details of the operator's registration.
     */
    function _registerOperatorToAVS(
        address operator,
        ISignatureUtils.SignatureWithSaltAndExpiry memory operatorSignature
    ) internal virtual {
        IAVSDirectory(avsDirectory).registerOperatorToAVS(
            operator,
            operatorSignature
        );
        emit OperatorRegisteredToAVS(operator);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Forwards the call to deregister an operator from the AVSDirectory contract.
     * @dev This internal function is a proxy to the `deregisterOperatorFromAVS` function of the AVSDirectory contract.
     * @param operator The address of the operator to deregister.
     */
    function _deregisterOperatorFromAVS(address operator) internal virtual {
        IAVSDirectory(avsDirectory).deregisterOperatorFromAVS(operator);
        emit OperatorDeregisteredFromAVS(operator);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Processes a batch of range payments by transferring the specified amounts from the sender to this contract and then approving the PaymentCoordinator to use these amounts.
     * @dev This function handles the transfer and approval of tokens necessary for range payments. It then delegates the actual payment logic to the PaymentCoordinator contract.
     * @param rangePayments An array of `RangePayment` structs, each representing a payment for a specific range.
     */
    function _payForRange(
        IPaymentCoordinator.RangePayment[] calldata rangePayments
    ) internal virtual {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < rangePayments.length; ++i) {
            rangePayments[i].token.transferFrom(
                msg.sender,
                address(this),
                rangePayments[i].amount
            );
            rangePayments[i].token.approve(
                paymentCoordinator,
                rangePayments[i].amount
            );
        }

        IPaymentCoordinator(paymentCoordinator).payForRange(rangePayments);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the addresses of all strategies that are part of the current quorum.
     * @dev Fetches the quorum configuration from the ECDSAStakeRegistry and extracts the strategy addresses.
     * @return strategies An array of addresses representing the strategies in the current quorum.
     */
    function _getRestakeableStrategies()
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (address[] memory)
    {
        Quorum memory quorum = ECDSAStakeRegistry(stakeRegistry).quorum();
        address[] memory strategies = new address[](quorum.strategies.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < quorum.strategies.length; i++) {
            strategies[i] = address(quorum.strategies[i].strategy);
        }
        return strategies;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the addresses of strategies where the operator has restaked.
     * @dev This function fetches the quorum details from the ECDSAStakeRegistry, retrieves the operator's shares for each strategy,
     * and filters out strategies with non-zero shares indicating active restaking by the operator.
     * @param _operator The address of the operator whose restaked strategies are to be retrieved.
     * @return restakedStrategies An array of addresses of strategies where the operator has active restakes.
     */
    function _getOperatorRestakedStrategies(
        address _operator
    ) internal view virtual returns (address[] memory) {
        Quorum memory quorum = ECDSAStakeRegistry(stakeRegistry).quorum();
        uint256 count = quorum.strategies.length;
        IStrategy[] memory strategies = new IStrategy[](count);
        for (uint256 i; i < count; i++) {
            strategies[i] = quorum.strategies[i].strategy;
        }
        uint256[] memory shares = IDelegationManager(delegationManager)
            .getOperatorShares(_operator, strategies);

        address[] memory activeStrategies = new address[](count);
        uint256 activeCount;
        for (uint256 i; i < count; i++) {
            if (shares[i] > 0) {
                activeCount++;
            }
        }

        // Resize the array to fit only the active strategies
        address[] memory restakedStrategies = new address[](activeCount);
        for (uint256 j = 0; j < count; j++) {
            if (shares[j] > 0) {
                restakedStrategies[j] = activeStrategies[j];
            }
        }

        return restakedStrategies;
    }

    // storage gap for upgradeability
    // slither-disable-next-line shadowing-state
    uint256[50] private __GAP;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

import {ECDSAStakeRegistryStorage, Quorum, StrategyParams} from "./ECDSAStakeRegistryStorage.sol";
import {IStrategy} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IStrategy.sol";
import {IDelegationManager} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IDelegationManager.sol";
import {ISignatureUtils} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/ISignatureUtils.sol";
import {IServiceManager} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IServiceManager.sol";

import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {CheckpointsUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/CheckpointsUpgradeable.sol";
import {SignatureCheckerUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/cryptography/SignatureCheckerUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC1271Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/IERC1271Upgradeable.sol";

/// @title ECDSA Stake Registry
/// @author Layr Labs, Inc.
/// @dev THIS CONTRACT IS NOT AUDITED
/// @notice Manages operator registration and quorum updates for an AVS using ECDSA signatures.
contract ECDSAStakeRegistry is
    IERC1271Upgradeable,
    OwnableUpgradeable,
    ECDSAStakeRegistryStorage
{
    using SignatureCheckerUpgradeable for address;
    using CheckpointsUpgradeable for CheckpointsUpgradeable.History;

    /// @dev Constructor to create ECDSAStakeRegistry.
    /// @param _delegationManager Address of the DelegationManager contract that this registry interacts with.
    constructor(
        IDelegationManager _delegationManager
    ) ECDSAStakeRegistryStorage(_delegationManager) {
        // _disableInitializers();
    }

    /// @notice Initializes the contract with the given parameters.
    /// @param _serviceManager The address of the service manager.
    /// @param _thresholdWeight The threshold weight in basis points.
    /// @param _quorum The quorum struct containing the details of the quorum thresholds.
    function initialize(
        address _serviceManager,
        uint256 _thresholdWeight,
        Quorum memory _quorum
    ) external initializer {
        __ECDSAStakeRegistry_init(_serviceManager, _thresholdWeight, _quorum);
    }

    /// @notice Registers a new operator using a provided signature and signing key
    /// @param _operatorSignature Contains the operator's signature, salt, and expiry
    /// @param _signingKey The signing key to add to the operator's history
    function registerOperatorWithSignature(
        ISignatureUtils.SignatureWithSaltAndExpiry memory _operatorSignature,
        address _signingKey
    ) external {
        _registerOperatorWithSig(msg.sender, _operatorSignature, _signingKey);
    }

    /// @notice Deregisters an existing operator
    function deregisterOperator() external {
        _deregisterOperator(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the signing key for an operator
     * @dev Only callable by the operator themselves
     * @param _newSigningKey The new signing key to set for the operator
     */
    function updateOperatorSigningKey(address _newSigningKey) external {
        if (!_operatorRegistered[msg.sender]) {
            revert OperatorNotRegistered();
        }
        _updateOperatorSigningKey(msg.sender, _newSigningKey);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the StakeRegistry's view of one or more operators' stakes adding a new entry in their history of stake checkpoints,
     * @dev Queries stakes from the Eigenlayer core DelegationManager contract
     * @param _operators A list of operator addresses to update
     */
    function updateOperators(address[] memory _operators) external {
        _updateOperators(_operators);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Updates the quorum configuration and the set of operators
     * @dev Only callable by the contract owner.
     * It first updates the quorum configuration and then updates the list of operators.
     * @param _quorum The new quorum configuration, including strategies and their new weights
     * @param _operators The list of operator addresses to update stakes for
     */
    function updateQuorumConfig(
        Quorum memory _quorum,
        address[] memory _operators
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _updateQuorumConfig(_quorum);
        _updateOperators(_operators);
    }

    /// @notice Updates the weight an operator must have to join the operator set
    /// @dev Access controlled to the contract owner
    /// @param _newMinimumWeight The new weight an operator must have to join the operator set
    function updateMinimumWeight(
        uint256 _newMinimumWeight,
        address[] memory _operators
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _updateMinimumWeight(_newMinimumWeight);
        _updateOperators(_operators);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets a new cumulative threshold weight for message validation by operator set signatures.
     * @dev This function can only be invoked by the owner of the contract. It delegates the update to
     * an internal function `_updateStakeThreshold`.
     * @param _thresholdWeight The updated threshold weight required to validate a message. This is the
     * cumulative weight that must be met or exceeded by the sum of the stakes of the signatories for
     * a message to be deemed valid.
     */
    function updateStakeThreshold(uint256 _thresholdWeight) external onlyOwner {
        _updateStakeThreshold(_thresholdWeight);
    }

    /// @notice Verifies if the provided signature data is valid for the given data hash.
    /// @param _dataHash The hash of the data that was signed.
    /// @param _signatureData Encoded signature data consisting of an array of operators, an array of signatures, and a reference block number.
    /// @return The function selector that indicates the signature is valid according to ERC1271 standard.
    function isValidSignature(
        bytes32 _dataHash,
        bytes memory _signatureData
    ) external view returns (bytes4) {
        (
            address[] memory operators,
            bytes[] memory signatures,
            uint32 referenceBlock
        ) = abi.decode(_signatureData, (address[], bytes[], uint32));
        _checkSignatures(_dataHash, operators, signatures, referenceBlock);
        return IERC1271Upgradeable.isValidSignature.selector;
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the current stake quorum details.
    /// @return Quorum - The current quorum of strategies and weights
    function quorum() external view returns (Quorum memory) {
        return _quorum;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the latest signing key for a given operator.
     * @param _operator The address of the operator.
     * @return The latest signing key of the operator.
     */
    function getLastestOperatorSigningKey(
        address _operator
    ) external view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(_operatorSigningKeyHistory[_operator].latest()));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Retrieves the latest signing key for a given operator at a specific block number.
     * @param _operator The address of the operator.
     * @param _blockNumber The block number to get the operator's signing key.
     * @return The signing key of the operator at the given block.
     */
    function getOperatorSigningKeyAtBlock(
        address _operator,
        uint256 _blockNumber
    ) external view returns (address) {
        return
            address(
                uint160(
                    _operatorSigningKeyHistory[_operator].getAtBlock(
                        _blockNumber
                    )
                )
            );
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the last recorded weight for a given operator.
    /// @param _operator The address of the operator.
    /// @return uint256 - The latest weight of the operator.
    function getLastCheckpointOperatorWeight(
        address _operator
    ) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _operatorWeightHistory[_operator].latest();
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the last recorded total weight across all operators.
    /// @return uint256 - The latest total weight.
    function getLastCheckpointTotalWeight() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalWeightHistory.latest();
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the last recorded threshold weight
    /// @return uint256 - The latest threshold weight.
    function getLastCheckpointThresholdWeight()
        external
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return _thresholdWeightHistory.latest();
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the operator's weight at a specific block number.
    /// @param _operator The address of the operator.
    /// @param _blockNumber The block number to get the operator weight for the quorum
    /// @return uint256 - The weight of the operator at the given block.
    function getOperatorWeightAtBlock(
        address _operator,
        uint32 _blockNumber
    ) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _operatorWeightHistory[_operator].getAtBlock(_blockNumber);
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the total weight at a specific block number.
    /// @param _blockNumber The block number to get the total weight for the quorum
    /// @return uint256 - The total weight at the given block.
    function getLastCheckpointTotalWeightAtBlock(
        uint32 _blockNumber
    ) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _totalWeightHistory.getAtBlock(_blockNumber);
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the threshold weight at a specific block number.
    /// @param _blockNumber The block number to get the threshold weight for the quorum
    /// @return uint256 - The threshold weight the given block.
    function getLastCheckpointThresholdWeightAtBlock(
        uint32 _blockNumber
    ) external view returns (uint256) {
        return _thresholdWeightHistory.getAtBlock(_blockNumber);
    }

    function operatorRegistered(
        address _operator
    ) external view returns (bool) {
        return _operatorRegistered[_operator];
    }

    /// @notice Returns the weight an operator must have to contribute to validating an AVS
    function minimumWeight() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _minimumWeight;
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the current weight of an operator based on their delegated stake in the strategies considered in the quorum
    /// @param _operator The address of the operator.
    /// @return uint256 - The current weight of the operator; returns 0 if below the threshold.
    function getOperatorWeight(
        address _operator
    ) public view returns (uint256) {
        StrategyParams[] memory strategyParams = _quorum.strategies;
        uint256 weight;
        IStrategy[] memory strategies = new IStrategy[](strategyParams.length);
        for (uint256 i; i < strategyParams.length; i++) {
            strategies[i] = strategyParams[i].strategy;
        }
        uint256[] memory shares = DELEGATION_MANAGER.getOperatorShares(
            _operator,
            strategies
        );
        for (uint256 i; i < strategyParams.length; i++) {
            weight += shares[i] * strategyParams[i].multiplier;
        }
        weight = weight / BPS;

        if (weight >= _minimumWeight) {
            return weight;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    /// @notice Initializes state for the StakeRegistry
    /// @param _serviceManagerAddr The AVS' ServiceManager contract's address
    function __ECDSAStakeRegistry_init(
        address _serviceManagerAddr,
        uint256 _thresholdWeight,
        Quorum memory _quorum
    ) internal onlyInitializing {
        _serviceManager = _serviceManagerAddr;
        _updateStakeThreshold(_thresholdWeight);
        _updateQuorumConfig(_quorum);
        __Ownable_init();
    }

    /// @notice Updates the set of operators for the first quorum.
    /// @param operatorsPerQuorum An array of operator address arrays, one for each quorum.
    /// @dev This interface maintains compatibility with avs-sync which handles multiquorums while this registry has a single quorum
    function updateOperatorsForQuorum(
        address[][] memory operatorsPerQuorum,
        bytes memory
    ) external {
        _updateAllOperators(operatorsPerQuorum[0]);
    }

    /// @dev Updates the list of operators if the provided list has the correct number of operators.
    /// Reverts if the provided list of operators does not match the expected total count of operators.
    /// @param _operators The list of operator addresses to update.
    function _updateAllOperators(address[] memory _operators) internal {
        if (_operators.length != _totalOperators) {
            revert MustUpdateAllOperators();
        }
        _updateOperators(_operators);
    }

    /// @dev Updates the weights for a given list of operator addresses.
    /// When passing an operator that isn't registered, then 0 is added to their history
    /// @param _operators An array of addresses for which to update the weights.
    function _updateOperators(address[] memory _operators) internal {
        int256 delta;
        for (uint256 i; i < _operators.length; i++) {
            delta += _updateOperatorWeight(_operators[i]);
        }
        _updateTotalWeight(delta);
    }

    /// @dev Updates the stake threshold weight and records the history.
    /// @param _thresholdWeight The new threshold weight to set and record in the history.
    function _updateStakeThreshold(uint256 _thresholdWeight) internal {
        _thresholdWeightHistory.push(_thresholdWeight);
        emit ThresholdWeightUpdated(_thresholdWeight);
    }

    /// @dev Updates the weight an operator must have to join the operator set
    /// @param _newMinimumWeight The new weight an operator must have to join the operator set
    function _updateMinimumWeight(uint256 _newMinimumWeight) internal {
        uint256 oldMinimumWeight = _minimumWeight;
        _minimumWeight = _newMinimumWeight;
        emit MinimumWeightUpdated(oldMinimumWeight, _newMinimumWeight);
    }

    /// @notice Updates the quorum configuration
    /// @dev Replaces the current quorum configuration with `_newQuorum` if valid.
    /// Reverts with `InvalidQuorum` if the new quorum configuration is not valid.
    /// Emits `QuorumUpdated` event with the old and new quorum configurations.
    /// @param _newQuorum The new quorum configuration to set.
    function _updateQuorumConfig(Quorum memory _newQuorum) internal {
        if (!_isValidQuorum(_newQuorum)) {
            revert InvalidQuorum();
        }
        Quorum memory oldQuorum = _quorum;
        delete _quorum;
        for (uint256 i; i < _newQuorum.strategies.length; i++) {
            _quorum.strategies.push(_newQuorum.strategies[i]);
        }
        emit QuorumUpdated(oldQuorum, _newQuorum);
    }

    /// @dev Internal function to deregister an operator
    /// @param _operator The operator's address to deregister
    function _deregisterOperator(address _operator) internal {
        if (!_operatorRegistered[_operator]) {
            revert OperatorNotRegistered();
        }
        _totalOperators--;
        delete _operatorRegistered[_operator];
        int256 delta = _updateOperatorWeight(_operator);
        _updateTotalWeight(delta);
        IServiceManager(_serviceManager).deregisterOperatorFromAVS(_operator);
        emit OperatorDeregistered(_operator, address(_serviceManager));
    }

    /// @dev registers an operator through a provided signature
    /// @param _operatorSignature Contains the operator's signature, salt, and expiry
    /// @param _signingKey The signing key to add to the operator's history
    function _registerOperatorWithSig(
        address _operator,
        ISignatureUtils.SignatureWithSaltAndExpiry memory _operatorSignature,
        address _signingKey
    ) internal virtual {
        if (_operatorRegistered[_operator]) {
            revert OperatorAlreadyRegistered();
        }
        _totalOperators++;
        _operatorRegistered[_operator] = true;
        int256 delta = _updateOperatorWeight(_operator);
        _updateTotalWeight(delta);
        _updateOperatorSigningKey(_operator, _signingKey);
        IServiceManager(_serviceManager).registerOperatorToAVS(
            _operator,
            _operatorSignature
        );
        emit OperatorRegistered(_operator, _serviceManager);
    }

    /// @dev Internal function to update an operator's signing key
    /// @param _operator The address of the operator to update the signing key for
    /// @param _newSigningKey The new signing key to set for the operator
    function _updateOperatorSigningKey(
        address _operator,
        address _newSigningKey
    ) internal {
        address oldSigningKey = address(
            uint160(_operatorSigningKeyHistory[_operator].latest())
        );
        if (_newSigningKey == oldSigningKey) {
            return;
        }
        _operatorSigningKeyHistory[_operator].push(uint160(_newSigningKey));
        emit SigningKeyUpdate(
            _operator,
            block.number,
            _newSigningKey,
            oldSigningKey
        );
    }

    /// @notice Updates the weight of an operator and returns the previous and current weights.
    /// @param _operator The address of the operator to update the weight of.
    function _updateOperatorWeight(
        address _operator
    ) internal virtual returns (int256) {
        int256 delta;
        uint256 newWeight;
        uint256 oldWeight = _operatorWeightHistory[_operator].latest();
        if (!_operatorRegistered[_operator]) {
            delta -= int256(oldWeight);
            if (delta == 0) {
                return delta;
            }
            _operatorWeightHistory[_operator].push(0);
        } else {
            newWeight = getOperatorWeight(_operator);
            delta = int256(newWeight) - int256(oldWeight);
            if (delta == 0) {
                return delta;
            }
            _operatorWeightHistory[_operator].push(newWeight);
        }
        emit OperatorWeightUpdated(_operator, oldWeight, newWeight);
        return delta;
    }

    /// @dev Internal function to update the total weight of the stake
    /// @param delta The change in stake applied last total weight
    /// @return oldTotalWeight The weight before the update
    /// @return newTotalWeight The updated weight after applying the delta
    function _updateTotalWeight(
        int256 delta
    ) internal returns (uint256 oldTotalWeight, uint256 newTotalWeight) {
        oldTotalWeight = _totalWeightHistory.latest();
        int256 newWeight = int256(oldTotalWeight) + delta;
        newTotalWeight = uint256(newWeight);
        _totalWeightHistory.push(newTotalWeight);
        emit TotalWeightUpdated(oldTotalWeight, newTotalWeight);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Verifies that a specified quorum configuration is valid. A valid quorum has:
     *      1. Weights that sum to exactly 10,000 basis points, ensuring proportional representation.
     *      2. Unique strategies without duplicates to maintain quorum integrity.
     * @param _quorum The quorum configuration to be validated.
     * @return bool True if the quorum configuration is valid, otherwise false.
     */
    function _isValidQuorum(
        Quorum memory _quorum
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        StrategyParams[] memory strategies = _quorum.strategies;
        address lastStrategy;
        address currentStrategy;
        uint256 totalMultiplier;
        for (uint256 i; i < strategies.length; i++) {
            currentStrategy = address(strategies[i].strategy);
            if (lastStrategy >= currentStrategy) revert NotSorted();
            lastStrategy = currentStrategy;
            totalMultiplier += strategies[i].multiplier;
        }
        if (totalMultiplier != BPS) {
            return false;
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Common logic to verify a batch of ECDSA signatures against a hash, using either last stake weight or at a specific block.
     * @param _dataHash The hash of the data the signers endorsed.
     * @param _operators A collection of addresses that endorsed the data hash.
     * @param _signatures A collection of signatures matching the signers.
     * @param _referenceBlock The block number for evaluating stake weight; use max uint32 for latest weight.
     */
    function _checkSignatures(
        bytes32 _dataHash,
        address[] memory _operators,
        bytes[] memory _signatures,
        uint32 _referenceBlock
    ) internal view {
        uint256 signersLength = _operators.length;
        address currentOperator;
        address lastOperator;
        address signer;
        uint256 signedWeight;

        _validateSignaturesLength(signersLength, _signatures.length);
        for (uint256 i; i < signersLength; i++) {
            currentOperator = _operators[i];
            signer = _getOperatorSigningKey(currentOperator, _referenceBlock);

            _validateSortedSigners(lastOperator, currentOperator);
            _validateSignature(signer, _dataHash, _signatures[i]);

            lastOperator = currentOperator;
            uint256 operatorWeight = _getOperatorWeight(
                currentOperator,
                _referenceBlock
            );
            signedWeight += operatorWeight;
        }

        _validateThresholdStake(signedWeight, _referenceBlock);
    }

    /// @notice Validates that the number of signers equals the number of signatures, and neither is zero.
    /// @param _signersLength The number of signers.
    /// @param _signaturesLength The number of signatures.
    function _validateSignaturesLength(
        uint256 _signersLength,
        uint256 _signaturesLength
    ) internal pure {
        if (_signersLength != _signaturesLength) {
            revert LengthMismatch();
        }
        if (_signersLength == 0) {
            revert InvalidLength();
        }
    }

    /// @notice Ensures that signers are sorted in ascending order by address.
    /// @param _lastSigner The address of the last signer.
    /// @param _currentSigner The address of the current signer.
    function _validateSortedSigners(
        address _lastSigner,
        address _currentSigner
    ) internal pure {
        if (_lastSigner >= _currentSigner) {
            revert NotSorted();
        }
    }

    /// @notice Validates a given signature against the signer's address and data hash.
    /// @param _signer The address of the signer to validate.
    /// @param _dataHash The hash of the data that is signed.
    /// @param _signature The signature to validate.
    function _validateSignature(
        address _signer,
        bytes32 _dataHash,
        bytes memory _signature
    ) internal view {
        if (!_signer.isValidSignatureNow(_dataHash, _signature)) {
            revert InvalidSignature();
        }
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the operator weight for a signer, either at the last checkpoint or a specified block.
    /// @param _operator The operator to query their signing key history for
    /// @param _referenceBlock The block number to query the operator's weight at, or the maximum uint32 value for the last checkpoint.
    /// @return The weight of the operator.
    function _getOperatorSigningKey(
        address _operator,
        uint32 _referenceBlock
    ) internal view returns (address) {
        if (_referenceBlock >= block.number) {
            revert InvalidReferenceBlock();
        }
        return
            address(
                uint160(
                    _operatorSigningKeyHistory[_operator].getAtBlock(
                        _referenceBlock
                    )
                )
            );
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the operator weight for a signer, either at the last checkpoint or a specified block.
    /// @param _signer The address of the signer whose weight is returned.
    /// @param _referenceBlock The block number to query the operator's weight at, or the maximum uint32 value for the last checkpoint.
    /// @return The weight of the operator.
    function _getOperatorWeight(
        address _signer,
        uint32 _referenceBlock
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (_referenceBlock >= block.number) {
            revert InvalidReferenceBlock();
        }
        return _operatorWeightHistory[_signer].getAtBlock(_referenceBlock);
    }

    /// @notice Retrieve the total stake weight at a specific block or the latest if not specified.
    /// @dev If the `_referenceBlock` is the maximum value for uint32, the latest total weight is returned.
    /// @param _referenceBlock The block number to retrieve the total stake weight from.
    /// @return The total stake weight at the given block or the latest if the given block is the max uint32 value.
    function _getTotalWeight(
        uint32 _referenceBlock
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (_referenceBlock >= block.number) {
            revert InvalidReferenceBlock();
        }
        return _totalWeightHistory.getAtBlock(_referenceBlock);
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the threshold stake for a given reference block.
    /// @param _referenceBlock The block number to query the threshold stake for.
    /// If set to the maximum uint32 value, it retrieves the latest threshold stake.
    /// @return The threshold stake in basis points for the reference block.
    function _getThresholdStake(
        uint32 _referenceBlock
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        if (_referenceBlock >= block.number) {
            revert InvalidReferenceBlock();
        }
        return _thresholdWeightHistory.getAtBlock(_referenceBlock);
    }

    /// @notice Validates that the cumulative stake of signed messages meets or exceeds the required threshold.
    /// @param _signedWeight The cumulative weight of the signers that have signed the message.
    /// @param _referenceBlock The block number to verify the stake threshold for
    function _validateThresholdStake(
        uint256 _signedWeight,
        uint32 _referenceBlock
    ) internal view {
        uint256 totalWeight = _getTotalWeight(_referenceBlock);
        if (_signedWeight > totalWeight) {
            revert InvalidSignedWeight();
        }
        uint256 thresholdStake = _getThresholdStake(_referenceBlock);
        if (thresholdStake > _signedWeight) {
            revert InsufficientSignedStake();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

import {IDelegationManager} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IDelegationManager.sol";
import {CheckpointsUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/CheckpointsUpgradeable.sol";
import {IECDSAStakeRegistryEventsAndErrors, Quorum, StrategyParams} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IECDSAStakeRegistryEventsAndErrors.sol";

/// @author Layr Labs, Inc.
abstract contract ECDSAStakeRegistryStorage is
    IECDSAStakeRegistryEventsAndErrors
{
    /// @notice Manages staking delegations through the DelegationManager interface
    IDelegationManager internal immutable DELEGATION_MANAGER;

    /// @dev The total amount of multipliers to weigh stakes
    uint256 internal constant BPS = 10_000;

    /// @notice The size of the current operator set
    uint256 internal _totalOperators;

    /// @notice Stores the current quorum configuration
    Quorum internal _quorum;

    /// @notice Specifies the weight required to become an operator
    uint256 internal _minimumWeight;

    /// @notice Holds the address of the service manager
    address internal _serviceManager;

    /// @notice Defines the duration after which the stake's weight expires.
    uint256 internal _stakeExpiry;

    /// @notice Maps an operator to their signing key history using checkpoints
    mapping(address => CheckpointsUpgradeable.History)
        internal _operatorSigningKeyHistory;

    /// @notice Tracks the total stake history over time using checkpoints
    CheckpointsUpgradeable.History internal _totalWeightHistory;

    /// @notice Tracks the threshold bps history using checkpoints
    CheckpointsUpgradeable.History internal _thresholdWeightHistory;

    /// @notice Maps operator addresses to their respective stake histories using checkpoints
    mapping(address => CheckpointsUpgradeable.History)
        internal _operatorWeightHistory;

    /// @notice Maps an operator to their registration status
    mapping(address => bool) internal _operatorRegistered;

    /// @param _delegationManager Connects this registry with the DelegationManager
    constructor(IDelegationManager _delegationManager) {
        DELEGATION_MANAGER = _delegationManager;
    }

    // slither-disable-next-line shadowing-state
    /// @dev Reserves storage slots for future upgrades
    // solhint-disable-next-line
    uint256[40] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {Enrollment, EnrollmentStatus, EnumerableMapEnrollment} from "../libs/EnumerableMapEnrollment.sol";
import {IAVSDirectory} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/IAVSDirectory.sol";
import {IRemoteChallenger} from "../interfaces/avs/IRemoteChallenger.sol";
import {ISlasher} from "../interfaces/avs/vendored/ISlasher.sol";
import {ECDSAServiceManagerBase} from "./ECDSAServiceManagerBase.sol";

contract HyperlaneServiceManager is ECDSAServiceManagerBase {
    // ============ Libraries ============

    using EnumerableMapEnrollment for EnumerableMapEnrollment.AddressToEnrollmentMap;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    // Slasher contract responsible for slashing operators
    // @dev slasher needs to be updated once slashing is implemented
    ISlasher internal slasher;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an operator is enrolled in a challenger
     * @param operator The address of the operator
     * @param challenger The address of the challenger
     */
    event OperatorEnrolledToChallenger(
        address operator,
        IRemoteChallenger challenger
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an operator is queued for unenrollment from a challenger
     * @param operator The address of the operator
     * @param challenger The address of the challenger
     * @param unenrollmentStartBlock The block number at which the unenrollment was queued
     * @param challengeDelayBlocks The number of blocks to wait before unenrollment is complete
     */
    event OperatorQueuedUnenrollmentFromChallenger(
        address operator,
        IRemoteChallenger challenger,
        uint256 unenrollmentStartBlock,
        uint256 challengeDelayBlocks
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an operator is unenrolled from a challenger
     * @param operator The address of the operator
     * @param challenger The address of the challenger
     * @param unenrollmentEndBlock The block number at which the unenrollment was completed
     */
    event OperatorUnenrolledFromChallenger(
        address operator,
        IRemoteChallenger challenger,
        uint256 unenrollmentEndBlock
    );

    // ============ Internal Storage ============

    // Mapping of operators to challengers they are enrolled in (enumerable required for remove-all)
    mapping(address => EnumerableMapEnrollment.AddressToEnrollmentMap)
        internal enrolledChallengers;

    // ============ Modifiers ============

    // Only allows the challenger the operator is enrolled in to call the function
    modifier onlyEnrolledChallenger(address operator) {
        (bool exists, ) = enrolledChallengers[operator].tryGet(msg.sender);
        require(
            exists,
            "HyperlaneServiceManager: Operator not enrolled in challenger"
        );
        _;
    }

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(
        address _avsDirectory,
        address _stakeRegistry,
        address _paymentCoordinator,
        address _delegationManager
    )
        ECDSAServiceManagerBase(
            _avsDirectory,
            _stakeRegistry,
            _paymentCoordinator,
            _delegationManager
        )
    {}

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the HyperlaneServiceManager contract with the owner address
     */
    function initialize(address _owner) public initializer {
        __ServiceManagerBase_init(_owner);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Enrolls as an operator into a list of challengers
     * @param _challengers The list of challengers to enroll into
     */
    function enrollIntoChallengers(
        IRemoteChallenger[] memory _challengers
    ) external {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _challengers.length; i++) {
            enrollIntoChallenger(_challengers[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice starts an operator for unenrollment from a list of challengers
     * @param _challengers The list of challengers to unenroll from
     */
    function startUnenrollment(
        IRemoteChallenger[] memory _challengers
    ) external {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _challengers.length; i++) {
            startUnenrollment(_challengers[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Completes the unenrollment of an operator from a list of challengers
     * @param _challengers The list of challengers to unenroll from
     */
    function completeUnenrollment(address[] memory _challengers) external {
        _completeUnenrollment(msg.sender, _challengers);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the slasher contract responsible for slashing operators
     * @param _slasher The address of the slasher contract
     */
    function setSlasher(ISlasher _slasher) external onlyOwner {
        slasher = _slasher;
    }

    /**
     * @notice returns the status of a challenger an operator is enrolled in
     * @param _operator The address of the operator
     * @param _challenger specified IRemoteChallenger contract
     */
    function getChallengerEnrollment(
        address _operator,
        IRemoteChallenger _challenger
    ) external view returns (Enrollment memory enrollment) {
        return enrolledChallengers[_operator].get(address(_challenger));
    }

    /**
     * @notice forwards a call to the Slasher contract to freeze an operator
     * @param operator The address of the operator to freeze.
     * @dev only the enrolled challengers can call this function
     */
    function freezeOperator(
        address operator
    ) external virtual onlyEnrolledChallenger(operator) {
        slasher.freezeOperator(operator);
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice returns the list of challengers an operator is enrolled in
     * @param _operator The address of the operator
     */
    function getOperatorChallengers(
        address _operator
    ) public view returns (address[] memory) {
        return enrolledChallengers[_operator].keys();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Enrolls as an operator into a single challenger
     * @param challenger The challenger to enroll into
     */
    function enrollIntoChallenger(IRemoteChallenger challenger) public {
        require(
            enrolledChallengers[msg.sender].set(
                address(challenger),
                Enrollment(EnrollmentStatus.ENROLLED, 0)
            )
        );
        emit OperatorEnrolledToChallenger(msg.sender, challenger);
    }

    /**
     * @notice starts an operator for unenrollment from a challenger
     * @param challenger The challenger to unenroll from
     */
    function startUnenrollment(IRemoteChallenger challenger) public {
        (bool exists, Enrollment memory enrollment) = enrolledChallengers[
            msg.sender
        ].tryGet(address(challenger));
        require(
            exists && enrollment.status == EnrollmentStatus.ENROLLED,
            "HyperlaneServiceManager: challenger isn't enrolled"
        );

        enrolledChallengers[msg.sender].set(
            address(challenger),
            Enrollment(
                EnrollmentStatus.PENDING_UNENROLLMENT,
                uint248(block.number)
            )
        );
        emit OperatorQueuedUnenrollmentFromChallenger(
            msg.sender,
            challenger,
            block.number,
            challenger.challengeDelayBlocks()
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Completes the unenrollment of an operator from a challenger
     * @param challenger The challenger to unenroll from
     */
    function completeUnenrollment(address challenger) public {
        _completeUnenrollment(msg.sender, challenger);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Completes the unenrollment of an operator from a list of challengers
     * @param operator The address of the operator
     * @param _challengers The list of challengers to unenroll from
     */
    function _completeUnenrollment(
        address operator,
        address[] memory _challengers
    ) internal {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _challengers.length; i++) {
            _completeUnenrollment(operator, _challengers[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Completes the unenrollment of an operator from a challenger
     * @param operator The address of the operator
     * @param _challenger The challenger to unenroll from
     */
    function _completeUnenrollment(
        address operator,
        address _challenger
    ) internal {
        IRemoteChallenger challenger = IRemoteChallenger(_challenger);
        (bool exists, Enrollment memory enrollment) = enrolledChallengers[
            operator
        ].tryGet(address(challenger));

        require(
            exists &&
                enrollment.status == EnrollmentStatus.PENDING_UNENROLLMENT &&
                block.number >=
                enrollment.unenrollmentStartBlock +
                    challenger.challengeDelayBlocks(),
            "HyperlaneServiceManager: Invalid unenrollment"
        );

        enrolledChallengers[operator].remove(address(challenger));
        emit OperatorUnenrolledFromChallenger(
            operator,
            challenger,
            block.number
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ECDSAServiceManagerBase
    function _deregisterOperatorFromAVS(
        address operator
    ) internal virtual override {
        address[] memory challengers = getOperatorChallengers(operator);
        _completeUnenrollment(operator, challengers);

        IAVSDirectory(avsDirectory).deregisterOperatorFromAVS(operator);
        emit OperatorDeregisteredFromAVS(operator);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import {Router} from "./Router.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "../hooks/libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";

abstract contract GasRouter is Router {
    // ============ Mutable Storage ============
    mapping(uint32 => uint256) public destinationGas;

    struct GasRouterConfig {
        uint32 domain;
        uint256 gas;
    }

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Sets the gas amount dispatched for each configured domain.
     * @param gasConfigs The array of GasRouterConfig structs
     */
    function setDestinationGas(
        GasRouterConfig[] calldata gasConfigs
    ) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < gasConfigs.length; i += 1) {
            _setDestinationGas(gasConfigs[i].domain, gasConfigs[i].gas);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the gas amount dispatched for each configured domain.
     * @param domain The destination domain ID
     * @param gas The gas limit
     */
    function setDestinationGas(uint32 domain, uint256 gas) external onlyOwner {
        _setDestinationGas(domain, gas);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the gas payment required to dispatch a message to the given domain's router.
     * @param _destinationDomain The domain of the router.
     * @return _gasPayment Payment computed by the registered InterchainGasPaymaster.
     */
    function quoteGasPayment(
        uint32 _destinationDomain
    ) external view returns (uint256 _gasPayment) {
        return _quoteDispatch(_destinationDomain, "");
    }

    function _metadata(
        uint32 _destination
    ) internal view virtual override returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            StandardHookMetadata.overrideGasLimit(destinationGas[_destination]);
    }

    function _setDestinationGas(uint32 domain, uint256 gas) internal {
        destinationGas[domain] = gas;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IMailbox} from "../interfaces/IMailbox.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";

abstract contract MailboxClient is OwnableUpgradeable {
    using Message for bytes;

    IMailbox public immutable mailbox;

    uint32 public immutable localDomain;

    IPostDispatchHook public hook;

    IInterchainSecurityModule public interchainSecurityModule;

    uint256[48] private __GAP; // gap for upgrade safety

    // ============ Modifiers ============
    modifier onlyContract(address _contract) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_contract),
            "MailboxClient: invalid mailbox"
        );
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyContractOrNull(address _contract) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_contract) || _contract == address(0),
            "MailboxClient: invalid contract setting"
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Only accept messages from an Hyperlane Mailbox contract
     */
    modifier onlyMailbox() {
        require(
            msg.sender == address(mailbox),
            "MailboxClient: sender not mailbox"
        );
        _;
    }

    constructor(address _mailbox) onlyContract(_mailbox) {
        mailbox = IMailbox(_mailbox);
        localDomain = mailbox.localDomain();
        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the address of the application's custom hook.
     * @param _hook The address of the hook contract.
     */
    function setHook(address _hook) public onlyContractOrNull(_hook) onlyOwner {
        hook = IPostDispatchHook(_hook);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the address of the application's custom interchain security module.
     * @param _module The address of the interchain security module contract.
     */
    function setInterchainSecurityModule(
        address _module
    ) public onlyContractOrNull(_module) onlyOwner {
        interchainSecurityModule = IInterchainSecurityModule(_module);
    }

    // ======== Initializer =========
    function _MailboxClient_initialize(
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init();
        setHook(_hook);
        setInterchainSecurityModule(_interchainSecurityModule);
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    function _isLatestDispatched(bytes32 id) internal view returns (bool) {
        return mailbox.latestDispatchedId() == id;
    }

    function _isDelivered(bytes32 id) internal view returns (bool) {
        return mailbox.delivered(id);
    }

    function _metadata(
        uint32 /*_destinationDomain*/
    ) internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
        return "";
    }

    function _dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return
            _dispatch(_destinationDomain, _recipient, msg.value, _messageBody);
    }

    function _dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return
            mailbox.dispatch{value: _value}(
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipient,
                _messageBody,
                _metadata(_destinationDomain),
                hook
            );
    }

    function _dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _messageBody,
        bytes memory _hookMetadata,
        IPostDispatchHook _hook
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return
            mailbox.dispatch{value: _value}(
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipient,
                _messageBody,
                _hookMetadata,
                _hook
            );
    }

    function _quoteDispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return
            mailbox.quoteDispatch(
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipient,
                _messageBody,
                _metadata(_destinationDomain),
                hook
            );
    }

    function _quoteDispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes memory _messageBody,
        bytes calldata _hookMetadata,
        IPostDispatchHook _hook
    ) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return
            mailbox.quoteDispatch(
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipient,
                _messageBody,
                _hookMetadata,
                _hook
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IMessageRecipient} from "../interfaces/IMessageRecipient.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "./MailboxClient.sol";
import {EnumerableMapExtended} from "../libs/EnumerableMapExtended.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Strings} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

abstract contract Router is MailboxClient, IMessageRecipient {
    using EnumerableMapExtended for EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map;
    using Strings for uint32;

    // ============ Mutable Storage ============
    EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map internal _routers;

    uint256[48] private __GAP; // gap for upgrade safety

    constructor(address _mailbox) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {}

    // ============ External functions ============
    function domains() external view returns (uint32[] memory) {
        return _routers.uint32Keys();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the address of the Router contract for the given domain
     * @param _domain The remote domain ID.
     * @dev Returns 0 address if no router is enrolled for the given domain
     * @return router The address of the Router contract for the given domain
     */
    function routers(uint32 _domain) public view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        (, bytes32 _router) = _routers.tryGet(_domain);
        return _router;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Unregister the domain
     * @param _domain The domain of the remote Application Router
     */
    function unenrollRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain) external virtual onlyOwner {
        _unenrollRemoteRouter(_domain);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Register the address of a Router contract for the same Application on a remote chain
     * @param _domain The domain of the remote Application Router
     * @param _router The address of the remote Application Router
     */
    function enrollRemoteRouter(
        uint32 _domain,
        bytes32 _router
    ) external virtual onlyOwner {
        _enrollRemoteRouter(_domain, _router);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Batch version of `enrollRemoteRouter`
     * @param _domains The domains of the remote Application Routers
     * @param _addresses The addresses of the remote Application Routers
     */
    function enrollRemoteRouters(
        uint32[] calldata _domains,
        bytes32[] calldata _addresses
    ) external virtual onlyOwner {
        require(_domains.length == _addresses.length, "!length");
        uint256 length = _domains.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
            _enrollRemoteRouter(_domains[i], _addresses[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Batch version of `unenrollRemoteRouter`
     * @param _domains The domains of the remote Application Routers
     */
    function unenrollRemoteRouters(
        uint32[] calldata _domains
    ) external virtual onlyOwner {
        uint256 length = _domains.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
            _unenrollRemoteRouter(_domains[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Handles an incoming message
     * @param _origin The origin domain
     * @param _sender The sender address
     * @param _message The message
     */
    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable virtual override onlyMailbox {
        bytes32 _router = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_origin);
        require(_router == _sender, "Enrolled router does not match sender");
        _handle(_origin, _sender, _message);
    }

    // ============ Virtual functions ============
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal virtual;

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Set the router for a given domain
     * @param _domain The domain
     * @param _address The new router
     */
    function _enrollRemoteRouter(
        uint32 _domain,
        bytes32 _address
    ) internal virtual {
        _routers.set(_domain, _address);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Remove the router for a given domain
     * @param _domain The domain
     */
    function _unenrollRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain) internal virtual {
        require(_routers.remove(_domain), _domainNotFoundError(_domain));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Return true if the given domain / router is the address of a remote Application Router
     * @param _domain The domain of the potential remote Application Router
     * @param _address The address of the potential remote Application Router
     */
    function _isRemoteRouter(
        uint32 _domain,
        bytes32 _address
    ) internal view returns (bool) {
        return routers(_domain) == _address;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Assert that the given domain has a Application Router registered and return its address
     * @param _domain The domain of the chain for which to get the Application Router
     * @return _router The address of the remote Application Router on _domain
     */
    function _mustHaveRemoteRouter(
        uint32 _domain
    ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        (bool contained, bytes32 _router) = _routers.tryGet(_domain);
        require(contained, _domainNotFoundError(_domain));
        return _router;
    }

    function _domainNotFoundError(
        uint32 _domain
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return
            string.concat(
                "No router enrolled for domain: ",
                _domain.toString()
            );
    }

    function _dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return _dispatch(_destinationDomain, msg.value, _messageBody);
    }

    function _dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _router = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destinationDomain);
        return
            super._dispatch(_destinationDomain, _router, _value, _messageBody);
    }

    function _quoteDispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes memory _messageBody
    ) internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        bytes32 _router = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destinationDomain);
        return super._quoteDispatch(_destinationDomain, _router, _messageBody);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {IMessageDispatcher} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IMessageDispatcher.sol";
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthHook} from "../libs/AbstractMessageIdAuthHook.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title 5164MessageHook
 * @notice Message hook to inform the 5164 ISM of messages published through
 * any of the 5164 adapters.
 */
contract ERC5164Hook is AbstractMessageIdAuthHook {
    IMessageDispatcher public immutable dispatcher;

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _ism,
        address _dispatcher
    ) AbstractMessageIdAuthHook(_mailbox, _destinationDomain, _ism) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_dispatcher),
            "ERC5164Hook: invalid dispatcher"
        );
        dispatcher = IMessageDispatcher(_dispatcher);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal pure override returns (uint256) {
        return 0; // EIP-5164 doesn't enforce a gas abstraction
    }

    function _sendMessageId(
        bytes calldata,
        /* metadata */
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal override {
        require(msg.value == 0, "ERC5164Hook: no value allowed");
        dispatcher.dispatchMessage(
            destinationDomain,
            TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(ism),
            payload
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "../libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {MetaProxy} from "../../libs/MetaProxy.sol";

contract StaticAggregationHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook {
    // ============ External functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.AGGREGATION);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override {
        address[] memory _hooks = hooks(message);
        uint256 count = _hooks.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            uint256 quote = IPostDispatchHook(_hooks[i]).quoteDispatch(
                metadata,
                message
            );

            IPostDispatchHook(_hooks[i]).postDispatch{value: quote}(
                metadata,
                message
            );
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal view override returns (uint256) {
        address[] memory _hooks = hooks(message);
        uint256 count = _hooks.length;
        uint256 total = 0;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            total += IPostDispatchHook(_hooks[i]).quoteDispatch(
                metadata,
                message
            );
        }
        return total;
    }

    function hooks(bytes calldata) public pure returns (address[] memory) {
        return abi.decode(MetaProxy.metadata(), (address[]));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {StaticAggregationHook} from "./StaticAggregationHook.sol";
import {StaticAddressSetFactory} from "../../libs/StaticAddressSetFactory.sol";

contract StaticAggregationHookFactory is StaticAddressSetFactory {
    function _deployImplementation()
        internal
        virtual
        override
        returns (address)
    {
        return address(new StaticAggregationHook());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "../libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";
import {IGasOracle} from "../../interfaces/IGasOracle.sol";
import {IInterchainGasPaymaster} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainGasPaymaster.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "../libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {Indexed} from "../../libs/Indexed.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Strings} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title InterchainGasPaymaster
 * @notice Manages payments on a source chain to cover gas costs of relaying
 * messages to destination chains and includes the gas overhead per destination
 * @dev The intended use of this contract is to store overhead gas amounts for destination
 * domains, e.g. Mailbox and ISM gas usage, such that users of this IGP are only required
 * to specify the gas amount used by their own applications.
 */
contract InterchainGasPaymaster is
    IInterchainGasPaymaster,
    AbstractPostDispatchHook,
    IGasOracle,
    Indexed,
    OwnableUpgradeable
{
    using Address for address payable;
    using Message for bytes;
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;
    // ============ Constants ============

    /// @notice The scale of gas oracle token exchange rates.
    uint256 internal constant TOKEN_EXCHANGE_RATE_SCALE = 1e10;
    /// @notice default for user call if metadata not provided
    uint256 internal immutable DEFAULT_GAS_USAGE = 50_000;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice Destination domain => gas oracle and overhead gas amount.
    mapping(uint32 => DomainGasConfig) public destinationGasConfigs;

    /// @notice The benficiary that can receive native tokens paid into this contract.
    address public beneficiary;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the gas oracle for a remote domain is set.
     * @param remoteDomain The remote domain.
     * @param gasOracle The gas oracle.
     * @param gasOverhead The destination gas overhead.
     */
    event DestinationGasConfigSet(
        uint32 remoteDomain,
        address gasOracle,
        uint96 gasOverhead
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the beneficiary is set.
     * @param beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    event BeneficiarySet(address beneficiary);

    struct DomainGasConfig {
        IGasOracle gasOracle;
        uint96 gasOverhead;
    }

    struct GasParam {
        uint32 remoteDomain;
        DomainGasConfig config;
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.INTERCHAIN_GAS_PAYMASTER);
    }

    /**
     * @param _owner The owner of the contract.
     * @param _beneficiary The beneficiary.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        address _beneficiary
    ) public initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
        _setBeneficiary(_beneficiary);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Transfers the entire native token balance to the beneficiary.
     * @dev The beneficiary must be able to receive native tokens.
     */
    function claim() external {
        // Transfer the entire balance to the beneficiary.
        (bool success, ) = beneficiary.call{value: address(this).balance}("");
        require(success, "IGP: claim failed");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the gas oracles for remote domains specified in the config array.
     * @param _configs An array of configs including the remote domain and gas oracles to set.
     */
    function setDestinationGasConfigs(
        GasParam[] calldata _configs
    ) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 _len = _configs.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
            _setDestinationGasConfig(
                _configs[i].remoteDomain,
                _configs[i].config.gasOracle,
                _configs[i].config.gasOverhead
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the beneficiary.
     * @param _beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    function setBeneficiary(address _beneficiary) external onlyOwner {
        _setBeneficiary(_beneficiary);
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Deposits msg.value as a payment for the relaying of a message
     * to its destination chain.
     * @dev Overpayment will result in a refund of native tokens to the _refundAddress.
     * Callers should be aware that this may present reentrancy issues.
     * @param _messageId The ID of the message to pay for.
     * @param _destinationDomain The domain of the message's destination chain.
     * @param _gasLimit The amount of destination gas to pay for.
     * @param _refundAddress The address to refund any overpayment to.
     */
    function payForGas(
        bytes32 _messageId,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        address _refundAddress
    ) public payable override {
        uint256 _requiredPayment = quoteGasPayment(
            _destinationDomain,
            _gasLimit
        );
        require(
            msg.value >= _requiredPayment,
            "IGP: insufficient interchain gas payment"
        );
        uint256 _overpayment = msg.value - _requiredPayment;
        if (_overpayment > 0) {
            require(_refundAddress != address(0), "no refund address");
            payable(_refundAddress).sendValue(_overpayment);
        }

        emit GasPayment(
            _messageId,
            _destinationDomain,
            _gasLimit,
            _requiredPayment
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Quotes the amount of native tokens to pay for interchain gas.
     * @param _destinationDomain The domain of the message's destination chain.
     * @param _gasLimit The amount of destination gas to pay for.
     * @return The amount of native tokens required to pay for interchain gas.
     */
    function quoteGasPayment(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _gasLimit
    ) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        // Get the gas data for the destination domain.
        (
            uint128 _tokenExchangeRate,
            uint128 _gasPrice
        ) = getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(_destinationDomain);

        // The total cost quoted in destination chain's native token.
        uint256 _destinationGasCost = _gasLimit * uint256(_gasPrice);

        // Convert to the local native token.
        return
            (_destinationGasCost * _tokenExchangeRate) /
            TOKEN_EXCHANGE_RATE_SCALE;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the token exchange rate and gas price from the configured gas oracle
     * for a given destination domain.
     * @param _destinationDomain The destination domain.
     * @return tokenExchangeRate The exchange rate of the remote native token quoted in the local native token.
     * @return gasPrice The gas price on the remote chain.
     */
    function getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(
        uint32 _destinationDomain
    )
        public
        view
        override
        returns (uint128 tokenExchangeRate, uint128 gasPrice)
    {
        IGasOracle _gasOracle = destinationGasConfigs[_destinationDomain]
            .gasOracle;

        require(
            address(_gasOracle) != address(0),
            string.concat(
                "Configured IGP doesn't support domain ",
                Strings.toString(_destinationDomain)
            )
        );

        return _gasOracle.getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(_destinationDomain);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the stored destinationGasOverhead added to the _gasLimit.
     * @dev If there is no stored destinationGasOverhead, 0 is used. This is useful in the case
     *      the ISM deployer wants to subsidize the overhead gas cost. Then, can specify the gas oracle
     *      they want to use with the destination domain, but set the overhead to 0.
     * @param _destinationDomain The domain of the message's destination chain.
     * @param _gasLimit The amount of destination gas to pay for. This is only for application gas usage as
     *      the gas usage for the mailbox and the ISM is already accounted in the DomainGasConfig.gasOverhead
     */
    function destinationGasLimit(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _gasLimit
    ) public view returns (uint256) {
        return
            uint256(destinationGasConfigs[_destinationDomain].gasOverhead) +
            _gasLimit;
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override {
        payForGas(
            message.id(),
            message.destination(),
            destinationGasLimit(
                message.destination(),
                metadata.gasLimit(DEFAULT_GAS_USAGE)
            ),
            metadata.refundAddress(message.senderAddress())
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal view override returns (uint256) {
        return
            quoteGasPayment(
                message.destination(),
                destinationGasLimit(
                    message.destination(),
                    metadata.gasLimit(DEFAULT_GAS_USAGE)
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the beneficiary.
     * @param _beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    function _setBeneficiary(address _beneficiary) internal {
        beneficiary = _beneficiary;
        emit BeneficiarySet(_beneficiary);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the gas oracle and destination gas overhead for a remote domain.
     * @param _remoteDomain The remote domain.
     * @param _gasOracle The gas oracle.
     * @param _gasOverhead The destination gas overhead.
     */
    function _setDestinationGasConfig(
        uint32 _remoteDomain,
        IGasOracle _gasOracle,
        uint96 _gasOverhead
    ) internal {
        destinationGasConfigs[_remoteDomain] = DomainGasConfig(
            _gasOracle,
            _gasOverhead
        );
        emit DestinationGasConfigSet(
            _remoteDomain,
            address(_gasOracle),
            _gasOverhead
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IGasOracle} from "../../interfaces/IGasOracle.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

/**
 * @notice A gas oracle that uses data stored within the contract.
 * @dev This contract is intended to be owned by an address that will
 * update the stored remote gas data.
 */
contract StorageGasOracle is IGasOracle, Ownable {
    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice Keyed by remote domain, gas data on that remote domain.
    mapping(uint32 => IGasOracle.RemoteGasData) public remoteGasData;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an entry in `remoteGasData` is set.
     * @param remoteDomain The remote domain in which the gas data was set for.
     * @param tokenExchangeRate The exchange rate of the remote native token quoted in the local native token.
     * @param gasPrice The gas price on the remote chain.
     */
    event RemoteGasDataSet(
        uint32 indexed remoteDomain,
        uint128 tokenExchangeRate,
        uint128 gasPrice
    );

    struct RemoteGasDataConfig {
        uint32 remoteDomain;
        uint128 tokenExchangeRate;
        uint128 gasPrice;
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Returns the stored `remoteGasData` for the `_destinationDomain`.
     * @param _destinationDomain The destination domain.
     * @return tokenExchangeRate The exchange rate of the remote native token quoted in the local native token.
     * @return gasPrice The gas price on the remote chain.
     */
    function getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(
        uint32 _destinationDomain
    )
        external
        view
        override
        returns (uint128 tokenExchangeRate, uint128 gasPrice)
    {
        // Intentionally allow unset / zero values
        IGasOracle.RemoteGasData memory _data = remoteGasData[
            _destinationDomain
        ];
        return (_data.tokenExchangeRate, _data.gasPrice);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the remote gas data for many remotes at a time.
     * @param _configs The configs to use when setting the remote gas data.
     */
    function setRemoteGasDataConfigs(
        RemoteGasDataConfig[] calldata _configs
    ) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 _len = _configs.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
            _setRemoteGasData(_configs[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the remote gas data using the values in `_config`.
     * @param _config The config to use when setting the remote gas data.
     */
    function setRemoteGasData(
        RemoteGasDataConfig calldata _config
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _setRemoteGasData(_config);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Sets the remote gas data using the values in `_config`.
     * @param _config The config to use when setting the remote gas data.
     */
    function _setRemoteGasData(RemoteGasDataConfig calldata _config) internal {
        remoteGasData[_config.remoteDomain] = IGasOracle.RemoteGasData({
            tokenExchangeRate: _config.tokenExchangeRate,
            gasPrice: _config.gasPrice
        });

        emit RemoteGasDataSet(
            _config.remoteDomain,
            _config.tokenExchangeRate,
            _config.gasPrice
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/
import {ILayerZeroEndpoint} from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-v1-0.7/contracts/interfaces/ILayerZeroEndpoint.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "../../client/MailboxClient.sol";
import {Indexed} from "../../libs/Indexed.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "../libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "../libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";

struct LayerZeroMetadata {
    /// @dev the destination chain identifier
    uint16 dstChainId;
    /// @dev the user app address on this EVM chain. Contract address that calls Endpoint.send(). Used for LZ user app config lookup
    address userApplication;
    /// @dev if the source transaction is cheaper than the amount of value passed, refund the additional amount to this address
    address refundAddress;
    /// @dev the custom message to send over LayerZero
    bytes payload;
    /// @dev the address on destination chain (in bytes). A 40 length byte with remote and local addresses concatenated.
    bytes destination;
    /// @dev  parameters for the adapter service, e.g. send some dust native token to dstChain
    bytes adapterParam;
}

contract LayerZeroV1Hook is AbstractPostDispatchHook, MailboxClient {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;
    using Message for bytes;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    ILayerZeroEndpoint public immutable lZEndpoint;

    constructor(address _mailbox, address _lZEndpoint) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {
        lZEndpoint = ILayerZeroEndpoint(_lZEndpoint);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.LAYER_ZERO_V1);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal virtual override {
        // ensure hook only dispatches messages that are dispatched by the mailbox
        bytes32 id = message.id();
        require(_isLatestDispatched(id), "message not dispatched by mailbox");

        bytes calldata lZMetadata = metadata.getCustomMetadata();
        LayerZeroMetadata memory layerZeroMetadata = parseLzMetadata(
            lZMetadata
        );
        lZEndpoint.send{value: msg.value}(
            layerZeroMetadata.dstChainId,
            layerZeroMetadata.destination,
            layerZeroMetadata.payload,
            payable(layerZeroMetadata.refundAddress),
            address(0), // _zroPaymentAddress is hardcoded to addr(0) because zro tokens should not be directly accepted
            layerZeroMetadata.adapterParam
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal view virtual override returns (uint256 nativeFee) {
        bytes calldata lZMetadata = metadata.getCustomMetadata();
        LayerZeroMetadata memory layerZeroMetadata = parseLzMetadata(
            lZMetadata
        );
        (nativeFee, ) = lZEndpoint.estimateFees(
            layerZeroMetadata.dstChainId,
            layerZeroMetadata.userApplication,
            layerZeroMetadata.payload,
            false, // _payInZRO is hardcoded to false because zro tokens should not be directly accepted
            layerZeroMetadata.adapterParam
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats LayerZero metadata using default abi encoding
     * @param layerZeroMetadata LayerZero specific metadata
     * @return ABI encoded metadata
     */
    function formatLzMetadata(
        LayerZeroMetadata calldata layerZeroMetadata
    ) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encode(layerZeroMetadata);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Decodes LayerZero metadata. Should be used after formatLzMetadata()
     * @param lZMetadata ABI encoded metadata
     */
    function parseLzMetadata(
        bytes calldata lZMetadata
    ) public pure returns (LayerZeroMetadata memory parsedLayerZeroMetadata) {
        (parsedLayerZeroMetadata) = abi.decode(lZMetadata, (LayerZeroMetadata));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/
import {MessagingParams, MessagingFee, ILayerZeroEndpointV2} from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/interfaces/ILayerZeroEndpointV2.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {Indexed} from "../../libs/Indexed.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthHook} from "../libs/AbstractMessageIdAuthHook.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "../libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";

struct LayerZeroV2Metadata {
    /// @dev the endpoint Id. prev dstChainId
    uint32 eid;
    /// @dev if the source transaction is cheaper than the amount of value passed, refund the additional amount to this address
    address refundAddress;
    /// @dev  parameters for the adapter service, e.g. send some dust native token to dstChain. prev adapterParam
    bytes options;
}

contract LayerZeroV2Hook is AbstractMessageIdAuthHook {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;
    using Message for bytes;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    ILayerZeroEndpointV2 public immutable lZEndpoint;

    /// @dev offset for Layer Zero metadata parsing
    uint8 constant EID_OFFSET = 0;
    uint8 constant REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET = 4;
    uint8 constant OPTIONS_OFFSET = 24;

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _ism,
        address _lZEndpoint
    ) AbstractMessageIdAuthHook(_mailbox, _destinationDomain, _ism) {
        lZEndpoint = ILayerZeroEndpointV2(_lZEndpoint);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractMessageIdAuthHook
    function _sendMessageId(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal override {
        bytes calldata lZMetadata = metadata.getCustomMetadata();
        (
            uint32 eid,
            address refundAddress,
            bytes memory options
        ) = parseLzMetadata(lZMetadata);

        // Build and send message
        MessagingParams memory msgParams = MessagingParams(
            eid,
            ism,
            payload,
            options,
            false // payInLzToken
        );
        lZEndpoint.send{value: msg.value}(msgParams, refundAddress);
    }

    /// @dev payInZRO is hardcoded to false because zro tokens should not be directly accepted
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        bytes calldata lZMetadata = metadata.getCustomMetadata();
        (uint32 eid, , bytes memory options) = parseLzMetadata(lZMetadata);

        // Build and quote message
        MessagingParams memory msgParams = MessagingParams(
            eid,
            message.recipient(),
            message.body(),
            options,
            false // payInLzToken
        );
        MessagingFee memory msgFee = lZEndpoint.quote(
            msgParams,
            message.senderAddress()
        );

        return msgFee.nativeFee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats LayerZero metadata using default abi encoding
     * @param layerZeroMetadata LayerZero specific metadata
     * @return ABI encoded metadata
     */
    function formatLzMetadata(
        LayerZeroV2Metadata calldata layerZeroMetadata
    ) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodePacked(
                layerZeroMetadata.eid,
                layerZeroMetadata.refundAddress,
                layerZeroMetadata.options
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Decodes LayerZero metadata. Should be used after formatLzMetadata()
     * @param lZMetadata ABI encoded metadata
     */
    function parseLzMetadata(
        bytes calldata lZMetadata
    )
        public
        pure
        returns (uint32 eid, address refundAddress, bytes memory options)
    {
        eid = uint32(bytes4(lZMetadata[EID_OFFSET:REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET]));
        refundAddress = address(
            bytes20(lZMetadata[REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET:OPTIONS_OFFSET])
        );
        options = lZMetadata[OPTIONS_OFFSET:];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "./AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm} from "../../isms/hook/AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "./StandardHookMetadata.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "../../client/MailboxClient.sol";

/**
 * @title AbstractMessageIdAuthHook
 * @notice Message hook to inform an Abstract Message ID ISM of messages published through
 * a third-party bridge.
 */
abstract contract AbstractMessageIdAuthHook is
    AbstractPostDispatchHook,
    MailboxClient
{
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;
    using Message for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    // left-padded address for ISM to verify messages
    bytes32 public immutable ism;
    // Domain of chain on which the ISM is deployed
    uint32 public immutable destinationDomain;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _ism
    ) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {
        require(_ism != bytes32(0), "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: invalid ISM");
        require(
            _destinationDomain != 0,
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: invalid destination domain"
        );
        ism = _ism;
        destinationDomain = _destinationDomain;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.ID_AUTH_ISM);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override {
        bytes32 id = message.id();
        require(
            _isLatestDispatched(id),
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: message not latest dispatched"
        );
        require(
            message.destination() == destinationDomain,
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: invalid destination domain"
        );
        require(
            metadata.msgValue(0) < 2 ** 255,
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthHook: msgValue must be less than 2 ** 255"
        );
        bytes memory payload = abi.encodeCall(
            AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.verifyMessageId,
            id
        );
        _sendMessageId(metadata, payload);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Send a message to the ISM.
     * @param metadata The metadata for the hook caller
     * @param payload The payload for call to the ISM
     */
    function _sendMessageId(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal virtual;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "./StandardHookMetadata.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";

/**
 * @title AbstractPostDispatch
 * @notice Abstract post dispatch hook supporting the current global hook metadata variant.
 */
abstract contract AbstractPostDispatchHook is IPostDispatchHook {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ External functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function supportsMetadata(
        bytes calldata metadata
    ) public pure virtual override returns (bool) {
        return
            metadata.length == 0 ||
            metadata.variant() == StandardHookMetadata.VARIANT;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) external payable override {
        require(
            supportsMetadata(metadata),
            "AbstractPostDispatchHook: invalid metadata variant"
        );
        _postDispatch(metadata, message);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) public view override returns (uint256) {
        require(
            supportsMetadata(metadata),
            "AbstractPostDispatchHook: invalid metadata variant"
        );
        return _quoteDispatch(metadata, message);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Post dispatch hook implementation.
     * @param metadata The metadata of the message being dispatched.
     * @param message The message being dispatched.
     */
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @notice Quote dispatch hook implementation.
     * @param metadata The metadata of the message being dispatched.
     * @param message The message being dispatched.
     * @return The quote for the dispatch.
     */
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal view virtual returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

/**
 * Format of metadata:
 *
 * [0:2] variant
 * [2:34] msg.value
 * [34:66] Gas limit for message (IGP)
 * [66:86] Refund address for message (IGP)
 * [86:] Custom metadata
 */
library StandardHookMetadata {
    struct Metadata {
        uint16 variant;
        uint256 msgValue;
        uint256 gasLimit;
        address refundAddress;
    }

    uint8 private constant VARIANT_OFFSET = 0;
    uint8 private constant MSG_VALUE_OFFSET = 2;
    uint8 private constant GAS_LIMIT_OFFSET = 34;
    uint8 private constant REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET = 66;
    uint256 private constant MIN_METADATA_LENGTH = 86;

    uint16 public constant VARIANT = 1;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the variant of the metadata.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     * @return variant of the metadata as uint8.
     */
    function variant(bytes calldata _metadata) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        if (_metadata.length < VARIANT_OFFSET + 2) return 0;
        return uint16(bytes2(_metadata[VARIANT_OFFSET:VARIANT_OFFSET + 2]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the specified value for the message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     * @param _default Default fallback value.
     * @return Value for the message as uint256.
     */
    function msgValue(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint256 _default
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (_metadata.length < MSG_VALUE_OFFSET + 32) return _default;
        return
            uint256(bytes32(_metadata[MSG_VALUE_OFFSET:MSG_VALUE_OFFSET + 32]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the specified gas limit for the message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     * @param _default Default fallback gas limit.
     * @return Gas limit for the message as uint256.
     */
    function gasLimit(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint256 _default
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (_metadata.length < GAS_LIMIT_OFFSET + 32) return _default;
        return
            uint256(bytes32(_metadata[GAS_LIMIT_OFFSET:GAS_LIMIT_OFFSET + 32]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the specified refund address for the message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     * @param _default Default fallback refund address.
     * @return Refund address for the message as address.
     */
    function refundAddress(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        address _default
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        if (_metadata.length < REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET + 20) return _default;
        return
            address(
                bytes20(
                    _metadata[REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET:REFUND_ADDRESS_OFFSET + 20]
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns any custom metadata.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     * @return Custom metadata.
     */
    function getCustomMetadata(
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        if (_metadata.length < MIN_METADATA_LENGTH) return _metadata[0:0];
        return _metadata[MIN_METADATA_LENGTH:];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats the specified gas limit and refund address into standard hook metadata.
     * @param _msgValue msg.value for the message.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit for the message.
     * @param _refundAddress Refund address for the message.
     * @param _customMetadata Additional metadata to include in the standard hook metadata.
     * @return ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     */
    function formatMetadata(
        uint256 _msgValue,
        uint256 _gasLimit,
        address _refundAddress,
        bytes memory _customMetadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodePacked(
                VARIANT,
                _msgValue,
                _gasLimit,
                _refundAddress,
                _customMetadata
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats the specified gas limit and refund address into standard hook metadata.
     * @param _msgValue msg.value for the message.
     * @return ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     */
    function overrideMsgValue(
        uint256 _msgValue
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return formatMetadata(_msgValue, uint256(0), msg.sender, "");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats the specified gas limit and refund address into standard hook metadata.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit for the message.
     * @return ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     */
    function overrideGasLimit(
        uint256 _gasLimit
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return formatMetadata(uint256(0), _gasLimit, msg.sender, "");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Formats the specified refund address into standard hook metadata.
     * @param _refundAddress Refund address for the message.
     * @return ABI encoded standard hook metadata.
     */
    function overrideRefundAddress(
        address _refundAddress
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return formatMetadata(uint256(0), uint256(0), _refundAddress, "");
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

import {MerkleLib} from "../libs/Merkle.sol";
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "../client/MailboxClient.sol";
import {Indexed} from "../libs/Indexed.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "./libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "./libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";

contract MerkleTreeHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook, MailboxClient, Indexed {
    using Message for bytes;
    using MerkleLib for MerkleLib.Tree;
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // An incremental merkle tree used to store outbound message IDs.
    MerkleLib.Tree internal _tree;

    event InsertedIntoTree(bytes32 messageId, uint32 index);

    constructor(address _mailbox) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {}

    // count cannot exceed 2**TREE_DEPTH, see MerkleLib.sol
    function count() public view returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(_tree.count);
    }

    function root() public view returns (bytes32) {
        return _tree.root();
    }

    function tree() public view returns (MerkleLib.Tree memory) {
        return _tree;
    }

    function latestCheckpoint() external view returns (bytes32, uint32) {
        return (root(), count() - 1);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.MERKLE_TREE);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        /*metadata*/
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override {
        require(msg.value == 0, "MerkleTreeHook: no value expected");

        // ensure messages which were not dispatched are not inserted into the tree
        bytes32 id = message.id();
        require(_isLatestDispatched(id), "message not dispatching");

        uint32 index = count();
        _tree.insert(id);
        emit InsertedIntoTree(id, index);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        /*metadata*/
        bytes calldata /*message*/
    ) internal pure override returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthHook} from "./libs/AbstractMessageIdAuthHook.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "./libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {ICrossDomainMessenger} from "../interfaces/optimism/ICrossDomainMessenger.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title OPStackHook
 * @notice Message hook to inform the OPStackIsm of messages published through
 * the native OPStack bridge.
 * @notice This works only for L1 -> L2 messages.
 */
contract OPStackHook is AbstractMessageIdAuthHook {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    /// @notice messenger contract specified by the rollup
    ICrossDomainMessenger public immutable l1Messenger;

    // Gas limit for sending messages to L2
    // First 1.92e6 gas is provided by Optimism, see more here:
    // https://community.optimism.io/docs/developers/bridge/messaging/#for-l1-%E2%87%92-l2-transactions
    uint32 internal constant GAS_LIMIT = 1_920_000;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _ism,
        address _l1Messenger
    ) AbstractMessageIdAuthHook(_mailbox, _destinationDomain, _ism) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_l1Messenger),
            "OPStackHook: invalid messenger"
        );
        l1Messenger = ICrossDomainMessenger(_l1Messenger);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal pure override returns (uint256) {
        return 0; // gas subsidized by the L2
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractMessageIdAuthHook
    function _sendMessageId(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal override {
        require(
            metadata.msgValue(0) < 2 ** 255,
            "OPStackHook: msgValue must be less than 2 ** 255"
        );
        l1Messenger.sendMessage{value: metadata.msgValue(0)}(
            TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(ism),
            payload,
            GAS_LIMIT
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "./libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";

import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import {Pausable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";

contract PausableHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook, Ownable, Pausable {
    // ============ External functions ============

    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.PAUSABLE);
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override whenNotPaused {}

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal pure override returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthHook} from "./libs/AbstractMessageIdAuthHook.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "./libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {FxBaseRootTunnel} from "fx-portal/contracts/tunnel/FxBaseRootTunnel.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title PolygonPosHook
 * @notice Message hook to inform the PolygonPosIsm of messages published through
 * the native PoS bridge.
 */
contract PolygonPosHook is AbstractMessageIdAuthHook, FxBaseRootTunnel {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _ism,
        address _cpManager,
        address _fxRoot
    )
        AbstractMessageIdAuthHook(_mailbox, _destinationDomain, _ism)
        FxBaseRootTunnel(_cpManager, _fxRoot)
    {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_cpManager),
            "PolygonPosHook: invalid cpManager contract"
        );
        require(
            Address.isContract(_fxRoot),
            "PolygonPosHook: invalid fxRoot contract"
        );
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal pure override returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractMessageIdAuthHook
    function _sendMessageId(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal override {
        require(
            metadata.msgValue(0) == 0,
            "PolygonPosHook: does not support msgValue"
        );
        require(msg.value == 0, "PolygonPosHook: does not support msgValue");
        _sendMessageToChild(payload);
    }

    bytes public latestData;

    function _processMessageFromChild(bytes memory data) internal override {
        latestData = data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "./libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";
import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "./libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

/**
 * @title ProtocolFee
 * @notice Collects a static protocol fee from the sender.
 */
contract ProtocolFee is AbstractPostDispatchHook, Ownable {
    using StandardHookMetadata for bytes;
    using Address for address payable;
    using Message for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    /// @notice The maximum protocol fee that can be set.
    uint256 public immutable MAX_PROTOCOL_FEE;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice The current protocol fee.
    uint256 public protocolFee;
    /// @notice The beneficiary of protocol fees.
    address public beneficiary;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(
        uint256 _maxProtocolFee,
        uint256 _protocolFee,
        address _beneficiary,
        address _owner
    ) {
        MAX_PROTOCOL_FEE = _maxProtocolFee;
        _setProtocolFee(_protocolFee);
        _setBeneficiary(_beneficiary);
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.PROTOCOL_FEE);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the protocol fee.
     * @param _protocolFee The new protocol fee.
     */
    function setProtocolFee(uint256 _protocolFee) external onlyOwner {
        _setProtocolFee(_protocolFee);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the beneficiary of protocol fees.
     * @param _beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    function setBeneficiary(address _beneficiary) external onlyOwner {
        _setBeneficiary(_beneficiary);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Collects protocol fees from the contract.
     */
    function collectProtocolFees() external {
        payable(beneficiary).sendValue(address(this).balance);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override {
        require(
            msg.value >= protocolFee,
            "ProtocolFee: insufficient protocol fee"
        );

        uint256 refund = msg.value - protocolFee;
        if (refund > 0) {
            payable(metadata.refundAddress(message.senderAddress())).sendValue(
                refund
            );
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal view override returns (uint256) {
        return protocolFee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the protocol fee.
     * @param _protocolFee The new protocol fee.
     */
    function _setProtocolFee(uint256 _protocolFee) internal {
        require(
            _protocolFee <= MAX_PROTOCOL_FEE,
            "ProtocolFee: exceeds max protocol fee"
        );
        protocolFee = _protocolFee;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the beneficiary of protocol fees.
     * @param _beneficiary The new beneficiary.
     */
    function _setBeneficiary(address _beneficiary) internal {
        require(_beneficiary != address(0), "ProtocolFee: invalid beneficiary");
        beneficiary = _beneficiary;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {DomainRoutingHook} from "./DomainRoutingHook.sol";

contract DestinationRecipientRoutingHook is DomainRoutingHook {
    using Message for bytes;

    /// @notice destination => recipient =>custom hook
    mapping(uint32 => mapping(bytes32 => address)) public customHooks;

    constructor(
        address mailbox,
        address owner
    ) DomainRoutingHook(mailbox, owner) {}

    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override {
        address customHookPreset = customHooks[message.destination()][
            message.recipient()
        ];
        if (customHookPreset != address(0)) {
            IPostDispatchHook(customHookPreset).postDispatch{value: msg.value}(
                metadata,
                message
            );
        } else {
            super._postDispatch(metadata, message);
        }
    }

    function configCustomHook(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipient,
        address hook
    ) external onlyOwner {
        customHooks[destinationDomain][recipient] = hook;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "../libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "../../client/MailboxClient.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Strings} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

/**
 * @title DomainRoutingHook
 * @notice Delegates to a hook based on the destination domain of the message.
 */
contract DomainRoutingHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook, MailboxClient {
    using Strings for uint32;
    using Message for bytes;

    struct HookConfig {
        uint32 destination;
        address hook;
    }

    mapping(uint32 => IPostDispatchHook) public hooks;

    constructor(address _mailbox, address _owner) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.ROUTING);
    }

    function setHook(uint32 _destination, address _hook) public onlyOwner {
        hooks[_destination] = IPostDispatchHook(_hook);
    }

    function setHooks(HookConfig[] calldata configs) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < configs.length; i++) {
            setHook(configs[i].destination, configs[i].hook);
        }
    }

    function supportsMetadata(
        bytes calldata
    ) public pure virtual override returns (bool) {
        // routing hook does not care about metadata shape
        return true;
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal virtual override {
        _getConfiguredHook(message).postDispatch{value: msg.value}(
            metadata,
            message
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc AbstractPostDispatchHook
    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _getConfiguredHook(message).quoteDispatch(metadata, message);
    }

    function _getConfiguredHook(
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal view virtual returns (IPostDispatchHook hook) {
        hook = hooks[message.destination()];
        require(
            address(hook) != address(0),
            string.concat(
                "No hook configured for destination: ",
                message.destination().toString()
            )
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {IMailbox} from "../../interfaces/IMailbox.sol";
import {DomainRoutingHook} from "./DomainRoutingHook.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";

/**
 * @title FallbackDomainRoutingHook
 * @notice Delegates to a hook based on the destination domain of the message.
 * If no hook is configured for the destination domain, delegates to a fallback hook.
 */
contract FallbackDomainRoutingHook is DomainRoutingHook {
    using Message for bytes;

    IPostDispatchHook public immutable fallbackHook;

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        address _owner,
        address _fallback
    ) DomainRoutingHook(_mailbox, _owner) {
        fallbackHook = IPostDispatchHook(_fallback);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.FALLBACK_ROUTING);
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    function _getConfiguredHook(
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal view override returns (IPostDispatchHook) {
        IPostDispatchHook _hook = hooks[message.destination()];
        if (address(_hook) == address(0)) {
            _hook = fallbackHook;
        }
        return _hook;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
import {MailboxClient} from "contracts/client/MailboxClient.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "contracts/interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {Message} from "contracts/libs/Message.sol";
import {TokenMessage} from "contracts/token/libs/TokenMessage.sol";
import {RateLimited} from "contracts/libs/RateLimited.sol";

contract RateLimitedHook is IPostDispatchHook, MailboxClient, RateLimited {
    using Message for bytes;
    using TokenMessage for bytes;

    mapping(bytes32 messageId => bool validated) public messageValidated;

    modifier validateMessageOnce(bytes calldata _message) {
        bytes32 messageId = _message.id();
        require(!messageValidated[messageId], "MessageAlreadyValidated");
        _;
        messageValidated[messageId] = true;
    }

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint256 _maxCapacity
    ) MailboxClient(_mailbox) RateLimited(_maxCapacity) {}

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.Rate_Limited_Hook);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function supportsMetadata(bytes calldata) external pure returns (bool) {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Verify a message, rate limit, and increment the sender's limit.
     * @dev ensures that this gets called by the Mailbox
     */
    function postDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable validateMessageOnce(_message) {
        require(_isLatestDispatched(_message.id()), "InvalidDispatchedMessage");

        uint256 newAmount = _message.body().amount();
        validateAndConsumeFilledLevel(newAmount);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata
    ) external pure returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

interface IRemoteChallenger {
    /// @notice Returns the number of blocks that must be mined before a challenge can be handled
    /// @return The number of blocks that must be mined before a challenge can be handled
    function challengeDelayBlocks() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Handles a challenge for an operator
    /// @param operator The address of the operator
    function handleChallenge(address operator) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import "./ISignatureUtils.sol";

/// part of mock interfaces for vendoring necessary Eigenlayer contracts for the hyperlane AVS
/// @author Layr Labs, Inc.
interface IAVSDirectory is ISignatureUtils {
    enum OperatorAVSRegistrationStatus {
        UNREGISTERED,
        REGISTERED
    }

    event AVSMetadataURIUpdated(address indexed avs, string metadataURI);

    function registerOperatorToAVS(
        address operator,
        ISignatureUtils.SignatureWithSaltAndExpiry memory operatorSignature
    ) external;

    function deregisterOperatorFromAVS(address operator) external;

    function updateAVSMetadataURI(string calldata metadataURI) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IStrategy} from "./IStrategy.sol";

/**
 * @title DelegationManager
 * @author Layr Labs, Inc.
 * @notice Terms of Service: https://docs.eigenlayer.xyz/overview/terms-of-service
 * @notice  This is the contract for delegation in EigenLayer. The main functionalities of this contract are
 * - enabling anyone to register as an operator in EigenLayer
 * - allowing operators to specify parameters related to stakers who delegate to them
 * - enabling any staker to delegate its stake to the operator of its choice (a given staker can only delegate to a single operator at a time)
 * - enabling a staker to undelegate its assets from the operator it is delegated to (performed as part of the withdrawal process, initiated through the StrategyManager)
 */
interface IDelegationManager {
    struct OperatorDetails {
        address earningsReceiver;
        address delegationApprover;
        uint32 stakerOptOutWindowBlocks;
    }

    function registerAsOperator(
        OperatorDetails calldata registeringOperatorDetails,
        string calldata metadataURI
    ) external;

    function getOperatorShares(
        address operator,
        IStrategy[] memory strategies
    ) external view returns (uint256[] memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.12;

import {IStrategy} from "./IStrategy.sol";

struct StrategyParams {
    IStrategy strategy; // The strategy contract reference
    uint96 multiplier; // The multiplier applied to the strategy
}

struct Quorum {
    StrategyParams[] strategies; // An array of strategy parameters to define the quorum
}

interface IECDSAStakeRegistryEventsAndErrors {
    /// @notice Emitted when the system registers an operator
    /// @param _operator The address of the registered operator
    /// @param _avs The address of the associated AVS
    event OperatorRegistered(address indexed _operator, address indexed _avs);

    /// @notice Emitted when the system deregisters an operator
    /// @param _operator The address of the deregistered operator
    /// @param _avs The address of the associated AVS
    event OperatorDeregistered(address indexed _operator, address indexed _avs);

    /// @notice Emitted when the system updates the quorum
    /// @param _old The previous quorum configuration
    /// @param _new The new quorum configuration
    event QuorumUpdated(Quorum _old, Quorum _new);

    /// @notice Emitted when the weight to join the operator set updates
    /// @param _old The previous minimum weight
    /// @param _new The new minimumWeight
    event MinimumWeightUpdated(uint256 _old, uint256 _new);

    /// @notice Emitted when the weight required to be an operator changes
    /// @param oldMinimumWeight The previous weight
    /// @param newMinimumWeight The updated weight
    event UpdateMinimumWeight(
        uint256 oldMinimumWeight,
        uint256 newMinimumWeight
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when the system updates an operator's weight
    /// @param _operator The address of the operator updated
    /// @param oldWeight The operator's weight before the update
    /// @param newWeight The operator's weight after the update
    event OperatorWeightUpdated(
        address indexed _operator,
        uint256 oldWeight,
        uint256 newWeight
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when the system updates the total weight
    /// @param oldTotalWeight The total weight before the update
    /// @param newTotalWeight The total weight after the update
    event TotalWeightUpdated(uint256 oldTotalWeight, uint256 newTotalWeight);

    /// @notice Emits when setting a new threshold weight.
    event ThresholdWeightUpdated(uint256 _thresholdWeight);

    /// @notice Emitted when an operator's signing key is updated
    /// @param operator The address of the operator whose signing key was updated
    /// @param updateBlock The block number at which the signing key was updated
    /// @param newSigningKey The operator's signing key after the update
    /// @param oldSigningKey The operator's signing key before the update
    event SigningKeyUpdate(
        address indexed operator,
        uint256 indexed updateBlock,
        address indexed newSigningKey,
        address oldSigningKey
    );
    /// @notice Indicates when the lengths of the signers array and signatures array do not match.

    error LengthMismatch();

    /// @notice Indicates encountering an invalid length for the signers or signatures array.
    error InvalidLength();

    /// @notice Indicates encountering an invalid signature.
    error InvalidSignature();

    /// @notice Thrown when the threshold update is greater than BPS
    error InvalidThreshold();

    /// @notice Thrown when missing operators in an update
    error MustUpdateAllOperators();

    /// @notice Reference blocks must be for blocks that have already been confirmed
    error InvalidReferenceBlock();

    /// @notice Indicates operator weights were out of sync and the signed weight exceed the total
    error InvalidSignedWeight();

    /// @notice Indicates the total signed stake fails to meet the required threshold.
    error InsufficientSignedStake();

    /// @notice Indicates an individual signer's weight fails to meet the required threshold.
    error InsufficientWeight();

    /// @notice Indicates the quorum is invalid
    error InvalidQuorum();

    /// @notice Indicates the system finds a list of items unsorted
    error NotSorted();

    /// @notice Thrown when registering an already registered operator
    error OperatorAlreadyRegistered();

    /// @notice Thrown when de-registering or updating the stake for an unregistered operator
    error OperatorNotRegistered();
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "./IStrategy.sol";

/**
 * @title Interface for the `IPaymentCoordinator` contract.
 * @author Layr Labs, Inc.
 * @notice Terms of Service: https://docs.eigenlayer.xyz/overview/terms-of-service
 * @notice Allows AVSs to make "Range Payments", which get distributed amongst the AVSs' confirmed
 * Operators and the Stakers delegated to those Operators.
 * Calculations are performed based on the completed Range Payments, with the results posted in
 * a Merkle root against which Stakers & Operators can make claims.
 */
interface IPaymentCoordinator {
    /// STRUCTS ///
    struct StrategyAndMultiplier {
        IStrategy strategy;
        // weight used to compare shares in multiple strategies against one another
        uint96 multiplier;
    }

    struct RangePayment {
        // Strategies & relative weights of shares in the strategies
        StrategyAndMultiplier[] strategiesAndMultipliers;
        IERC20 token;
        uint256 amount;
        uint64 startTimestamp;
        uint64 duration;
    }

    /// EXTERNAL FUNCTIONS ///

    /**
     * @notice Creates a new range payment on behalf of an AVS, to be split amongst the
     * set of stakers delegated to operators who are registered to the `avs`
     * @param rangePayments The range payments being created
     * @dev Expected to be called by the ServiceManager of the AVS on behalf of which the payment is being made
     * @dev The duration of the `rangePayment` cannot exceed `MAX_PAYMENT_DURATION`
     * @dev The tokens are sent to the `claimingManager` contract
     * @dev This function will revert if the `rangePayment` is malformed,
     * e.g. if the `strategies` and `weights` arrays are of non-equal lengths
     */
    function payForRange(RangePayment[] calldata rangePayments) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IPaymentCoordinator} from "./IPaymentCoordinator.sol";
import {IServiceManagerUI} from "./IServiceManagerUI.sol";

/**
 * @title Minimal interface for a ServiceManager-type contract that forms the single point for an AVS to push updates to EigenLayer
 * @author Layr Labs, Inc.
 */
interface IServiceManager is IServiceManagerUI {
    /**
     * @notice Creates a new range payment on behalf of an AVS, to be split amongst the
     * set of stakers delegated to operators who are registered to the `avs`.
     * Note that the owner calling this function must have approved the tokens to be transferred to the ServiceManager
     * and of course has the required balances.
     * @param rangePayments The range payments being created
     * @dev Expected to be called by the ServiceManager of the AVS on behalf of which the payment is being made
     * @dev The duration of the `rangePayment` cannot exceed `paymentCoordinator.MAX_PAYMENT_DURATION()`
     * @dev The tokens are sent to the `PaymentCoordinator` contract
     * @dev Strategies must be in ascending order of addresses to check for duplicates
     * @dev This function will revert if the `rangePayment` is malformed,
     * e.g. if the `strategies` and `weights` arrays are of non-equal lengths
     */
    function payForRange(
        IPaymentCoordinator.RangePayment[] calldata rangePayments
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {ISignatureUtils} from "./ISignatureUtils.sol";
import {IDelegationManager} from "./IDelegationManager.sol";

/**
 * @title Minimal interface for a ServiceManager-type contract that AVS ServiceManager contracts must implement
 * for eigenlabs to be able to index their data on the AVS marketplace frontend.
 * @author Layr Labs, Inc.
 */
interface IServiceManagerUI {
    /**
     * Metadata should follow the format outlined by this example.
     *     {
     *         "name": "EigenLabs AVS 1",
     *         "website": "https://www.eigenlayer.xyz/",
     *         "description": "This is my 1st AVS",
     *         "logo": "https://holesky-operator-metadata.s3.amazonaws.com/eigenlayer.png",
     *         "twitter": "https://twitter.com/eigenlayer"
     *     }
     * @notice Updates the metadata URI for the AVS
     * @param _metadataURI is the metadata URI for the AVS
     */
    function updateAVSMetadataURI(string memory _metadataURI) external;

    /**
     * @notice Forwards a call to EigenLayer's DelegationManager contract to confirm operator registration with the AVS
     * @param operator The address of the operator to register.
     * @param operatorSignature The signature, salt, and expiry of the operator's signature.
     */
    function registerOperatorToAVS(
        address operator,
        ISignatureUtils.SignatureWithSaltAndExpiry memory operatorSignature
    ) external;

    /**
     * @notice Forwards a call to EigenLayer's DelegationManager contract to confirm operator deregistration from the AVS
     * @param operator The address of the operator to deregister.
     */
    function deregisterOperatorFromAVS(address operator) external;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the list of strategies that the operator has potentially restaked on the AVS
     * @param operator The address of the operator to get restaked strategies for
     * @dev This function is intended to be called off-chain
     * @dev No guarantee is made on whether the operator has shares for a strategy in a quorum or uniqueness
     *      of each element in the returned array. The off-chain service should do that validation separately
     */
    function getOperatorRestakedStrategies(
        address operator
    ) external view returns (address[] memory);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the list of strategies that the AVS supports for restaking
     * @dev This function is intended to be called off-chain
     * @dev No guarantee is made on uniqueness of each element in the returned array.
     *      The off-chain service should do that validation separately
     */
    function getRestakeableStrategies()
        external
        view
        returns (address[] memory);

    /// @notice Returns the EigenLayer AVSDirectory contract.
    function avsDirectory() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/**
 * @title The interface for common signature utilities.
 * @author Layr Labs, Inc.
 * @notice Terms of Service: https://docs.eigenlayer.xyz/overview/terms-of-service
 */
interface ISignatureUtils {
    // @notice Struct that bundles together a signature and an expiration time for the signature. Used primarily for stack management.
    struct SignatureWithExpiry {
        // the signature itself, formatted as a single bytes object
        bytes signature;
        // the expiration timestamp (UTC) of the signature
        uint256 expiry;
    }

    // @notice Struct that bundles together a signature, a salt for uniqueness, and an expiration time for the signature. Used primarily for stack management.
    struct SignatureWithSaltAndExpiry {
        // the signature itself, formatted as a single bytes object
        bytes signature;
        // the salt used to generate the signature
        bytes32 salt;
        // the expiration timestamp (UTC) of the signature
        uint256 expiry;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/**
 * @title Interface for the primary 'slashing' contract for EigenLayer.
 * @author Layr Labs, Inc.
 * @notice Terms of Service: https://docs.eigenlayer.xyz/overview/terms-of-service
 */
interface ISlasher {
    function freezeOperator(address toBeFrozen) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @title Minimal interface for an `Strategy` contract.
 * @author Layr Labs, Inc.
 * @notice Terms of Service: https://docs.eigenlayer.xyz/overview/terms-of-service
 * @notice Custom `Strategy` implementations may expand extensively on this interface.
 */
interface IStrategy {
    /**
     * @notice Used to deposit tokens into this Strategy
     * @param token is the ERC20 token being deposited
     * @param amount is the amount of token being deposited
     * @dev This function is only callable by the strategyManager contract. It is invoked inside of the strategyManager's
     * `depositIntoStrategy` function, and individual share balances are recorded in the strategyManager as well.
     * @return newShares is the number of new shares issued at the current exchange ratio.
     */
    function deposit(IERC20 token, uint256 amount) external returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Used to withdraw tokens from this Strategy, to the `recipient`'s address
     * @param recipient is the address to receive the withdrawn funds
     * @param token is the ERC20 token being transferred out
     * @param amountShares is the amount of shares being withdrawn
     * @dev This function is only callable by the strategyManager contract. It is invoked inside of the strategyManager's
     * other functions, and individual share balances are recorded in the strategyManager as well.
     */
    function withdraw(
        address recipient,
        IERC20 token,
        uint256 amountShares
    ) external;

    /**
     * @notice Used to convert a number of shares to the equivalent amount of underlying tokens for this strategy.
     * @notice In contrast to `sharesToUnderlyingView`, this function **may** make state modifications
     * @param amountShares is the amount of shares to calculate its conversion into the underlying token
     * @return The amount of underlying tokens corresponding to the input `amountShares`
     * @dev Implementation for these functions in particular may vary significantly for different strategies
     */
    function sharesToUnderlying(
        uint256 amountShares
    ) external returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Used to convert an amount of underlying tokens to the equivalent amount of shares in this strategy.
     * @notice In contrast to `underlyingToSharesView`, this function **may** make state modifications
     * @param amountUnderlying is the amount of `underlyingToken` to calculate its conversion into strategy shares
     * @return The amount of underlying tokens corresponding to the input `amountShares`
     * @dev Implementation for these functions in particular may vary significantly for different strategies
     */
    function underlyingToShares(
        uint256 amountUnderlying
    ) external returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice convenience function for fetching the current underlying value of all of the `user`'s shares in
     * this strategy. In contrast to `userUnderlyingView`, this function **may** make state modifications
     */
    function userUnderlying(address user) external returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice convenience function for fetching the current total shares of `user` in this strategy, by
     * querying the `strategyManager` contract
     */
    function shares(address user) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Used to convert a number of shares to the equivalent amount of underlying tokens for this strategy.
     * @notice In contrast to `sharesToUnderlying`, this function guarantees no state modifications
     * @param amountShares is the amount of shares to calculate its conversion into the underlying token
     * @return The amount of shares corresponding to the input `amountUnderlying`
     * @dev Implementation for these functions in particular may vary significantly for different strategies
     */
    function sharesToUnderlyingView(
        uint256 amountShares
    ) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Used to convert an amount of underlying tokens to the equivalent amount of shares in this strategy.
     * @notice In contrast to `underlyingToShares`, this function guarantees no state modifications
     * @param amountUnderlying is the amount of `underlyingToken` to calculate its conversion into strategy shares
     * @return The amount of shares corresponding to the input `amountUnderlying`
     * @dev Implementation for these functions in particular may vary significantly for different strategies
     */
    function underlyingToSharesView(
        uint256 amountUnderlying
    ) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice convenience function for fetching the current underlying value of all of the `user`'s shares in
     * this strategy. In contrast to `userUnderlying`, this function guarantees no state modifications
     */
    function userUnderlyingView(address user) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice The underlying token for shares in this Strategy
    function underlyingToken() external view returns (IERC20);

    /// @notice The total number of extant shares in this Strategy
    function totalShares() external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Returns either a brief string explaining the strategy's goal & purpose, or a link to metadata that explains in more detail.
    function explanation() external view returns (string memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC-5164: Cross-Chain Execution Standard
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5164
 */
interface IMessageDispatcher {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a message has successfully been dispatched to the executor chain.
     * @param messageId ID uniquely identifying the message
     * @param from Address that dispatched the message
     * @param toChainId ID of the chain receiving the message
     * @param to Address that will receive the message
     * @param data Data that was dispatched
     */
    event MessageDispatched(
        bytes32 indexed messageId,
        address indexed from,
        uint256 indexed toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes data
    );

    function dispatchMessage(
        uint256 toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

interface IPostDispatchHook {
    enum Types {
        UNUSED,
        ROUTING,
        AGGREGATION,
        MERKLE_TREE,
        INTERCHAIN_GAS_PAYMASTER,
        FALLBACK_ROUTING,
        ID_AUTH_ISM,
        PAUSABLE,
        PROTOCOL_FEE,
        LAYER_ZERO_V1,
        Rate_Limited_Hook
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns an enum that represents the type of hook
     */
    function hookType() external view returns (uint8);

    /**
     * @notice Returns whether the hook supports metadata
     * @param metadata metadata
     * @return Whether the hook supports metadata
     */
    function supportsMetadata(
        bytes calldata metadata
    ) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @notice Post action after a message is dispatched via the Mailbox
     * @param metadata The metadata required for the hook
     * @param message The message passed from the Mailbox.dispatch() call
     */
    function postDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) external payable;

    /**
     * @notice Compute the payment required by the postDispatch call
     * @param metadata The metadata required for the hook
     * @param message The message passed from the Mailbox.dispatch() call
     * @return Quoted payment for the postDispatch call
     */
    function quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IGasOracle {
    struct RemoteGasData {
        // The exchange rate of the remote native token quoted in the local native token.
        // Scaled with 10 decimals, i.e. 1e10 is "one".
        uint128 tokenExchangeRate;
        uint128 gasPrice;
    }

    function getExchangeRateAndGasPrice(
        uint32 _destinationDomain
    ) external view returns (uint128 tokenExchangeRate, uint128 gasPrice);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

/**
 * @title IInterchainGasPaymaster
 * @notice Manages payments on a source chain to cover gas costs of relaying
 * messages to destination chains.
 */
interface IInterchainGasPaymaster {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a payment is made for a message's gas costs.
     * @param messageId The ID of the message to pay for.
     * @param destinationDomain The domain of the destination chain.
     * @param gasAmount The amount of destination gas paid for.
     * @param payment The amount of native tokens paid.
     */
    event GasPayment(
        bytes32 indexed messageId,
        uint32 indexed destinationDomain,
        uint256 gasAmount,
        uint256 payment
    );

    function payForGas(
        bytes32 _messageId,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _gasAmount,
        address _refundAddress
    ) external payable;

    function quoteGasPayment(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        uint256 _gasAmount
    ) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IInterchainSecurityModule {
    enum Types {
        UNUSED,
        ROUTING,
        AGGREGATION,
        LEGACY_MULTISIG,
        MERKLE_ROOT_MULTISIG,
        MESSAGE_ID_MULTISIG,
        NULL, // used with relayer carrying no metadata
        CCIP_READ
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns an enum that represents the type of security model
     * encoded by this ISM.
     * @dev Relayers infer how to fetch and format metadata.
     */
    function moduleType() external view returns (uint8);

    /**
     * @notice Defines a security model responsible for verifying interchain
     * messages based on the provided metadata.
     * @param _metadata Off-chain metadata provided by a relayer, specific to
     * the security model encoded by the module (e.g. validator signatures)
     * @param _message Hyperlane encoded interchain message
     * @return True if the message was verified
     */
    function verify(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external returns (bool);
}

interface ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule {
    function interchainSecurityModule()
        external
        view
        returns (IInterchainSecurityModule);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient {
    function handleWithTokens(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface ILiquidityLayerRouter {
    function dispatchWithTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipientAddress,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount,
        string calldata _bridge,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) external returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "./IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "./hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";

interface IMailbox {
    // ============ Events ============
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a new message is dispatched via Hyperlane
     * @param sender The address that dispatched the message
     * @param destination The destination domain of the message
     * @param recipient The message recipient address on `destination`
     * @param message Raw bytes of message
     */
    event Dispatch(
        address indexed sender,
        uint32 indexed destination,
        bytes32 indexed recipient,
        bytes message
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a new message is dispatched via Hyperlane
     * @param messageId The unique message identifier
     */
    event DispatchId(bytes32 indexed messageId);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a Hyperlane message is processed
     * @param messageId The unique message identifier
     */
    event ProcessId(bytes32 indexed messageId);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a Hyperlane message is delivered
     * @param origin The origin domain of the message
     * @param sender The message sender address on `origin`
     * @param recipient The address that handled the message
     */
    event Process(
        uint32 indexed origin,
        bytes32 indexed sender,
        address indexed recipient
    );

    function localDomain() external view returns (uint32);

    function delivered(bytes32 messageId) external view returns (bool);

    function defaultIsm() external view returns (IInterchainSecurityModule);

    function defaultHook() external view returns (IPostDispatchHook);

    function requiredHook() external view returns (IPostDispatchHook);

    function latestDispatchedId() external view returns (bytes32);

    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody
    ) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId);

    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata body,
        bytes calldata defaultHookMetadata
    ) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId);

    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata defaultHookMetadata
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata body,
        bytes calldata customHookMetadata,
        IPostDispatchHook customHook
    ) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId);

    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata customHookMetadata,
        IPostDispatchHook customHook
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function process(
        bytes calldata metadata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) external payable;

    function recipientIsm(
        address recipient
    ) external view returns (IInterchainSecurityModule module);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IMessageRecipient {
    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IRouter {
    function domains() external view returns (uint32[] memory);

    function routers(uint32 _domain) external view returns (bytes32);

    function enrollRemoteRouter(uint32 _domain, bytes32 _router) external;

    function enrollRemoteRouters(
        uint32[] calldata _domains,
        bytes32[] calldata _routers
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

interface IAggregationIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of modules responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of modules that must verify
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Hyperlane formatted interchain message
     * @return modules The array of ISM addresses
     * @return threshold The number of modules needed to verify
     */
    function modulesAndThreshold(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external view returns (address[] memory modules, uint8 threshold);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

interface ICcipReadIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    /// @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3668
    /// @param sender the address of the contract making the call, usually address(this)
    /// @param urls the URLs to query for offchain data
    /// @param callData context needed for offchain service to service request
    /// @param callbackFunction function selector to call with offchain information
    /// @param extraData additional passthrough information to call callbackFunction with
    error OffchainLookup(
        address sender,
        string[] urls,
        bytes callData,
        bytes4 callbackFunction,
        bytes extraData
    );

    /**
     * @notice Reverts with the data needed to query information offchain
     * and be submitted via the origin mailbox
     * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3668 for more information
     * @param _message data that will help construct the offchain query
     */
    function getOffchainVerifyInfo(bytes calldata _message) external view;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

interface IMultisigIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of validators responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of signatures required
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Hyperlane formatted interchain message
     * @return validators The array of validator addresses
     * @return threshold The number of validator signatures needed
     */
    function validatorsAndThreshold(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external view returns (address[] memory validators, uint8 threshold);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

interface IRoutingIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM responsible for verifying _message
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return module The ISM to use to verify _message
     */
    function route(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external view returns (IInterchainSecurityModule);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

interface IValidatorAnnounce {
    /// @notice Returns a list of validators that have made announcements
    function getAnnouncedValidators() external view returns (address[] memory);

    /**
     * @notice Returns a list of all announced storage locations for `validators`
     * @param _validators The list of validators to get storage locations for
     * @return A list of announced storage locations
     */
    function getAnnouncedStorageLocations(
        address[] calldata _validators
    ) external view returns (string[][] memory);

    /**
     * @notice Announces a validator signature storage location
     * @param _storageLocation Information encoding the location of signed
     * checkpoints
     * @param _signature The signed validator announcement
     * @return True upon success
     */
    function announce(
        address _validator,
        string calldata _storageLocation,
        bytes calldata _signature
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ICrossDomainMessenger interface for bedrock update
 * @dev eth-optimism's version uses strict 0.8.15 which we don't want to restrict to
 */
interface ICrossDomainMessenger {
    /**
     * Sends a cross domain message to the target messenger.
     * @param _target Target contract address.
     * @param _message Message to send to the target.
     * @param _gasLimit Gas limit for the provided message.
     */
    function sendMessage(
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _message,
        uint32 _gasLimit
    ) external payable;

    function relayMessage(
        uint256 _nonce,
        address _sender,
        address _target,
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _minGasLimit,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable;

    function xDomainMessageSender() external view returns (address);

    function OTHER_MESSENGER() external view returns (address);
}

interface IL1CrossDomainMessenger is ICrossDomainMessenger {}

interface IL2CrossDomainMessenger is ICrossDomainMessenger {
    function messageNonce() external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============
import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {IAggregationIsm} from "../../interfaces/isms/IAggregationIsm.sol";
import {AggregationIsmMetadata} from "../../isms/libs/AggregationIsmMetadata.sol";

/**
 * @title AggregationIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n ISM sets that are used to verify
 * interchain messages.
 */
abstract contract AbstractAggregationIsm is IAggregationIsm {
    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.AGGREGATION);

    // ============ Virtual Functions ============
    // ======= OVERRIDE THESE TO IMPLEMENT =======

    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of ISMs responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of ISMs that must verify
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Hyperlane formatted interchain message
     * @return modules The array of ISM addresses
     * @return threshold The number of ISMs needed to verify
     */
    function modulesAndThreshold(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) public view virtual returns (address[] memory, uint8);

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Requires that m-of-n ISMs verify the provided interchain message.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata (see AggregationIsmMetadata.sol)
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     */
    function verify(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) public returns (bool) {
        (address[] memory _isms, uint8 _threshold) = modulesAndThreshold(
            _message
        );
        uint256 _count = _isms.length;
        for (uint8 i = 0; i < _count; i++) {
            if (!AggregationIsmMetadata.hasMetadata(_metadata, i)) continue;
            IInterchainSecurityModule _ism = IInterchainSecurityModule(
                _isms[i]
            );
            require(
                _ism.verify(
                    AggregationIsmMetadata.metadataAt(_metadata, i),
                    _message
                ),
                "!verify"
            );
            _threshold -= 1;
        }
        require(_threshold == 0, "!threshold");
        return true;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {AbstractAggregationIsm} from "./AbstractAggregationIsm.sol";
import {AggregationIsmMetadata} from "../../isms/libs/AggregationIsmMetadata.sol";
import {MetaProxy} from "../../libs/MetaProxy.sol";

/**
 * @title StaticAggregationIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n ISM sets that are used to verify
 * interchain messages.
 */
contract StaticAggregationIsm is AbstractAggregationIsm {
    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of ISMs responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of ISMs that must verify
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @return modules The array of ISM addresses
     * @return threshold The number of ISMs needed to verify
     */
    function modulesAndThreshold(
        bytes calldata
    ) public view virtual override returns (address[] memory, uint8) {
        return abi.decode(MetaProxy.metadata(), (address[], uint8));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {StaticAggregationIsm} from "./StaticAggregationIsm.sol";
import {StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory} from "../../libs/StaticAddressSetFactory.sol";

contract StaticAggregationIsmFactory is StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory {
    function _deployImplementation()
        internal
        virtual
        override
        returns (address)
    {
        return address(new StaticAggregationIsm());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {ICcipReadIsm} from "../../interfaces/isms/ICcipReadIsm.sol";
import {IMailbox} from "../../interfaces/IMailbox.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {AbstractMultisigIsm} from "../multisig/AbstractMultisigIsm.sol";

/**
 * @title AbstractCcipReadIsm
 * @notice An ISM that allows arbitrary payloads to be submitted and verified on chain
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3668
 * @dev The AbstractCcipReadIsm provided by Hyperlane is left intentionally minimalist as
 * the range of applications that could be supported by a CcipReadIsm are so broad. However
 * there are few things to note when building a custom CcipReadIsm.
 *
 * 1. `getOffchainVerifyInfo` should revert with a `OffchainLookup` error, which encodes
 *    the data necessary to query for offchain information
 * 2. For full CCIP Read specification compatibility, CcipReadIsm's should expose a function
 *    that in turn calls `process` on the configured Mailbox with the provided metadata and
 *    message. This functions selector should be provided as the `callbackFunction` payload
 *    for the OffchainLookup error
 */
abstract contract AbstractCcipReadIsm is ICcipReadIsm {
    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.CCIP_READ);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {LibBit} from "../../libs/LibBit.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============

import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @title AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm
 * @notice Uses external verification options to verify interchain messages which need a authorized caller
 */
abstract contract AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm is
    IInterchainSecurityModule,
    Initializable
{
    using Address for address payable;
    using LibBit for uint256;
    using Message for bytes;
    // ============ Public Storage ============

    /// @notice Maps messageId to whether or not the message has been verified
    /// first bit is boolean for verification
    /// rest of bits is the amount to send to the recipient
    /// @dev bc of the bit packing, we can only send up to 2^255 wei
    /// @dev the first bit is reserved for verification and the rest 255 bits are for the msg.value
    mapping(bytes32 => uint256) public verifiedMessages;
    /// @notice Index of verification bit in verifiedMessages
    uint256 public constant VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX = 255;
    /// @notice address for the authorized hook
    bytes32 public authorizedHook;

    // ============ Events ============

    /// @notice Emitted when a message is received from the external bridge
    event ReceivedMessage(bytes32 indexed messageId);

    // ============ Initializer ============

    function setAuthorizedHook(bytes32 _hook) external initializer {
        require(
            _hook != bytes32(0),
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm: invalid authorized hook"
        );
        authorizedHook = _hook;
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Verify a message was received by ISM.
     * @param message Message to verify.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes calldata,
        /*_metadata*/
        bytes calldata message
    ) external returns (bool) {
        bytes32 messageId = message.id();

        // check for the first bit (used for verification)
        bool verified = verifiedMessages[messageId].isBitSet(
            VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX
        );
        // rest 255 bits contains the msg.value passed from the hook
        if (verified) {
            uint256 _msgValue = verifiedMessages[messageId].clearBit(
                VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX
            );
            if (_msgValue > 0) {
                verifiedMessages[messageId] -= _msgValue;
                payable(message.recipientAddress()).sendValue(_msgValue);
            }
        }
        return verified;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Receive a message from the AbstractMessageIdAuthHook
     * @dev Only callable by the authorized hook.
     * @param messageId Hyperlane Id of the message.
     */
    function verifyMessageId(bytes32 messageId) public payable virtual {
        require(
            _isAuthorized(),
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm: sender is not the hook"
        );
        require(
            msg.value < 2 ** VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX,
            "AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm: msg.value must be less than 2^255"
        );

        verifiedMessages[messageId] = msg.value.setBit(VERIFIED_MASK_INDEX);
        emit ReceivedMessage(messageId);
    }

    function _isAuthorized() internal view virtual returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm} from "./AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============

import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC5164Ism
 * @notice Uses the generic eip-5164 standard to verify interchain messages.
 */
contract ERC5164Ism is AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm {
    // ============ Constants ============

    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.NULL);
    // corresponding 5164 executor address
    address public immutable executor;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _executor) {
        require(Address.isContract(_executor), "ERC5164Ism: invalid executor");
        executor = _executor;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Check if sender is authorized to message `verifyMessageId`.
     */
    function _isAuthorized() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == executor;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "../../../libs/Message.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm} from "../AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Origin} from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/interfaces/ILayerZeroEndpointV2.sol";

/**
 * @title LayerZeroV2Ism
 * @notice Uses LayerZero V2 deliver and verify a messages Id
 */
contract LayerZeroV2Ism is AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm {
    using Message for bytes;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    // Layerzero endpoint address
    address public immutable endpoint;

    // ============ Constants ============

    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.NULL);

    // @dev the offset of msg.data where the function parameters (as bytes) begins. 4 bytes is always used when encoding the function selector
    uint8 constant FUNC_SELECTOR_OFFSET = 4;

    // @dev the offset of msg.data where Origin.sender begins. 32 is always used since calldata comes in 32 bytes.
    uint8 constant ORIGIN_SENDER_OFFSET = FUNC_SELECTOR_OFFSET + 32;

    // ============ Constructor ============
    constructor(address _endpoint) {
        require(
            _endpoint != address(0),
            "LayerZeroV2Ism: invalid authorized endpoint"
        );
        endpoint = _endpoint;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Entry point for receiving msg/packet from the LayerZero endpoint.
     * @param _lzMessage The payload of the received message.
     * @dev Authorization verification is done within verifyMessageId() -> _isAuthorized()
     */
    function lzReceive(
        Origin calldata,
        bytes32,
        bytes calldata _lzMessage,
        address,
        bytes calldata
    ) external payable {
        verifyMessageId(_messageId(_lzMessage));
    }

    // ============ Internal function ============

    /**
     * @notice Slices the messageId from the message delivered from LayerZeroV2Hook
     * @dev message is created as abi.encodeCall(AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.verifyMessageId, id)
     * @dev _message will be 36 bytes (4 bytes for function selector, and 32 bytes for messageId)
     */
    function _messageId(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_message[FUNC_SELECTOR_OFFSET:]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Validates criteria to verify a message
     * @dev this is called by AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.verifyMessageId
     * @dev parses msg.value to get parameters from lzReceive()
     */
    function _isAuthorized() internal view override returns (bool) {
        require(_isAuthorizedHook(), "LayerZeroV2Ism: hook is not authorized");

        require(
            _isAuthorizedEndPoint(),
            "LayerZeroV2Ism: endpoint is not authorized"
        );

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice check if origin.sender is the authorized hook
     */
    function _isAuthorizedHook() internal view returns (bool) {
        return bytes32(msg.data[ORIGIN_SENDER_OFFSET:]) == authorizedHook;
    }

    /**
     * @notice check if LayerZero endpoint is authorized
     */
    function _isAuthorizedEndPoint() internal view returns (bool) {
        return msg.sender == endpoint;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm} from "./AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {CrossChainEnabledOptimism} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/crosschain/optimism/CrossChainEnabledOptimism.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title OPStackIsm
 * @notice Uses the native Optimism bridge to verify interchain messages.
 */
contract OPStackIsm is
    CrossChainEnabledOptimism,
    AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm
{
    // ============ Constants ============

    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.NULL);

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _l2Messenger) CrossChainEnabledOptimism(_l2Messenger) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_l2Messenger),
            "OPStackIsm: invalid L2Messenger"
        );
    }

    // ============ Internal function ============

    /**
     * @notice Check if sender is authorized to message `verifyMessageId`.
     */
    function _isAuthorized() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return
            _crossChainSender() == TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(authorizedHook);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm} from "./AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {CrossChainEnabledPolygonChild} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/crosschain/polygon/CrossChainEnabledPolygonChild.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title PolygonPosIsm
 * @notice Uses the native Polygon Pos Fx Portal Bridge to verify interchain messages.
 */
contract PolygonPosIsm is
    CrossChainEnabledPolygonChild,
    AbstractMessageIdAuthorizedIsm
{
    // ============ Constants ============

    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.NULL);

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _fxChild) CrossChainEnabledPolygonChild(_fxChild) {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_fxChild),
            "PolygonPosIsm: invalid FxChild contract"
        );
    }

    // ============ Internal function ============

    /**
     * @notice Check if sender is authorized to message `verifyMessageId`.
     */
    function _isAuthorized() internal view override returns (bool) {
        return
            _crossChainSender() == TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(authorizedHook);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * Format of metadata:
 *
 * [????:????] Metadata start/end uint32 ranges, packed as uint64
 * [????:????] ISM metadata, packed encoding
 */
library AggregationIsmMetadata {
    uint256 private constant RANGE_SIZE = 4;

    /**
     * @notice Returns whether or not metadata was provided for the ISM at
     * `_index`
     * @dev Callers must ensure _index is less than the number of metadatas
     * provided
     * @param _metadata Encoded Aggregation ISM metadata
     * @param _index The index of the ISM to check for metadata for
     * @return Whether or not metadata was provided for the ISM at `_index`
     */
    function hasMetadata(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint8 _index
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        (uint32 _start, ) = _metadataRange(_metadata, _index);
        return _start > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the metadata provided for the ISM at `_index`
     * @dev Callers must ensure _index is less than the number of metadatas
     * provided
     * @dev Callers must ensure `hasMetadata(_metadata, _index)`
     * @param _metadata Encoded Aggregation ISM metadata
     * @param _index The index of the ISM to return metadata for
     * @return The metadata provided for the ISM at `_index`
     */
    function metadataAt(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint8 _index
    ) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        (uint32 _start, uint32 _end) = _metadataRange(_metadata, _index);
        return _metadata[_start:_end];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the range of the metadata provided for the ISM at
     * `_index`, or zeroes if not provided
     * @dev Callers must ensure _index is less than the number of metadatas
     * provided
     * @param _metadata Encoded Aggregation ISM metadata
     * @param _index The index of the ISM to return metadata range for
     * @return The range of the metadata provided for the ISM at `_index`, or
     * zeroes if not provided
     */
    function _metadataRange(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint8 _index
    ) private pure returns (uint32, uint32) {
        uint256 _start = (uint32(_index) * RANGE_SIZE * 2);
        uint256 _mid = _start + RANGE_SIZE;
        uint256 _end = _mid + RANGE_SIZE;
        return (
            uint32(bytes4(_metadata[_start:_mid])),
            uint32(bytes4(_metadata[_mid:_end]))
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * Format of metadata:
 * [   0:  32] Origin merkle tree address
 * [  32:  36] Index of message ID in merkle tree
 * [  36:  68] Signed checkpoint message ID
 * [  68:1092] Merkle proof
 * [1092:1096] Signed checkpoint index (computed from proof and index)
 * [1096:????] Validator signatures (length := threshold * 65)
 */
library MerkleRootMultisigIsmMetadata {
    uint8 private constant ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET = 0;
    uint8 private constant MESSAGE_INDEX_OFFSET = 32;
    uint8 private constant MESSAGE_ID_OFFSET = 36;
    uint8 private constant MERKLE_PROOF_OFFSET = 68;
    uint16 private constant MERKLE_PROOF_LENGTH = 32 * 32;
    uint16 private constant SIGNED_INDEX_OFFSET = 1092;
    uint16 private constant SIGNATURES_OFFSET = 1096;
    uint8 private constant SIGNATURE_LENGTH = 65;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the origin merkle tree hook of the signed checkpoint as bytes32.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Origin merkle tree hook of the signed checkpoint as bytes32
     */
    function originMerkleTreeHook(
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            bytes32(
                _metadata[ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET:ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET +
                    32]
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the message being proven.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Index of the target message in the merkle tree.
     */
    function messageIndex(
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return
            uint32(
                bytes4(_metadata[MESSAGE_INDEX_OFFSET:MESSAGE_INDEX_OFFSET + 4])
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the index of the signed checkpoint.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Index of the signed checkpoint
     */
    function signedIndex(
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return
            uint32(
                bytes4(_metadata[SIGNED_INDEX_OFFSET:SIGNED_INDEX_OFFSET + 4])
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message ID of the signed checkpoint.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Message ID of the signed checkpoint
     */
    function signedMessageId(
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_metadata[MESSAGE_ID_OFFSET:MESSAGE_ID_OFFSET + 32]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the merkle proof branch of the message.
     * @dev This appears to be more gas efficient than returning a calldata
     * slice and using that.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Merkle proof branch of the message.
     */
    function proof(
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32[32] memory) {
        return
            abi.decode(
                _metadata[MERKLE_PROOF_OFFSET:MERKLE_PROOF_OFFSET +
                    MERKLE_PROOF_LENGTH],
                (bytes32[32])
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the validator ECDSA signature at `_index`.
     * @dev Assumes signatures are sorted by validator
     * @dev Assumes `_metadata` encodes `threshold` signatures.
     * @dev Assumes `_index` is less than `threshold`
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @param _index The index of the signature to return.
     * @return The validator ECDSA signature at `_index`.
     */
    function signatureAt(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        uint256 _start = SIGNATURES_OFFSET + (_index * SIGNATURE_LENGTH);
        uint256 _end = _start + SIGNATURE_LENGTH;
        return _metadata[_start:_end];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/**
 * Format of metadata:
 * [   0:  32] Origin merkle tree address
 * [  32:  64] Signed checkpoint root
 * [  64:  68] Signed checkpoint index
 * [  68:????] Validator signatures (length := threshold * 65)
 */
library MessageIdMultisigIsmMetadata {
    uint8 private constant ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET = 0;
    uint8 private constant MERKLE_ROOT_OFFSET = 32;
    uint8 private constant MERKLE_INDEX_OFFSET = 64;
    uint8 private constant SIGNATURES_OFFSET = 68;
    uint8 private constant SIGNATURE_LENGTH = 65;

    /**
     * @notice Returns the origin merkle tree hook of the signed checkpoint as bytes32.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Origin merkle tree hook of the signed checkpoint as bytes32
     */
    function originMerkleTreeHook(
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            bytes32(
                _metadata[ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET:ORIGIN_MERKLE_TREE_OFFSET +
                    32]
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the merkle root of the signed checkpoint.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Merkle root of the signed checkpoint
     */
    function root(bytes calldata _metadata) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_metadata[MERKLE_ROOT_OFFSET:MERKLE_ROOT_OFFSET + 32]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the merkle index of the signed checkpoint.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @return Merkle index of the signed checkpoint
     */
    function index(bytes calldata _metadata) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return
            uint32(
                bytes4(_metadata[MERKLE_INDEX_OFFSET:MERKLE_INDEX_OFFSET + 4])
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the validator ECDSA signature at `_index`.
     * @dev Assumes signatures are sorted by validator
     * @dev Assumes `_metadata` encodes `threshold` signatures.
     * @dev Assumes `_index` is less than `threshold`
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded Multisig ISM metadata.
     * @param _index The index of the signature to return.
     * @return The validator ECDSA signature at `_index`.
     */
    function signatureAt(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        uint256 _start = SIGNATURES_OFFSET + (_index * SIGNATURE_LENGTH);
        uint256 _end = _start + SIGNATURE_LENGTH;
        return _metadata[_start:_end];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {AbstractMultisigIsm} from "./AbstractMultisigIsm.sol";
import {MerkleRootMultisigIsmMetadata} from "../../isms/libs/MerkleRootMultisigIsmMetadata.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {MerkleLib} from "../../libs/Merkle.sol";
import {CheckpointLib} from "../../libs/CheckpointLib.sol";

/**
 * @title `AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm` — multi-sig ISM with the validators-censorship resistance guarantee.
 * @notice This ISM allows using a newer signed checkpoint (say #33) to prove existence of an older message (#22) in the validators' MerkleTree.
 * This guarantees censorship resistance as validators cannot hide a message
 * by refusing to sign its checkpoint but later signing a checkpoint for a newer message.
 * If validators decide to censor a message, they are left with only one option — to not produce checkpoints at all.
 * Otherwise, the very next signed checkpoint (#33) can be used by any relayer to prove the previous message inclusion using this ISM.
 * This is censorship resistance is missing in the sibling implementation `AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm`,
 * since it can only verify messages having the corresponding checkpoints.
 * @dev Provides the default implementation of verifying signatures over a checkpoint and the message inclusion in that checkpoint.
 * This abstract contract can be overridden for customizing the `validatorsAndThreshold()` (static or dynamic).
 * @dev May be adapted in future to support batch message verification against a single root.
 */
abstract contract AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm is AbstractMultisigIsm {
    using MerkleRootMultisigIsmMetadata for bytes;
    using Message for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.MERKLE_ROOT_MULTISIG);

    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function digest(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure override returns (bytes32) {
        require(
            _metadata.messageIndex() <= _metadata.signedIndex(),
            "Invalid merkle index metadata"
        );
        // We verify a merkle proof of (messageId, index) I to compute root J
        bytes32 _signedRoot = MerkleLib.branchRoot(
            _message.id(),
            _metadata.proof(),
            _metadata.messageIndex()
        );
        // We provide (messageId, index) J in metadata for digest derivation
        return
            CheckpointLib.digest(
                _message.origin(),
                _metadata.originMerkleTreeHook(),
                _signedRoot,
                _metadata.signedIndex(),
                _metadata.signedMessageId()
            );
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function signatureAt(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure virtual override returns (bytes calldata) {
        return _metadata.signatureAt(_index);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {AbstractMultisigIsm} from "./AbstractMultisigIsm.sol";
import {MessageIdMultisigIsmMetadata} from "../libs/MessageIdMultisigIsmMetadata.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {CheckpointLib} from "../../libs/CheckpointLib.sol";

/**
 * @title `AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm` — multi-sig ISM for the censorship-friendly validators.
 * @notice This ISM minimizes gas/performance overhead of the checkpoints verification by compromising on the censorship resistance.
 * For censorship resistance consider using `AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm`.
 * If the validators (`validatorsAndThreshold`) skip messages by not sign checkpoints for them,
 * the relayers will not be able to aggregate a quorum of signatures sufficient to deliver these messages via this ISM.
 * Integrations are free to choose the trade-off between the censorship resistance and the gas/processing overhead.
 * @dev Provides the default implementation of verifying signatures over a checkpoint related to a specific message ID.
 * This abstract contract can be customized to change the `validatorsAndThreshold()` (static or dynamic).
 */
abstract contract AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm is AbstractMultisigIsm {
    using Message for bytes;
    using MessageIdMultisigIsmMetadata for bytes;

    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.MESSAGE_ID_MULTISIG);

    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function digest(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure override returns (bytes32) {
        return
            CheckpointLib.digest(
                _message.origin(),
                _metadata.originMerkleTreeHook(),
                _metadata.root(),
                _metadata.index(),
                _message.id()
            );
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function signatureAt(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure virtual override returns (bytes calldata) {
        return _metadata.signatureAt(_index);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============
import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {IMultisigIsm} from "../../interfaces/isms/IMultisigIsm.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {MerkleLib} from "../../libs/Merkle.sol";

/**
 * @title MultisigIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n Validator sets that are used to verify
 * interchain messages.
 * @dev See ./AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm.sol and ./AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm.sol
 * for concrete implementations of `digest` and `signatureAt`.
 * @dev See ./StaticMultisigIsm.sol for concrete implementations.
 */
abstract contract AbstractMultisigIsm is IMultisigIsm {
    // ============ Virtual Functions ============
    // ======= OVERRIDE THESE TO IMPLEMENT =======

    /**
     * @notice Returns the set of validators responsible for verifying _message
     * and the number of signatures required
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Hyperlane formatted interchain message
     * @return validators The array of validator addresses
     * @return threshold The number of validator signatures needed
     */
    function validatorsAndThreshold(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) public view virtual returns (address[] memory, uint8);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the digest to be used for signature verification.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return digest The digest to be signed by validators
     */
    function digest(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal view virtual returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the signature at a given index from the metadata.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata
     * @param _index The index of the signature to return
     * @return signature Packed encoding of signature (65 bytes)
     */
    function signatureAt(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure virtual returns (bytes calldata);

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Requires that m-of-n validators verify a merkle root,
     * and verifies a me∑rkle proof of `_message` against that root.
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     */
    function verify(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) public view returns (bool) {
        bytes32 _digest = digest(_metadata, _message);
        (
            address[] memory _validators,
            uint8 _threshold
        ) = validatorsAndThreshold(_message);
        require(_threshold > 0, "No MultisigISM threshold present for message");

        uint256 _validatorCount = _validators.length;
        uint256 _validatorIndex = 0;
        // Assumes that signatures are ordered by validator
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _threshold; ++i) {
            address _signer = ECDSA.recover(_digest, signatureAt(_metadata, i));
            // Loop through remaining validators until we find a match
            while (
                _validatorIndex < _validatorCount &&
                _signer != _validators[_validatorIndex]
            ) {
                ++_validatorIndex;
            }
            // Fail if we never found a match
            require(_validatorIndex < _validatorCount, "!threshold");
            ++_validatorIndex;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {AbstractMultisigIsm} from "./AbstractMultisigIsm.sol";
import {AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm} from "./AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm.sol";
import {AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm} from "./AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm.sol";
import {MetaProxy} from "../../libs/MetaProxy.sol";
import {StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory} from "../../libs/StaticAddressSetFactory.sol";

/**
 * @title AbstractMetaProxyMultisigIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n Validator set that is used
 * to verify interchain messages.
 */
abstract contract AbstractMetaProxyMultisigIsm is AbstractMultisigIsm {
    /**
     * @inheritdoc AbstractMultisigIsm
     */
    function validatorsAndThreshold(
        bytes calldata
    ) public pure override returns (address[] memory, uint8) {
        return abi.decode(MetaProxy.metadata(), (address[], uint8));
    }
}

// solhint-disable no-empty-blocks

/**
 * @title StaticMerkleRootMultisigIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n validator set that is used
 * to verify interchain messages using a merkle root signature quorum
 * and merkle proof of inclusion.
 */
contract StaticMerkleRootMultisigIsm is
    AbstractMerkleRootMultisigIsm,
    AbstractMetaProxyMultisigIsm
{}

/**
 * @title StaticMessageIdMultisigIsm
 * @notice Manages per-domain m-of-n validator set that is used
 * to verify interchain messages using a message ID signature quorum.
 */
contract StaticMessageIdMultisigIsm is
    AbstractMessageIdMultisigIsm,
    AbstractMetaProxyMultisigIsm
{}

// solhint-enable no-empty-blocks

contract StaticMerkleRootMultisigIsmFactory is
    StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory
{
    function _deployImplementation() internal override returns (address) {
        return address(new StaticMerkleRootMultisigIsm());
    }
}

contract StaticMessageIdMultisigIsmFactory is StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory {
    function _deployImplementation() internal override returns (address) {
        return address(new StaticMessageIdMultisigIsm());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IValidatorAnnounce} from "../../interfaces/IValidatorAnnounce.sol";
import {IMailbox} from "../../interfaces/IMailbox.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "../../client/MailboxClient.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {EnumerableSet} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol";
import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

/**
 * @title ValidatorAnnounce
 * @notice Stores the location(s) of validator signed checkpoints
 */
contract ValidatorAnnounce is MailboxClient, IValidatorAnnounce {
    // ============ Libraries ============

    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
    using TypeCasts for address;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    // The set of validators that have announced
    EnumerableSet.AddressSet private validators;
    // Storage locations of validator signed checkpoints
    mapping(address => string[]) private storageLocations;
    // Mapping to prevent the same announcement from being registered
    // multiple times.
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) private replayProtection;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a new validator announcement is made
     * @param validator The address of the announcing validator
     * @param storageLocation The storage location being announced
     */
    event ValidatorAnnouncement(
        address indexed validator,
        string storageLocation
    );

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _mailbox) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {}

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Announces a validator signature storage location
     * @param _storageLocation Information encoding the location of signed
     * checkpoints
     * @param _signature The signed validator announcement
     * @return True upon success
     */
    function announce(
        address _validator,
        string calldata _storageLocation,
        bytes calldata _signature
    ) external returns (bool) {
        // Ensure that the same storage metadata isn't being announced
        // multiple times for the same validator.
        bytes32 _replayId = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(_validator, _storageLocation)
        );
        require(replayProtection[_replayId] == false, "replay");
        replayProtection[_replayId] = true;

        // Verify that the signature matches the declared validator
        bytes32 _announcementDigest = getAnnouncementDigest(_storageLocation);
        address _signer = ECDSA.recover(_announcementDigest, _signature);
        require(_signer == _validator, "!signature");

        // Store the announcement
        if (!validators.contains(_validator)) {
            validators.add(_validator);
        }
        storageLocations[_validator].push(_storageLocation);
        emit ValidatorAnnouncement(_validator, _storageLocation);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns a list of all announced storage locations
     * @param _validators The list of validators to get registrations for
     * @return A list of registered storage metadata
     */
    function getAnnouncedStorageLocations(
        address[] calldata _validators
    ) external view returns (string[][] memory) {
        string[][] memory _metadata = new string[][](_validators.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _validators.length; i++) {
            _metadata[i] = storageLocations[_validators[i]];
        }
        return _metadata;
    }

    /// @notice Returns a list of validators that have made announcements
    function getAnnouncedValidators() external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return validators.values();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the digest validators are expected to sign when signing announcements.
     * @param _storageLocation Storage location string.
     * @return The digest of the announcement.
     */
    function getAnnouncementDigest(
        string memory _storageLocation
    ) public view returns (bytes32) {
        return
            ECDSA.toEthSignedMessageHash(
                keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_domainHash(), _storageLocation))
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the domain separator used in validator announcements.
     */
    function _domainHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    localDomain,
                    address(mailbox).addressToBytes32(),
                    "HYPERLANE_ANNOUNCEMENT"
                )
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

contract NoopIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    uint8 public constant override moduleType = uint8(Types.NULL);

    function verify(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata
    ) public pure override returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Pausable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";
import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

contract PausableIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule, Ownable, Pausable {
    uint8 public constant override moduleType = uint8(Types.NULL);

    constructor(address owner) Ownable() Pausable() {
        _transferOwnership(owner);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IInterchainSecurityModule
     * @dev Reverts when paused, otherwise returns `true`.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata
    ) external view whenNotPaused returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    function pause() external onlyOwner {
        _pause();
    }

    function unpause() external onlyOwner {
        _unpause();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {IRoutingIsm} from "../../interfaces/isms/IRoutingIsm.sol";

/**
 * @title RoutingIsm
 */
abstract contract AbstractRoutingIsm is IRoutingIsm {
    // ============ Constants ============

    // solhint-disable-next-line const-name-snakecase
    uint8 public constant moduleType =
        uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.ROUTING);

    // ============ Virtual Functions ============
    // ======= OVERRIDE THESE TO IMPLEMENT =======

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM responsible for verifying _message
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return module The ISM to use to verify _message
     */
    function route(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) public view virtual returns (IInterchainSecurityModule);

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Routes _metadata and _message to the correct ISM
     * @param _metadata ABI encoded module metadata
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     */
    function verify(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) public returns (bool) {
        return route(_message).verify(_metadata, _message);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {DomainRoutingIsm} from "./DomainRoutingIsm.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {EnumerableMapExtended} from "../../libs/EnumerableMapExtended.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "../../client/MailboxClient.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

contract DefaultFallbackRoutingIsm is DomainRoutingIsm, MailboxClient {
    using EnumerableMapExtended for EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map;
    using Address for address;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    constructor(address _mailbox) MailboxClient(_mailbox) {}

    function module(
        uint32 origin
    ) public view override returns (IInterchainSecurityModule) {
        (bool contained, bytes32 _module) = _modules.tryGet(origin);
        if (contained) {
            return IInterchainSecurityModule(_module.bytes32ToAddress());
        } else {
            return mailbox.defaultIsm();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {Strings} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Strings.sol";

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {AbstractRoutingIsm} from "./AbstractRoutingIsm.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {EnumerableMapExtended} from "../../libs/EnumerableMapExtended.sol";

/**
 * @title DomainRoutingIsm
 */
contract DomainRoutingIsm is AbstractRoutingIsm, OwnableUpgradeable {
    using EnumerableMapExtended for EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map;
    using Message for bytes;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;
    using TypeCasts for address;
    using Address for address;
    using Strings for uint32;

    // ============ Mutable Storage ============
    EnumerableMapExtended.UintToBytes32Map internal _modules;

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @param _owner The owner of the contract.
     */
    function initialize(address _owner) public initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the ISMs to be used for the specified origin domains
     * @param _owner The owner of the contract.
     * @param _domains The origin domains
     * @param __modules The ISMs to use to verify messages
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        uint32[] calldata _domains,
        IInterchainSecurityModule[] calldata __modules
    ) public initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        require(_domains.length == __modules.length, "length mismatch");
        uint256 _length = _domains.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _length; ++i) {
            _set(_domains[i], address(__modules[i]));
        }
        _transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the ISM to be used for the specified origin domain
     * @param _domain The origin domain
     * @param _module The ISM to use to verify messages
     */
    function set(
        uint32 _domain,
        IInterchainSecurityModule _module
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _set(_domain, address(_module));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Removes the specified origin domain
     * @param _domain The origin domain
     */
    function remove(uint32 _domain) external onlyOwner {
        _remove(_domain);
    }

    function domains() external view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        return _modules.keys();
    }

    function module(
        uint32 origin
    ) public view virtual returns (IInterchainSecurityModule) {
        (bool contained, bytes32 _module) = _modules.tryGet(origin);
        require(contained, _originNotFoundError(origin));
        return IInterchainSecurityModule(_module.bytes32ToAddress());
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============
    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM responsible for verifying _message
     * @dev Can change based on the content of _message
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return module The ISM to use to verify _message
     */
    function route(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) public view override returns (IInterchainSecurityModule) {
        return module(_message.origin());
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Removes the specified origin domain's ISM
     * @param _domain The origin domain
     */
    function _remove(uint32 _domain) internal {
        require(_modules.remove(_domain), _originNotFoundError(_domain));
    }

    function _originNotFoundError(
        uint32 _origin
    ) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string.concat("No ISM found for origin: ", _origin.toString());
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the ISM to be used for the specified origin domain
     * @param _domain The origin domain
     * @param _module The ISM to use to verify messages
     */
    function _set(uint32 _domain, address _module) internal {
        require(_module.isContract(), "ISM must be a contract");
        _modules.set(_domain, _module.addressToBytes32());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {DomainRoutingIsm} from "./DomainRoutingIsm.sol";
import {DefaultFallbackRoutingIsm} from "./DefaultFallbackRoutingIsm.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {MinimalProxy} from "../../libs/MinimalProxy.sol";

abstract contract AbstractDomainRoutingIsmFactory {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a routing module is deployed
     * @param module The deployed ISM
     */
    event ModuleDeployed(DomainRoutingIsm module);

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Deploys and initializes a DomainRoutingIsm using a minimal proxy
     * @param _owner The owner to set on the ISM
     * @param _domains The origin domains
     * @param _modules The ISMs to use to verify messages
     */
    function deploy(
        address _owner,
        uint32[] calldata _domains,
        IInterchainSecurityModule[] calldata _modules
    ) external returns (DomainRoutingIsm) {
        DomainRoutingIsm _ism = DomainRoutingIsm(
            MinimalProxy.create(implementation())
        );
        emit ModuleDeployed(_ism);
        _ism.initialize(_owner, _domains, _modules);
        return _ism;
    }

    function implementation() public view virtual returns (address);
}

/**
 * @title DomainRoutingIsmFactory
 */
contract DomainRoutingIsmFactory is AbstractDomainRoutingIsmFactory {
    // ============ Immutables ============
    address internal immutable _implementation;

    constructor() {
        _implementation = address(new DomainRoutingIsm());
    }

    function implementation() public view override returns (address) {
        return _implementation;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {AbstractRoutingIsm} from "./AbstractRoutingIsm.sol";
import {IMailbox} from "../../interfaces/IMailbox.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "../../libs/Message.sol";
import {InterchainAccountMessage} from "../../middleware/libs/InterchainAccountMessage.sol";

/**
 * @title InterchainAccountIsm
 */
contract InterchainAccountIsm is AbstractRoutingIsm {
    IMailbox private immutable mailbox;

    // ============ Constructor ============
    constructor(address _mailbox) {
        mailbox = IMailbox(_mailbox);
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM responsible for verifying _message
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (see Message.sol).
     * @return module The ISM to use to verify _message
     */
    function route(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) public view virtual override returns (IInterchainSecurityModule) {
        address _ism = InterchainAccountMessage.ism(Message.body(_message));
        if (_ism == address(0)) {
            return mailbox.defaultIsm();
        } else {
            return IInterchainSecurityModule(_ism);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";
import {Mailbox} from "../Mailbox.sol";

contract TrustedRelayerIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    using Message for bytes;

    uint8 public immutable moduleType = uint8(Types.NULL);
    Mailbox public immutable mailbox;
    address public immutable trustedRelayer;

    constructor(address _mailbox, address _trustedRelayer) {
        mailbox = Mailbox(_mailbox);
        trustedRelayer = _trustedRelayer;
    }

    function verify(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata message
    ) external view returns (bool) {
        return mailbox.processor(message.id()) == trustedRelayer;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IMailbox} from "contracts/interfaces/IMailbox.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "contracts/client/MailboxClient.sol";
import {RateLimited} from "contracts/libs/RateLimited.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "contracts/interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Message} from "contracts/libs/Message.sol";
import {TokenMessage} from "contracts/token/libs/TokenMessage.sol";

contract RateLimitedIsm is
    MailboxClient,
    RateLimited,
    IInterchainSecurityModule
{
    using Message for bytes;
    using TokenMessage for bytes;

    mapping(bytes32 messageId => bool validated) public messageValidated;

    modifier validateMessageOnce(bytes calldata _message) {
        bytes32 messageId = _message.id();
        require(!messageValidated[messageId], "MessageAlreadyValidated");
        messageValidated[messageId] = true;
        _;
    }

    constructor(
        address _mailbox,
        uint256 _maxCapacity
    ) MailboxClient(_mailbox) RateLimited(_maxCapacity) {}

    /// @inheritdoc IInterchainSecurityModule
    function moduleType() external pure returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IInterchainSecurityModule.Types.UNUSED);
    }

    /**
     * Verify a message, rate limit, and increment the sender's limit.
     * @dev ensures that this gets called by the Mailbox
     */
    function verify(
        bytes calldata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external validateMessageOnce(_message) returns (bool) {
        require(_isDelivered(_message.id()), "InvalidDeliveredMessage");

        uint256 newAmount = _message.body().amount();
        validateAndConsumeFilledLevel(newAmount);

        return true;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ External Imports ============
import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

library CheckpointLib {
    /**
     * @notice Returns the digest validators are expected to sign when signing checkpoints.
     * @param _origin The origin domain of the checkpoint.
     * @param _originmerkleTreeHook The address of the origin merkle tree hook as bytes32.
     * @param _checkpointRoot The root of the checkpoint.
     * @param _checkpointIndex The index of the checkpoint.
     * @param _messageId The message ID of the checkpoint.
     * @dev Message ID must match leaf content of checkpoint root at index.
     * @return The digest of the checkpoint.
     */
    function digest(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _originmerkleTreeHook,
        bytes32 _checkpointRoot,
        uint32 _checkpointIndex,
        bytes32 _messageId
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _domainHash = domainHash(_origin, _originmerkleTreeHook);
        return
            ECDSA.toEthSignedMessageHash(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        _domainHash,
                        _checkpointRoot,
                        _checkpointIndex,
                        _messageId
                    )
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the domain hash that validators are expected to use
     * when signing checkpoints.
     * @param _origin The origin domain of the checkpoint.
     * @param _originmerkleTreeHook The address of the origin merkle tree as bytes32.
     * @return The domain hash.
     */
    function domainHash(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _originmerkleTreeHook
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // Including the origin merkle tree address in the signature allows the slashing
        // protocol to enroll multiple trees. Otherwise, a valid signature for
        // tree A would be indistinguishable from a fraudulent signature for tree B.
        // The slashing protocol should slash if validators sign attestations for
        // anything other than a whitelisted tree.
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(_origin, _originmerkleTreeHook, "HYPERLANE")
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ============ External Imports ============
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableMap.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol";
// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {TypeCasts} from "./TypeCasts.sol";

enum EnrollmentStatus {
    UNENROLLED,
    ENROLLED,
    PENDING_UNENROLLMENT
}

struct Enrollment {
    EnrollmentStatus status;
    uint248 unenrollmentStartBlock;
}

// extends EnumerableMap with address => bytes32 type
// modelled after https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v4.8.0/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableMap.sol
library EnumerableMapEnrollment {
    using EnumerableMap for EnumerableMap.Bytes32ToBytes32Map;
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set;
    using TypeCasts for address;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    struct AddressToEnrollmentMap {
        EnumerableMap.Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    // ============ Library Functions ============

    function encode(
        Enrollment memory enrollment
    ) public pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            bytes32(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    uint8(enrollment.status),
                    enrollment.unenrollmentStartBlock
                )
            );
    }

    function decode(bytes32 encoded) public pure returns (Enrollment memory) {
        uint8 status = uint8(encoded[0]);
        uint248 unenrollmentStartBlock = uint248(uint256((encoded << 8) >> 8));
        return Enrollment(EnrollmentStatus(status), unenrollmentStartBlock);
    }

    function keys(
        AddressToEnrollmentMap storage map
    ) internal view returns (address[] memory _keys) {
        uint256 _length = map._inner.length();
        _keys = new address[](_length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _length; i++) {
            _keys[i] = address(uint160(uint256(map._inner._keys.at(i))));
        }
    }

    function set(
        AddressToEnrollmentMap storage map,
        address key,
        Enrollment memory value
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        return map._inner.set(key.addressToBytes32(), encode(value));
    }

    function get(
        AddressToEnrollmentMap storage map,
        address key
    ) internal view returns (Enrollment memory) {
        return decode(map._inner.get(key.addressToBytes32()));
    }

    function tryGet(
        AddressToEnrollmentMap storage map,
        address key
    ) internal view returns (bool, Enrollment memory) {
        (bool success, bytes32 value) = map._inner.tryGet(
            key.addressToBytes32()
        );
        return (success, decode(value));
    }

    function remove(
        AddressToEnrollmentMap storage map,
        address key
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        return map._inner.remove(key.addressToBytes32());
    }

    function contains(
        AddressToEnrollmentMap storage map,
        address key
    ) internal view returns (bool) {
        return map._inner.contains(key.addressToBytes32());
    }

    function length(
        AddressToEnrollmentMap storage map
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return map._inner.length();
    }

    function at(
        AddressToEnrollmentMap storage map,
        uint256 index
    ) internal view returns (uint256, Enrollment memory) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = map._inner.at(index);
        return (uint256(key), decode(value));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// ============ External Imports ============
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableMap.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol";

// extends EnumerableMap with uint256 => bytes32 type
// modelled after https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v4.8.0/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableMap.sol
library EnumerableMapExtended {
    using EnumerableMap for EnumerableMap.Bytes32ToBytes32Map;
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set;

    struct UintToBytes32Map {
        EnumerableMap.Bytes32ToBytes32Map _inner;
    }

    // ============ Library Functions ============
    function keys(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map
    ) internal view returns (uint256[] memory _keys) {
        uint256 _length = map._inner.length();
        _keys = new uint256[](_length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _length; i++) {
            _keys[i] = uint256(map._inner._keys.at(i));
        }
    }

    function uint32Keys(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map
    ) internal view returns (uint32[] memory _keys) {
        uint256[] memory uint256keys = keys(map);
        _keys = new uint32[](uint256keys.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < uint256keys.length; i++) {
            _keys[i] = uint32(uint256keys[i]);
        }
    }

    function set(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map,
        uint256 key,
        bytes32 value
    ) internal {
        map._inner.set(bytes32(key), value);
    }

    function get(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map,
        uint256 key
    ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return map._inner.get(bytes32(key));
    }

    function tryGet(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map,
        uint256 key
    ) internal view returns (bool, bytes32) {
        return map._inner.tryGet(bytes32(key));
    }

    function remove(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map,
        uint256 key
    ) internal returns (bool) {
        return map._inner.remove(bytes32(key));
    }

    function contains(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map,
        uint256 key
    ) internal view returns (bool) {
        return map._inner.contains(bytes32(key));
    }

    function length(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map
    ) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return map._inner.length();
    }

    function at(
        UintToBytes32Map storage map,
        uint256 index
    ) internal view returns (uint256, bytes32) {
        (bytes32 key, bytes32 value) = map._inner.at(index);
        return (uint256(key), value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

contract Indexed {
    uint256 public immutable deployedBlock;

    constructor() {
        deployedBlock = block.number;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @notice Library for bit shifting and masking
library LibBit {
    function setBit(
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return _value | (1 << _index);
    }

    function clearBit(
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return _value & ~(1 << _index);
    }

    function isBitSet(
        uint256 _value,
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return (_value >> _index) & 1 == 1;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// work based on eth2 deposit contract, which is used under CC0-1.0

/**
 * @title MerkleLib
 * @author Celo Labs Inc.
 * @notice An incremental merkle tree modeled on the eth2 deposit contract.
 **/
library MerkleLib {
    uint256 internal constant TREE_DEPTH = 32;
    uint256 internal constant MAX_LEAVES = 2 ** TREE_DEPTH - 1;

    /**
     * @notice Struct representing incremental merkle tree. Contains current
     * branch and the number of inserted leaves in the tree.
     **/
    struct Tree {
        bytes32[TREE_DEPTH] branch;
        uint256 count;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Inserts `_node` into merkle tree
     * @dev Reverts if tree is full
     * @param _node Element to insert into tree
     **/
    function insert(Tree storage _tree, bytes32 _node) internal {
        require(_tree.count < MAX_LEAVES, "merkle tree full");

        _tree.count += 1;
        uint256 size = _tree.count;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < TREE_DEPTH; i++) {
            if ((size & 1) == 1) {
                _tree.branch[i] = _node;
                return;
            }
            _node = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_tree.branch[i], _node));
            size /= 2;
        }
        // As the loop should always end prematurely with the `return` statement,
        // this code should be unreachable. We assert `false` just to be safe.
        assert(false);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates and returns`_tree`'s current root given array of zero
     * hashes
     * @param _zeroes Array of zero hashes
     * @return _current Calculated root of `_tree`
     **/
    function rootWithCtx(
        Tree storage _tree,
        bytes32[TREE_DEPTH] memory _zeroes
    ) internal view returns (bytes32 _current) {
        uint256 _index = _tree.count;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < TREE_DEPTH; i++) {
            uint256 _ithBit = (_index >> i) & 0x01;
            bytes32 _next = _tree.branch[i];
            if (_ithBit == 1) {
                _current = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_next, _current));
            } else {
                _current = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_current, _zeroes[i]));
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates and returns`_tree`'s current root
    function root(Tree storage _tree) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return rootWithCtx(_tree, zeroHashes());
    }

    /// @notice Returns array of TREE_DEPTH zero hashes
    /// @return _zeroes Array of TREE_DEPTH zero hashes
    function zeroHashes()
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes32[TREE_DEPTH] memory _zeroes)
    {
        _zeroes[0] = Z_0;
        _zeroes[1] = Z_1;
        _zeroes[2] = Z_2;
        _zeroes[3] = Z_3;
        _zeroes[4] = Z_4;
        _zeroes[5] = Z_5;
        _zeroes[6] = Z_6;
        _zeroes[7] = Z_7;
        _zeroes[8] = Z_8;
        _zeroes[9] = Z_9;
        _zeroes[10] = Z_10;
        _zeroes[11] = Z_11;
        _zeroes[12] = Z_12;
        _zeroes[13] = Z_13;
        _zeroes[14] = Z_14;
        _zeroes[15] = Z_15;
        _zeroes[16] = Z_16;
        _zeroes[17] = Z_17;
        _zeroes[18] = Z_18;
        _zeroes[19] = Z_19;
        _zeroes[20] = Z_20;
        _zeroes[21] = Z_21;
        _zeroes[22] = Z_22;
        _zeroes[23] = Z_23;
        _zeroes[24] = Z_24;
        _zeroes[25] = Z_25;
        _zeroes[26] = Z_26;
        _zeroes[27] = Z_27;
        _zeroes[28] = Z_28;
        _zeroes[29] = Z_29;
        _zeroes[30] = Z_30;
        _zeroes[31] = Z_31;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates and returns the merkle root for the given leaf
     * `_item`, a merkle branch, and the index of `_item` in the tree.
     * @param _item Merkle leaf
     * @param _branch Merkle proof
     * @param _index Index of `_item` in tree
     * @return _current Calculated merkle root
     **/
    function branchRoot(
        bytes32 _item,
        bytes32[TREE_DEPTH] memory _branch, // cheaper than calldata indexing
        uint256 _index
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 _current) {
        _current = _item;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < TREE_DEPTH; i++) {
            uint256 _ithBit = (_index >> i) & 0x01;
            // cheaper than calldata indexing _branch[i*32:(i+1)*32];
            bytes32 _next = _branch[i];
            if (_ithBit == 1) {
                _current = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_next, _current));
            } else {
                _current = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_current, _next));
            }
        }
    }

    // keccak256 zero hashes
    bytes32 internal constant Z_0 =
        hex"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_1 =
        hex"ad3228b676f7d3cd4284a5443f17f1962b36e491b30a40b2405849e597ba5fb5";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_2 =
        hex"b4c11951957c6f8f642c4af61cd6b24640fec6dc7fc607ee8206a99e92410d30";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_3 =
        hex"21ddb9a356815c3fac1026b6dec5df3124afbadb485c9ba5a3e3398a04b7ba85";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_4 =
        hex"e58769b32a1beaf1ea27375a44095a0d1fb664ce2dd358e7fcbfb78c26a19344";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_5 =
        hex"0eb01ebfc9ed27500cd4dfc979272d1f0913cc9f66540d7e8005811109e1cf2d";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_6 =
        hex"887c22bd8750d34016ac3c66b5ff102dacdd73f6b014e710b51e8022af9a1968";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_7 =
        hex"ffd70157e48063fc33c97a050f7f640233bf646cc98d9524c6b92bcf3ab56f83";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_8 =
        hex"9867cc5f7f196b93bae1e27e6320742445d290f2263827498b54fec539f756af";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_9 =
        hex"cefad4e508c098b9a7e1d8feb19955fb02ba9675585078710969d3440f5054e0";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_10 =
        hex"f9dc3e7fe016e050eff260334f18a5d4fe391d82092319f5964f2e2eb7c1c3a5";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_11 =
        hex"f8b13a49e282f609c317a833fb8d976d11517c571d1221a265d25af778ecf892";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_12 =
        hex"3490c6ceeb450aecdc82e28293031d10c7d73bf85e57bf041a97360aa2c5d99c";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_13 =
        hex"c1df82d9c4b87413eae2ef048f94b4d3554cea73d92b0f7af96e0271c691e2bb";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_14 =
        hex"5c67add7c6caf302256adedf7ab114da0acfe870d449a3a489f781d659e8becc";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_15 =
        hex"da7bce9f4e8618b6bd2f4132ce798cdc7a60e7e1460a7299e3c6342a579626d2";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_16 =
        hex"2733e50f526ec2fa19a22b31e8ed50f23cd1fdf94c9154ed3a7609a2f1ff981f";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_17 =
        hex"e1d3b5c807b281e4683cc6d6315cf95b9ade8641defcb32372f1c126e398ef7a";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_18 =
        hex"5a2dce0a8a7f68bb74560f8f71837c2c2ebbcbf7fffb42ae1896f13f7c7479a0";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_19 =
        hex"b46a28b6f55540f89444f63de0378e3d121be09e06cc9ded1c20e65876d36aa0";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_20 =
        hex"c65e9645644786b620e2dd2ad648ddfcbf4a7e5b1a3a4ecfe7f64667a3f0b7e2";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_21 =
        hex"f4418588ed35a2458cffeb39b93d26f18d2ab13bdce6aee58e7b99359ec2dfd9";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_22 =
        hex"5a9c16dc00d6ef18b7933a6f8dc65ccb55667138776f7dea101070dc8796e377";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_23 =
        hex"4df84f40ae0c8229d0d6069e5c8f39a7c299677a09d367fc7b05e3bc380ee652";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_24 =
        hex"cdc72595f74c7b1043d0e1ffbab734648c838dfb0527d971b602bc216c9619ef";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_25 =
        hex"0abf5ac974a1ed57f4050aa510dd9c74f508277b39d7973bb2dfccc5eeb0618d";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_26 =
        hex"b8cd74046ff337f0a7bf2c8e03e10f642c1886798d71806ab1e888d9e5ee87d0";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_27 =
        hex"838c5655cb21c6cb83313b5a631175dff4963772cce9108188b34ac87c81c41e";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_28 =
        hex"662ee4dd2dd7b2bc707961b1e646c4047669dcb6584f0d8d770daf5d7e7deb2e";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_29 =
        hex"388ab20e2573d171a88108e79d820e98f26c0b84aa8b2f4aa4968dbb818ea322";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_30 =
        hex"93237c50ba75ee485f4c22adf2f741400bdf8d6a9cc7df7ecae576221665d735";
    bytes32 internal constant Z_31 =
        hex"8448818bb4ae4562849e949e17ac16e0be16688e156b5cf15e098c627c0056a9";
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {TypeCasts} from "./TypeCasts.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane Message Library
 * @notice Library for formatted messages used by Mailbox
 **/
library Message {
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    uint256 private constant VERSION_OFFSET = 0;
    uint256 private constant NONCE_OFFSET = 1;
    uint256 private constant ORIGIN_OFFSET = 5;
    uint256 private constant SENDER_OFFSET = 9;
    uint256 private constant DESTINATION_OFFSET = 41;
    uint256 private constant RECIPIENT_OFFSET = 45;
    uint256 private constant BODY_OFFSET = 77;

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted (packed) Hyperlane message with provided fields
     * @dev This function should only be used in memory message construction.
     * @param _version The version of the origin and destination Mailboxes
     * @param _nonce A nonce to uniquely identify the message on its origin chain
     * @param _originDomain Domain of origin chain
     * @param _sender Address of sender as bytes32
     * @param _destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param _recipient Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param _messageBody Raw bytes of message body
     * @return Formatted message
     */
    function formatMessage(
        uint8 _version,
        uint32 _nonce,
        uint32 _originDomain,
        bytes32 _sender,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodePacked(
                _version,
                _nonce,
                _originDomain,
                _sender,
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipient,
                _messageBody
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message ID.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return ID of `_message`
     */
    function id(bytes memory _message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(_message);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message version.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Version of `_message`
     */
    function version(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(bytes1(_message[VERSION_OFFSET:NONCE_OFFSET]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message nonce.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Nonce of `_message`
     */
    function nonce(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(bytes4(_message[NONCE_OFFSET:ORIGIN_OFFSET]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message origin domain.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Origin domain of `_message`
     */
    function origin(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(bytes4(_message[ORIGIN_OFFSET:SENDER_OFFSET]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message sender as bytes32.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Sender of `_message` as bytes32
     */
    function sender(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_message[SENDER_OFFSET:DESTINATION_OFFSET]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message sender as address.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Sender of `_message` as address
     */
    function senderAddress(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        return sender(_message).bytes32ToAddress();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message destination domain.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Destination domain of `_message`
     */
    function destination(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(bytes4(_message[DESTINATION_OFFSET:RECIPIENT_OFFSET]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message recipient as bytes32.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Recipient of `_message` as bytes32
     */
    function recipient(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_message[RECIPIENT_OFFSET:BODY_OFFSET]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message recipient as address.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Recipient of `_message` as address
     */
    function recipientAddress(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (address) {
        return recipient(_message).bytes32ToAddress();
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the message body.
     * @param _message ABI encoded Hyperlane message.
     * @return Body of `_message`
     */
    function body(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        return bytes(_message[BODY_OFFSET:]);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
pragma solidity >=0.7.6;

/// @dev Adapted from https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3448
library MetaProxy {
    bytes32 private constant PREFIX =
        hex"600b380380600b3d393df3363d3d373d3d3d3d60368038038091363936013d73";
    bytes13 private constant SUFFIX = hex"5af43d3d93803e603457fd5bf3";

    function bytecode(
        address _implementation,
        bytes memory _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodePacked(
                PREFIX,
                bytes20(_implementation),
                SUFFIX,
                _metadata,
                _metadata.length
            );
    }

    function metadata() internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory data;
        assembly {
            let posOfMetadataSize := sub(calldatasize(), 32)
            let size := calldataload(posOfMetadataSize)
            let dataPtr := sub(posOfMetadataSize, size)
            data := mload(64)
            // increment free memory pointer by metadata size + 32 bytes (length)
            mstore(64, add(data, add(size, 32)))
            mstore(data, size)
            let memPtr := add(data, 32)
            calldatacopy(memPtr, dataPtr, size)
        }
        return data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

// Library for building bytecode of minimal proxies (see https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1167)
library MinimalProxy {
    bytes20 private constant PREFIX =
        hex"3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73";
    bytes15 private constant SUFFIX = hex"5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3";

    function create(address implementation) internal returns (address proxy) {
        bytes memory _bytecode = bytecode(implementation);
        assembly {
            proxy := create(0, add(_bytecode, 32), mload(_bytecode))
        }
    }

    function bytecode(
        address implementation
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encodePacked(PREFIX, bytes20(implementation), SUFFIX);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title RateLimited
 * @notice A contract used to keep track of an address sender's token amount limits.
 * @dev Implements a modified token bucket algorithm where the bucket is full in the beginning and gradually refills
 * See: https://dev.to/satrobit/rate-limiting-using-the-token-bucket-algorithm-3cjh
 **/
contract RateLimited is OwnableUpgradeable {
    uint256 public constant DURATION = 1 days; // 86400
    uint256 public filledLevel; /// @notice Current filled level
    uint256 public refillRate; /// @notice Tokens per second refill rate
    uint256 public lastUpdated; /// @notice Timestamp of the last time an action has been taken TODO prob can be uint40

    event RateLimitSet(uint256 _oldCapacity, uint256 _newCapacity);

    constructor(uint256 _capacity) {
        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
        setRefillRate(_capacity);
        filledLevel = _capacity;
    }

    error RateLimitExceeded(uint256 newLimit, uint256 targetLimit);

    /**
     * @return The max capacity where the bucket will no longer refill
     */
    function maxCapacity() public view returns (uint256) {
        return refillRate * DURATION;
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the refilled amount based on time and refill rate
     *
     * Consider an example where there is a 1e18 max token limit per day (86400s)
     * If half of the tokens has been used, and half a day (43200s) has passed,
     * then there should be a refill of 0.5e18
     *
     * To calculate:
     *   Refilled = Elapsed * RefilledRate
     *   Elapsed = timestamp - Limit.lastUpdated
     *   RefilledRate = Capacity / DURATION
     *
     *   If half of the day (43200) has passed, then
     *   (86400 - 43200) * (1e18 / 86400)  = 0.5e18
     */
    function calculateRefilledAmount() internal view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 elapsed = block.timestamp - lastUpdated;
        return elapsed * refillRate;
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the adjusted fill level based on time
     */
    function calculateCurrentLevel() public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 _capacity = maxCapacity();
        require(_capacity > 0, "RateLimitNotSet");

        if (block.timestamp > lastUpdated + DURATION) {
            // If last update is in the previous window, return the max capacity
            return _capacity;
        } else {
            // If within the window, refill the capacity
            uint256 replenishedLevel = filledLevel + calculateRefilledAmount();

            // Only return _capacity, in the case where newCurrentCapcacity overflows
            return replenishedLevel > _capacity ? _capacity : replenishedLevel;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the refill rate by giving a capacity
     * @param _capacity new maximum capacity to set
     */
    function setRefillRate(
        uint256 _capacity
    ) public onlyOwner returns (uint256) {
        uint256 _oldRefillRate = refillRate;
        uint256 _newRefillRate = _capacity / DURATION;
        refillRate = _newRefillRate;

        emit RateLimitSet(_oldRefillRate, _newRefillRate);

        return _newRefillRate;
    }

    /**
     * Validate an amount and decreases the currentCapacity
     * @param _newAmount The amount to consume the fill level
     * @return The new filled level
     */
    function validateAndConsumeFilledLevel(
        uint256 _newAmount
    ) public returns (uint256) {
        uint256 adjustedFilledLevel = calculateCurrentLevel();
        require(_newAmount <= adjustedFilledLevel, "RateLimitExceeded");

        // Reduce the filledLevel and update lastUpdated
        uint256 _filledLevel = adjustedFilledLevel - _newAmount;
        filledLevel = _filledLevel;
        lastUpdated = block.timestamp;

        return _filledLevel;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
// ============ External Imports ============
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {Create2} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Create2.sol";

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {MetaProxy} from "./MetaProxy.sol";

abstract contract StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory {
    // ============ Immutables ============
    address public immutable implementation;

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor() {
        implementation = _deployImplementation();
    }

    function _deployImplementation() internal virtual returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Deploys a StaticThresholdAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @dev Consider sorting addresses to ensure contract reuse
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @param _threshold The threshold value to use
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticThresholdAddressSet
     */
    function deploy(
        address[] calldata _values,
        uint8 _threshold
    ) public returns (address) {
        (bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _bytecode) = _saltAndBytecode(
            _values,
            _threshold
        );
        address _set = _getAddress(_salt, _bytecode);
        if (!Address.isContract(_set)) {
            _set = Create2.deploy(0, _salt, _bytecode);
        }
        return _set;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the StaticThresholdAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @dev Consider sorting addresses to ensure contract reuse
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @param _threshold The threshold value to use
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticThresholdAddressSet
     */
    function getAddress(
        address[] calldata _values,
        uint8 _threshold
    ) external view returns (address) {
        (bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _bytecode) = _saltAndBytecode(
            _values,
            _threshold
        );
        return _getAddress(_salt, _bytecode);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the StaticThresholdAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @param _salt The salt used in Create2
     * @param _bytecode The metaproxy bytecode used in Create2
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticThresholdAddressSet
     */
    function _getAddress(
        bytes32 _salt,
        bytes memory _bytecode
    ) internal view returns (address) {
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash = keccak256(_bytecode);
        return Create2.computeAddress(_salt, _bytecodeHash);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the create2 salt and bytecode for the given values
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @param _threshold The threshold value to use
     * @return _salt The salt used in Create2
     * @return _bytecode The metaproxy bytecode used in Create2
     */
    function _saltAndBytecode(
        address[] calldata _values,
        uint8 _threshold
    ) internal view returns (bytes32, bytes memory) {
        bytes memory _metadata = abi.encode(_values, _threshold);
        bytes memory _bytecode = MetaProxy.bytecode(implementation, _metadata);
        bytes32 _salt = keccak256(_metadata);
        return (_salt, _bytecode);
    }
}

abstract contract StaticAddressSetFactory is StaticThresholdAddressSetFactory {
    /**
     * @notice Deploys a StaticAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @dev Consider sorting addresses to ensure contract reuse
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticAddressSet
     */
    function deploy(address[] calldata _values) external returns (address) {
        return super.deploy(_values, uint8(_values.length));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the StaticAddressSet contract address for the given
     * values
     * @dev Consider sorting addresses to ensure contract reuse
     * @param _values An array of addresses
     * @return set The contract address representing this StaticAddressSet
     */
    function getAddress(
        address[] calldata _values
    ) external view returns (address) {
        (bytes32 _salt, bytes memory _bytecode) = _saltAndBytecode(
            _values,
            uint8(_values.length)
        );
        return super._getAddress(_salt, _bytecode);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

library TypeCasts {
    // alignment preserving cast
    function addressToBytes32(address _addr) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(uint256(uint160(_addr)));
    }

    // alignment preserving cast
    function bytes32ToAddress(bytes32 _buf) internal pure returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_buf)));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {Versioned} from "./upgrade/Versioned.sol";
import {Indexed} from "./libs/Indexed.sol";
import {Message} from "./libs/Message.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "./libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule, ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule} from "./interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "./interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {IMessageRecipient} from "./interfaces/IMessageRecipient.sol";
import {IMailbox} from "./interfaces/IMailbox.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";

contract Mailbox is IMailbox, Indexed, Versioned, OwnableUpgradeable {
    // ============ Libraries ============

    using Message for bytes;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;
    using TypeCasts for address;

    // ============ Constants ============

    // Domain of chain on which the contract is deployed
    uint32 public immutable localDomain;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    // A monotonically increasing nonce for outbound unique message IDs.
    uint32 public nonce;

    // The latest dispatched message ID used for auth in post-dispatch hooks.
    bytes32 public latestDispatchedId;

    // The default ISM, used if the recipient fails to specify one.
    IInterchainSecurityModule public defaultIsm;

    // The default post dispatch hook, used for post processing of opting-in dispatches.
    IPostDispatchHook public defaultHook;

    // The required post dispatch hook, used for post processing of ALL dispatches.
    IPostDispatchHook public requiredHook;

    // Mapping of message ID to delivery context that processed the message.
    struct Delivery {
        address processor;
        uint48 blockNumber;
    }
    mapping(bytes32 => Delivery) internal deliveries;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the default ISM is updated
     * @param module The new default ISM
     */
    event DefaultIsmSet(address indexed module);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the default hook is updated
     * @param hook The new default hook
     */
    event DefaultHookSet(address indexed hook);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the required hook is updated
     * @param hook The new required hook
     */
    event RequiredHookSet(address indexed hook);

    // ============ Constructor ============
    constructor(uint32 _localDomain) {
        localDomain = _localDomain;
    }

    // ============ Initializers ============
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        address _defaultIsm,
        address _defaultHook,
        address _requiredHook
    ) external initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        setDefaultIsm(_defaultIsm);
        setDefaultHook(_defaultHook);
        setRequiredHook(_requiredHook);
        transferOwnership(_owner);
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============
    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a message to the destination domain & recipient
     * using the default hook and empty metadata.
     * @param _destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param _recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param _messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @return The message ID inserted into the Mailbox's merkle tree
     */
    function dispatch(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) external payable override returns (bytes32) {
        return
            dispatch(
                _destinationDomain,
                _recipientAddress,
                _messageBody,
                _messageBody[0:0],
                defaultHook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a message to the destination domain & recipient.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @param hookMetadata Metadata used by the post dispatch hook
     * @return The message ID inserted into the Mailbox's merkle tree
     */
    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata hookMetadata
    ) external payable override returns (bytes32) {
        return
            dispatch(
                destinationDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                messageBody,
                hookMetadata,
                defaultHook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes quote for dipatching a message to the destination domain & recipient
     * using the default hook and empty metadata.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @return fee The payment required to dispatch the message
     */
    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee) {
        return
            quoteDispatch(
                destinationDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                messageBody,
                messageBody[0:0],
                defaultHook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes quote for dispatching a message to the destination domain & recipient.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @param defaultHookMetadata Metadata used by the default post dispatch hook
     * @return fee The payment required to dispatch the message
     */
    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata defaultHookMetadata
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee) {
        return
            quoteDispatch(
                destinationDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                messageBody,
                defaultHookMetadata,
                defaultHook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Attempts to deliver `_message` to its recipient. Verifies
     * `_message` via the recipient's ISM using the provided `_metadata`.
     * @param _metadata Metadata used by the ISM to verify `_message`.
     * @param _message Formatted Hyperlane message (refer to Message.sol).
     */
    function process(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable override {
        /// CHECKS ///

        // Check that the message was intended for this mailbox.
        require(_message.version() == VERSION, "Mailbox: bad version");
        require(
            _message.destination() == localDomain,
            "Mailbox: unexpected destination"
        );

        // Check that the message hasn't already been delivered.
        bytes32 _id = _message.id();
        require(delivered(_id) == false, "Mailbox: already delivered");

        // Get the recipient's ISM.
        address recipient = _message.recipientAddress();
        IInterchainSecurityModule ism = recipientIsm(recipient);

        /// EFFECTS ///

        deliveries[_id] = Delivery({
            processor: msg.sender,
            blockNumber: uint48(block.number)
        });
        emit Process(_message.origin(), _message.sender(), recipient);
        emit ProcessId(_id);

        /// INTERACTIONS ///

        // Verify the message via the interchain security module.
        require(
            ism.verify(_metadata, _message),
            "Mailbox: ISM verification failed"
        );

        // Deliver the message to the recipient.
        IMessageRecipient(recipient).handle{value: msg.value}(
            _message.origin(),
            _message.sender(),
            _message.body()
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the account that processed the message.
     * @param _id The message ID to check.
     * @return The account that processed the message.
     */
    function processor(bytes32 _id) external view returns (address) {
        return deliveries[_id].processor;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the account that processed the message.
     * @param _id The message ID to check.
     * @return The number of the block that the message was processed at.
     */
    function processedAt(bytes32 _id) external view returns (uint48) {
        return deliveries[_id].blockNumber;
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a message to the destination domain & recipient.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @param metadata Metadata used by the post dispatch hook
     * @param hook Custom hook to use instead of the default
     * @return The message ID inserted into the Mailbox's merkle tree
     */
    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata metadata,
        IPostDispatchHook hook
    ) public payable virtual returns (bytes32) {
        if (address(hook) == address(0)) {
            hook = defaultHook;
        }

        /// CHECKS ///

        // Format the message into packed bytes.
        bytes memory message = _buildMessage(
            destinationDomain,
            recipientAddress,
            messageBody
        );
        bytes32 id = message.id();

        /// EFFECTS ///

        latestDispatchedId = id;
        nonce += 1;
        emit Dispatch(msg.sender, destinationDomain, recipientAddress, message);
        emit DispatchId(id);

        /// INTERACTIONS ///
        uint256 requiredValue = requiredHook.quoteDispatch(metadata, message);
        // if underpaying, defer to required hook's reverting behavior
        if (msg.value < requiredValue) {
            requiredValue = msg.value;
        }
        requiredHook.postDispatch{value: requiredValue}(metadata, message);
        hook.postDispatch{value: msg.value - requiredValue}(metadata, message);

        return id;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Computes quote for dispatching a message to the destination domain & recipient.
     * @param destinationDomain Domain of destination chain
     * @param recipientAddress Address of recipient on destination chain as bytes32
     * @param messageBody Raw bytes content of message body
     * @param metadata Metadata used by the post dispatch hook
     * @param hook Custom hook to use instead of the default
     * @return fee The payment required to dispatch the message
     */
    function quoteDispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata metadata,
        IPostDispatchHook hook
    ) public view returns (uint256 fee) {
        if (address(hook) == address(0)) {
            hook = defaultHook;
        }

        bytes memory message = _buildMessage(
            destinationDomain,
            recipientAddress,
            messageBody
        );
        return
            requiredHook.quoteDispatch(metadata, message) +
            hook.quoteDispatch(metadata, message);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns true if the message has been processed.
     * @param _id The message ID to check.
     * @return True if the message has been delivered.
     */
    function delivered(bytes32 _id) public view override returns (bool) {
        return deliveries[_id].blockNumber > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the default ISM for the Mailbox.
     * @param _module The new default ISM. Must be a contract.
     */
    function setDefaultIsm(address _module) public onlyOwner {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_module),
            "Mailbox: default ISM not contract"
        );
        defaultIsm = IInterchainSecurityModule(_module);
        emit DefaultIsmSet(_module);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the default post dispatch hook for the Mailbox.
     * @param _hook The new default post dispatch hook. Must be a contract.
     */
    function setDefaultHook(address _hook) public onlyOwner {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_hook),
            "Mailbox: default hook not contract"
        );
        defaultHook = IPostDispatchHook(_hook);
        emit DefaultHookSet(_hook);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Sets the required post dispatch hook for the Mailbox.
     * @param _hook The new default post dispatch hook. Must be a contract.
     */
    function setRequiredHook(address _hook) public onlyOwner {
        require(
            Address.isContract(_hook),
            "Mailbox: required hook not contract"
        );
        requiredHook = IPostDispatchHook(_hook);
        emit RequiredHookSet(_hook);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the ISM to use for the recipient, defaulting to the
     * default ISM if none is specified.
     * @param _recipient The message recipient whose ISM should be returned.
     * @return The ISM to use for `_recipient`.
     */
    function recipientIsm(
        address _recipient
    ) public view returns (IInterchainSecurityModule) {
        // use low-level staticcall in case of revert or empty return data
        (bool success, bytes memory returnData) = _recipient.staticcall(
            abi.encodeCall(
                ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule.interchainSecurityModule,
                ()
            )
        );
        // check if call was successful and returned data
        if (success && returnData.length != 0) {
            // check if returnData is a valid address
            address ism = abi.decode(returnData, (address));
            // check if the ISM is a contract
            if (ism != address(0)) {
                return IInterchainSecurityModule(ism);
            }
        }
        // Use the default if a valid one is not specified by the recipient.
        return defaultIsm;
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============
    function _buildMessage(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            Message.formatMessage(
                VERSION,
                nonce,
                localDomain,
                msg.sender.addressToBytes32(),
                destinationDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                messageBody
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

/*@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     @@@@@  HYPERLANE  @@@@@@@
    @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
   @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
  @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
 @@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@@*/

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {OwnableMulticall} from "./libs/OwnableMulticall.sol";
import {InterchainAccountMessage} from "./libs/InterchainAccountMessage.sol";
import {CallLib} from "./libs/Call.sol";
import {MinimalProxy} from "../libs/MinimalProxy.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {StandardHookMetadata} from "../hooks/libs/StandardHookMetadata.sol";
import {EnumerableMapExtended} from "../libs/EnumerableMapExtended.sol";
import {Router} from "../client/Router.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Create2} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Create2.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/*
 * @title A contract that allows accounts on chain A to call contracts via a
 * proxy contract on chain B.
 */
contract InterchainAccountRouter is Router {
    // ============ Libraries ============

    using TypeCasts for address;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    struct AccountOwner {
        uint32 origin;
        bytes32 owner; // remote owner
    }

    // ============ Constants ============

    address internal implementation;
    bytes32 internal bytecodeHash;

    // ============ Public Storage ============
    mapping(uint32 => bytes32) public isms;
    // reverse lookup from the ICA account to the remote owner
    mapping(address => AccountOwner) public accountOwners;

    // ============ Upgrade Gap ============

    uint256[47] private __GAP;

    // ============ Events ============

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a default ISM is set for a remote domain
     * @param domain The remote domain
     * @param ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    event RemoteIsmEnrolled(uint32 indexed domain, bytes32 ism);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an interchain call is dispatched to a remote domain
     * @param destination The destination domain on which to make the call
     * @param owner The local owner of the remote ICA
     * @param router The address of the remote router
     * @param ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    event RemoteCallDispatched(
        uint32 indexed destination,
        address indexed owner,
        bytes32 router,
        bytes32 ism
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when an interchain account contract is deployed
     * @param origin The domain of the chain where the message was sent from
     * @param owner The address of the account that sent the message
     * @param ism The address of the local ISM
     * @param account The address of the proxy account that was created
     */
    event InterchainAccountCreated(
        uint32 indexed origin,
        bytes32 indexed owner,
        address ism,
        address account
    );

    // ============ Constructor ============

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    // ============ Initializers ============

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the contract with HyperlaneConnectionClient contracts
     * @param _customHook used by the Router to set the hook to override with
     * @param _interchainSecurityModule The address of the local ISM contract
     * @param _owner The address with owner privileges
     */
    function initialize(
        address _customHook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) external initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(
            _customHook,
            _interchainSecurityModule,
            _owner
        );

        implementation = address(new OwnableMulticall(address(this)));
        // cannot be stored immutably because it is dynamically sized
        bytes memory _bytecode = MinimalProxy.bytecode(implementation);
        bytecodeHash = keccak256(_bytecode);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Registers the address of remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * and ISM contracts to use as a default when making interchain calls
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _router The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    function enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(_destination, _router, _ism);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Registers the address of remote InterchainAccountRouters
     * and ISM contracts to use as defaults when making interchain calls
     * @param _destinations The remote domains
     * @param _routers The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouters
     * @param _isms The address of the remote ISMs
     */
    function enrollRemoteRouterAndIsms(
        uint32[] calldata _destinations,
        bytes32[] calldata _routers,
        bytes32[] calldata _isms
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _destinations.length == _routers.length &&
                _destinations.length == _isms.length,
            "length mismatch"
        );
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _destinations.length; i++) {
            _enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(_destinations[i], _routers[i], _isms[i]);
        }
    }

    // ============ External Functions ============
    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a single remote call to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Uses the default router and ISM addresses for the destination
     * domain, reverting if none have been configured
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _to The address of the contract to call
     * @param _value The value to include in the call
     * @param _data The calldata
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) external payable returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _router = routers(_destination);
        bytes32 _ism = isms[_destination];
        bytes memory _body = InterchainAccountMessage.encode(
            msg.sender,
            _ism,
            _to,
            _value,
            _data
        );
        return _dispatchMessage(_destination, _router, _ism, _body);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a single remote call to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Uses the default router and ISM addresses for the destination
     * domain, reverting if none have been configured
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _to The address of the contract to call
     * @param _value The value to include in the call
     * @param _data The calldata
     * @param _hookMetadata The hook metadata to override with for the hook set by the owner
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data,
        bytes memory _hookMetadata
    ) external payable returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _router = routers(_destination);
        bytes32 _ism = isms[_destination];
        bytes memory _body = InterchainAccountMessage.encode(
            msg.sender,
            _ism,
            _to,
            _value,
            _data
        );
        return
            _dispatchMessageWithMetadata(
                _destination,
                _router,
                _ism,
                _body,
                _hookMetadata
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of remote calls to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Uses the default router and ISM addresses for the destination
     * domain, reverting if none have been configured
     * @dev Recommend using CallLib.build to format the interchain calls.
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls
    ) external payable returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _router = routers(_destination);
        bytes32 _ism = isms[_destination];
        bytes memory _body = InterchainAccountMessage.encode(
            msg.sender,
            _ism,
            _calls
        );

        return _dispatchMessage(_destination, _router, _ism, _body);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of remote calls to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Uses the default router and ISM addresses for the destination
     * domain, reverting if none have been configured
     * @dev Recommend using CallLib.build to format the interchain calls.
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @param _hookMetadata The hook metadata to override with for the hook set by the owner
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls,
        bytes calldata _hookMetadata
    ) external payable returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 _router = routers(_destination);
        bytes32 _ism = isms[_destination];
        return
            callRemoteWithOverrides(
                _destination,
                _router,
                _ism,
                _calls,
                _hookMetadata
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Handles dispatched messages by relaying calls to the interchain account
     * @param _origin The origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _sender The sender of the interchain message
     * @param _message The InterchainAccountMessage containing the account
     * owner, ISM, and sequence of calls to be relayed
     * @dev Does not need to be onlyRemoteRouter, as this application is designed
     * to receive messages from untrusted remote contracts.
     */
    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external payable override onlyMailbox {
        (
            bytes32 _owner,
            bytes32 _ism,
            CallLib.Call[] memory _calls
        ) = InterchainAccountMessage.decode(_message);

        OwnableMulticall _interchainAccount = getDeployedInterchainAccount(
            _origin,
            _owner,
            _sender,
            _ism.bytes32ToAddress()
        );
        _interchainAccount.multicall(_calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the local address of an interchain account
     * @dev This interchain account is not guaranteed to have been deployed
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote origin InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The local address of the interchain account
     */
    function getLocalInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _origin,
        address _owner,
        address _router,
        address _ism
    ) external view returns (OwnableMulticall) {
        return
            getLocalInterchainAccount(
                _origin,
                _owner.addressToBytes32(),
                _router.addressToBytes32(),
                _ism
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the remote address of a locally owned interchain account
     * @dev This interchain account is not guaranteed to have been deployed
     * @dev This function will only work if the destination domain is
     * EVM compatible
     * @param _destination The remote destination domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The local owner of the interchain account
     * @return The remote address of the interchain account
     */
    function getRemoteInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _destination,
        address _owner
    ) external view returns (address) {
        address _router = routers(_destination).bytes32ToAddress();
        address _ism = isms[_destination].bytes32ToAddress();
        return getRemoteInterchainAccount(_owner, _router, _ism);
    }

    // ============ Public Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Returns and deploys (if not already) an interchain account
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote origin InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The address of the interchain account
     */
    function getDeployedInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _origin,
        address _owner,
        address _router,
        address _ism
    ) public returns (OwnableMulticall) {
        return
            getDeployedInterchainAccount(
                _origin,
                _owner.addressToBytes32(),
                _router.addressToBytes32(),
                _ism
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns and deploys (if not already) an interchain account
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote origin InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The address of the interchain account
     */
    function getDeployedInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _owner,
        bytes32 _router,
        address _ism
    ) public returns (OwnableMulticall) {
        bytes32 _salt = _getSalt(
            _origin,
            _owner,
            _router,
            _ism.addressToBytes32()
        );
        address payable _account = _getLocalInterchainAccount(_salt);
        if (!Address.isContract(_account)) {
            bytes memory _bytecode = MinimalProxy.bytecode(implementation);
            _account = payable(Create2.deploy(0, _salt, _bytecode));
            accountOwners[_account] = AccountOwner(_origin, _owner);
            emit InterchainAccountCreated(_origin, _owner, _ism, _account);
        }
        return OwnableMulticall(_account);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the local address of a remotely owned interchain account
     * @dev This interchain account is not guaranteed to have been deployed
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The local address of the interchain account
     */
    function getLocalInterchainAccount(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _owner,
        bytes32 _router,
        address _ism
    ) public view returns (OwnableMulticall) {
        return
            OwnableMulticall(
                _getLocalInterchainAccount(
                    _getSalt(_origin, _owner, _router, _ism.addressToBytes32())
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the remote address of a locally owned interchain account
     * @dev This interchain account is not guaranteed to have been deployed
     * @dev This function will only work if the destination domain is
     * EVM compatible
     * @param _owner The local owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The remote address of the ISM
     * @return The remote address of the interchain account
     */
    function getRemoteInterchainAccount(
        address _owner,
        address _router,
        address _ism
    ) public view returns (address) {
        require(_router != address(0), "no router specified for destination");
        // Derives the address of the first contract deployed by _router using
        // the CREATE opcode.
        address _implementation = address(
            uint160(
                uint256(
                    keccak256(
                        abi.encodePacked(
                            bytes1(0xd6),
                            bytes1(0x94),
                            _router,
                            bytes1(0x01)
                        )
                    )
                )
            )
        );
        bytes memory _proxyBytecode = MinimalProxy.bytecode(_implementation);
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash = keccak256(_proxyBytecode);
        bytes32 _salt = _getSalt(
            localDomain,
            _owner.addressToBytes32(),
            address(this).addressToBytes32(),
            _ism.addressToBytes32()
        );
        return Create2.computeAddress(_salt, _bytecodeHash, _router);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of remote calls to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Recommend using CallLib.build to format the interchain calls
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _router The remote router address
     * @param _ism The remote ISM address
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemoteWithOverrides(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls
    ) public payable returns (bytes32) {
        bytes memory _body = InterchainAccountMessage.encode(
            msg.sender,
            _ism,
            _calls
        );
        return _dispatchMessage(_destination, _router, _ism, _body);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of remote calls to be made by an owner's
     * interchain account on the destination domain
     * @dev Recommend using CallLib.build to format the interchain calls
     * @param _destination The remote domain of the chain to make calls on
     * @param _router The remote router address
     * @param _ism The remote ISM address
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @param _hookMetadata The hook metadata to override with for the hook set by the owner
     * @return The Hyperlane message ID
     */
    function callRemoteWithOverrides(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls,
        bytes memory _hookMetadata
    ) public payable returns (bytes32) {
        bytes memory _body = InterchainAccountMessage.encode(
            msg.sender,
            _ism,
            _calls
        );
        return
            _dispatchMessageWithMetadata(
                _destination,
                _router,
                _ism,
                _body,
                _hookMetadata
            );
    }

    // ============ Internal Functions ============

    /**
     * @dev Required for use of Router, compiler will not include this function in the bytecode
     */
    function _handle(uint32, bytes32, bytes calldata) internal pure override {
        assert(false);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Overrides Router._enrollRemoteRouter to also enroll a default ISM
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _address The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @dev Sets the default ISM to the zero address
     */
    function _enrollRemoteRouter(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _address
    ) internal override {
        _enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(_destination, _address, bytes32(0));
    }

    // ============ Private Functions ============

    /**
     * @notice Registers the address of a remote ISM contract to use as default
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    function _enrollRemoteIsm(uint32 _destination, bytes32 _ism) private {
        isms[_destination] = _ism;
        emit RemoteIsmEnrolled(_destination, _ism);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Registers the address of remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * and ISM contracts to use as a default when making interchain calls
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _router The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     */
    function _enrollRemoteRouterAndIsm(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism
    ) private {
        require(
            routers(_destination) == bytes32(0) &&
                isms[_destination] == bytes32(0),
            "router and ISM defaults are immutable once set"
        );
        Router._enrollRemoteRouter(_destination, _router);
        _enrollRemoteIsm(_destination, _ism);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches an InterchainAccountMessage to the remote router
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _router The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _body The InterchainAccountMessage body
     */
    function _dispatchMessage(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism,
        bytes memory _body
    ) private returns (bytes32) {
        require(_router != bytes32(0), "no router specified for destination");
        emit RemoteCallDispatched(_destination, msg.sender, _router, _ism);
        return mailbox.dispatch{value: msg.value}(_destination, _router, _body);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches an InterchainAccountMessage to the remote router with hook metadata
     * @param _destination The remote domain
     * @param _router The address of the remote InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _body The InterchainAccountMessage body
     * @param _hookMetadata The hook metadata to override with for the hook set by the owner
     */
    function _dispatchMessageWithMetadata(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism,
        bytes memory _body,
        bytes memory _hookMetadata
    ) private returns (bytes32) {
        require(_router != bytes32(0), "no router specified for destination");
        emit RemoteCallDispatched(_destination, msg.sender, _router, _ism);
        return
            mailbox.dispatch{value: msg.value}(
                _destination,
                _router,
                _body,
                _hookMetadata
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the salt used to deploy an interchain account
     * @param _origin The remote origin domain of the interchain account
     * @param _owner The remote owner of the interchain account
     * @param _router The remote origin InterchainAccountRouter
     * @param _ism The local address of the ISM
     * @return The CREATE2 salt used for deploying the interchain account
     */
    function _getSalt(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _owner,
        bytes32 _router,
        bytes32 _ism
    ) private pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_origin, _owner, _router, _ism));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the address of the interchain account on the local chain
     * @param _salt The CREATE2 salt used for deploying the interchain account
     * @return The address of the interchain account
     */
    function _getLocalInterchainAccount(
        bytes32 _salt
    ) private view returns (address payable) {
        return payable(Create2.computeAddress(_salt, bytecodeHash));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the gas payment required to dispatch a message to the given domain's router.
     * @param _destination The domain of the destination router.
     * @return _gasPayment Payment computed by the registered hooks via MailboxClient.
     */
    function quoteGasPayment(
        uint32 _destination
    ) external view returns (uint256 _gasPayment) {
        return _quoteDispatch(_destination, "");
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the gas payment required to dispatch a given messageBody to the given domain's router with gas limit override.
     * @param _destination The domain of the destination router.
     * @param _messageBody The message body to be dispatched.
     * @param gasLimit The gas limit to override with.
     */
    function quoteGasPayment(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes calldata _messageBody,
        uint256 gasLimit
    ) external view returns (uint256 _gasPayment) {
        bytes32 _router = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destination);
        return
            mailbox.quoteDispatch(
                _destination,
                _router,
                _messageBody,
                StandardHookMetadata.overrideGasLimit(gasLimit)
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {Router} from "../client/Router.sol";
import {CallLib} from "./libs/Call.sol";
import {InterchainQueryMessage} from "./libs/InterchainQueryMessage.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

// ============ External Imports ============
import {Create2} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Create2.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";
import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @title Interchain Query Router that performs remote view calls on other chains and returns the result.
 * @dev Currently does not support Sovereign Consensus (user specified Interchain Security Modules).
 */
contract InterchainQueryRouter is Router {
    using TypeCasts for address;
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;
    using InterchainQueryMessage for bytes;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a query is dispatched to another chain.
     * @param destination The domain of the chain to query.
     * @param sender The address that dispatched the query.
     */
    event QueryDispatched(uint32 indexed destination, address indexed sender);
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a query is executed on the and callback dispatched to the origin chain.
     * @param originDomain The domain of the chain that dispatched the query and receives the callback.
     * @param sender The address to receive the result.
     */
    event QueryExecuted(uint32 indexed originDomain, bytes32 indexed sender);
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a query is resolved on the origin chain.
     * @param destination The domain of the chain that was queried.
     * @param sender The address that resolved the query.
     */
    event QueryResolved(uint32 indexed destination, address indexed sender);

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the Router contract with Hyperlane core contracts and the address of the interchain security module.
     * @param _interchainGasPaymaster The address of the interchain gas paymaster contract.
     * @param _interchainSecurityModule The address of the interchain security module contract.
     * @param _owner The address with owner privileges.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _interchainGasPaymaster,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) external initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(
            _interchainGasPaymaster,
            _interchainSecurityModule,
            _owner
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of static calls (query) to the destination domain and set of callbacks to resolve the results on the dispatcher.
     * @param _destination The domain of the chain to query.
     * @param _to The address of the contract to query
     * @param _data The calldata encoding the query
     * @param _callback The calldata of the callback that will be made on the sender.
     * The return value of the query will be appended.
     * @dev Callbacks must be returned to the `msg.sender` for security reasons. Require this contract is the `msg.sender` on callbacks.
     */
    function query(
        uint32 _destination,
        address _to,
        bytes memory _data,
        bytes memory _callback
    ) public returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        emit QueryDispatched(_destination, msg.sender);

        messageId = _dispatch(
            _destination,
            InterchainQueryMessage.encode(
                msg.sender.addressToBytes32(),
                _to,
                _data,
                _callback
            )
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Dispatches a sequence of static calls (query) to the destination domain and set of callbacks to resolve the results on the dispatcher.
     * @param _destination The domain of the chain to query.
     * @param calls The sequence of static calls to dispatch and callbacks on the sender to resolve the results.
     * @dev Recommend using CallLib.build to format the interchain calls.
     * @dev Callbacks must be returned to the `msg.sender` for security reasons. Require this contract is the `msg.sender` on callbacks.
     */
    function query(
        uint32 _destination,
        CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[] calldata calls
    ) public returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        emit QueryDispatched(_destination, msg.sender);
        messageId = _dispatch(
            _destination,
            InterchainQueryMessage.encode(msg.sender.addressToBytes32(), calls)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Handles a message from remote enrolled Interchain Query Router.
     * @param _origin The domain of the chain that sent the message.
     * @param _message The ABI-encoded interchain query.
     */
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32, // router sender
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal override {
        InterchainQueryMessage.MessageType messageType = _message.messageType();
        bytes32 sender = _message.sender();
        if (messageType == InterchainQueryMessage.MessageType.QUERY) {
            CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[]
                memory callsWithCallback = InterchainQueryMessage
                    .callsWithCallbacks(_message);
            bytes[] memory callbacks = CallLib.multistaticcall(
                callsWithCallback
            );
            emit QueryExecuted(_origin, sender);
            _dispatch(
                _origin,
                InterchainQueryMessage.encode(sender, callbacks)
            );
        } else if (messageType == InterchainQueryMessage.MessageType.RESPONSE) {
            address senderAddress = sender.bytes32ToAddress();
            bytes[] memory rawCalls = _message.rawCalls();
            CallLib.multicallto(senderAddress, rawCalls);
            emit QueryResolved(_origin, senderAddress);
        } else {
            assert(false);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

library CallLib {
    struct StaticCall {
        // supporting non EVM targets
        bytes32 to;
        bytes data;
    }

    struct Call {
        // supporting non EVM targets
        bytes32 to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
    }

    struct StaticCallWithCallback {
        StaticCall _call;
        bytes callback;
    }

    function call(
        Call memory _call
    ) internal returns (bytes memory returnData) {
        return
            Address.functionCallWithValue(
                TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(_call.to),
                _call.data,
                _call.value
            );
    }

    function staticcall(
        StaticCall memory _call
    ) private view returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            Address.functionStaticCall(
                TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(_call.to),
                _call.data
            );
    }

    function staticcall(
        StaticCallWithCallback memory _call
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory callback) {
        return bytes.concat(_call.callback, staticcall(_call._call));
    }

    function multicall(Call[] memory calls) internal {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 len = calls.length;
        while (i < len) {
            call(calls[i]);
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
    }

    function multistaticcall(
        StaticCallWithCallback[] memory _calls
    ) internal view returns (bytes[] memory) {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 len = _calls.length;
        bytes[] memory callbacks = new bytes[](len);
        while (i < len) {
            callbacks[i] = staticcall(_calls[i]);
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        return callbacks;
    }

    function multicallto(address to, bytes[] memory calls) internal {
        uint256 i = 0;
        uint256 len = calls.length;
        while (i < len) {
            Address.functionCall(to, calls[i]);
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
    }

    function build(
        bytes32 to,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal pure returns (StaticCall memory) {
        return StaticCall(to, data);
    }

    function build(
        address to,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal pure returns (StaticCall memory) {
        return build(TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(to), data);
    }

    function build(
        bytes32 to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal pure returns (Call memory) {
        return Call(to, value, data);
    }

    function build(
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal pure returns (Call memory) {
        return Call(TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(to), value, data);
    }

    function build(
        bytes32 to,
        bytes memory data,
        bytes memory callback
    ) internal pure returns (StaticCallWithCallback memory) {
        return StaticCallWithCallback(build(to, data), callback);
    }

    function build(
        address to,
        bytes memory data,
        bytes memory callback
    ) internal pure returns (StaticCallWithCallback memory) {
        return StaticCallWithCallback(build(to, data), callback);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {CallLib} from "./Call.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

/**
 * Format of message:
 * [   0:  32] ICA owner
 * [  32:  64] ICA ISM
 * [  64:????] Calls, abi encoded
 */
library InterchainAccountMessage {
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted (packed) InterchainAccountMessage
     * @dev This function should only be used in memory message construction.
     * @param _owner The owner of the interchain account
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _to The address of the contract to call
     * @param _value The value to include in the call
     * @param _data The calldata
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        address _owner,
        bytes32 _ism,
        address _to,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        CallLib.Call[] memory _calls = new CallLib.Call[](1);
        _calls[0] = CallLib.build(_to, _value, _data);
        return abi.encode(TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(_owner), _ism, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted (packed) InterchainAccountMessage
     * @dev This function should only be used in memory message construction.
     * @param _owner The owner of the interchain account
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        bytes32 _owner,
        bytes32 _ism,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encode(_owner, _ism, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted (packed) InterchainAccountMessage
     * @dev This function should only be used in memory message construction.
     * @param _owner The owner of the interchain account
     * @param _ism The address of the remote ISM
     * @param _calls The sequence of calls to make
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        address _owner,
        bytes32 _ism,
        CallLib.Call[] calldata _calls
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return encode(TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(_owner), _ism, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the calls from the provided message
     * @param _message The interchain account message
     * @return The array of calls
     */
    function decode(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32, bytes32, CallLib.Call[] memory) {
        return abi.decode(_message, (bytes32, bytes32, CallLib.Call[]));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the ISM address from the provided message
     * @param _message The interchain account message
     * @return The ISM encoded in the message
     */
    function ism(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (address) {
        return address(bytes20(_message[44:64]));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {CallLib} from "./Call.sol";

/**
 * Format of message:
 * [   0: 32] Sender address
 * [  32: 64] Message type (left padded with zeroes)
 * [  64:???] Encoded call array
 */
library InterchainQueryMessage {
    uint256 private constant SENDER_OFFSET = 0;
    uint256 private constant TYPE_OFFSET = 32;
    uint256 private constant CALLS_OFFSET = 64;

    enum MessageType {
        QUERY,
        RESPONSE
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the query sender from the provided message
     * @param _message The interchain query message
     * @return The query sender as bytes32
     */
    function sender(bytes calldata _message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_message[SENDER_OFFSET:TYPE_OFFSET]);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the message type from the provided message
     * @param _message The interchain query message
     * @return The message type (query or response)
     */
    function messageType(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (MessageType) {
        // left padded with zeroes
        return MessageType(uint8(bytes1(_message[CALLS_OFFSET - 1])));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted InterchainQueryMessage, type == QUERY
     * @param _sender The query sender as bytes32
     * @param _calls The sequence of queries to make, with the corresponding
     * response callbacks
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        bytes32 _sender,
        CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[] calldata _calls
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encode(_sender, MessageType.QUERY, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted InterchainQueryMessage, type == QUERY
     * @param _sender The query sender as bytes32
     * @param _to The address of the contract to query
     * @param _data The calldata encoding the query
     * @param _callback The calldata of the callback that will be made on the sender.
     * The return value of the query will be appended.
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        bytes32 _sender,
        address _to,
        bytes memory _data,
        bytes memory _callback
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[]
            memory _calls = new CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[](1);
        _calls[0] = CallLib.build(_to, _data, _callback);
        return abi.encode(_sender, MessageType.QUERY, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the calls and callbacks from the message
     * @param _message The interchain query message, type == QUERY
     * @return _calls The sequence of queries to make with the corresponding
     * response callbacks
     */
    function callsWithCallbacks(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[] memory _calls) {
        assert(messageType(_message) == MessageType.QUERY);
        (, , _calls) = abi.decode(
            _message,
            (bytes32, MessageType, CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[])
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns formatted InterchainQueryMessage, type == RESPONSE
     * @param _sender The query sender as bytes32
     * @param _calls The sequence of callbacks to make
     * @return Formatted message body
     */
    function encode(
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes[] memory _calls
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encode(_sender, MessageType.RESPONSE, _calls);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Parses and returns the callbacks from the message
     * @param _message The interchain query message, type == RESPONSE
     * @return _calls The sequence of callbacks to make
     */
    function rawCalls(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal pure returns (bytes[] memory _calls) {
        assert(messageType(_message) == MessageType.RESPONSE);
        (, , _calls) = abi.decode(_message, (bytes32, MessageType, bytes[]));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {CallLib} from "./Call.sol";

/*
 * @title OwnableMulticall
 * @dev Permits immutable owner address to execute calls with value to other contracts.
 */
contract OwnableMulticall {
    address public immutable owner;

    constructor(address _owner) {
        owner = _owner;
    }

    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "!owner");
        _;
    }

    function multicall(CallLib.Call[] calldata calls) external onlyOwner {
        return CallLib.multicall(calls);
    }

    // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
    receive() external payable {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {Router} from "../../../client/Router.sol";

import {ITokenMessenger} from "../interfaces/circle/ITokenMessenger.sol";
import {ICircleMessageTransmitter} from "../interfaces/circle/ICircleMessageTransmitter.sol";
import {ILiquidityLayerAdapter} from "../interfaces/ILiquidityLayerAdapter.sol";

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

contract CircleBridgeAdapter is ILiquidityLayerAdapter, Router {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /// @notice The TokenMessenger contract.
    ITokenMessenger public tokenMessenger;

    /// @notice The Circle MessageTransmitter contract.
    ICircleMessageTransmitter public circleMessageTransmitter;

    /// @notice The LiquidityLayerRouter contract.
    address public liquidityLayerRouter;

    /// @notice Hyperlane domain => Circle domain.
    /// ATM, known Circle domains are Ethereum = 0 and Avalanche = 1.
    /// Note this could result in ambiguity between the Circle domain being
    /// Ethereum or unknown.
    mapping(uint32 => uint32) public hyperlaneDomainToCircleDomain;

    /// @notice Token symbol => address of token on local chain.
    mapping(string => IERC20) public tokenSymbolToAddress;

    /// @notice Local chain token address => token symbol.
    mapping(address => string) public tokenAddressToSymbol;

    /**
     * @notice Emits the nonce of the Circle message when a token is bridged.
     * @param nonce The nonce of the Circle message.
     */
    event BridgedToken(uint64 nonce);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the Hyperlane domain to Circle domain mapping is updated.
     * @param hyperlaneDomain The Hyperlane domain.
     * @param circleDomain The Circle domain.
     */
    event DomainAdded(uint32 indexed hyperlaneDomain, uint32 circleDomain);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a local token and its token symbol have been added.
     */
    event TokenAdded(address indexed token, string indexed symbol);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when a local token and its token symbol have been removed.
     */
    event TokenRemoved(address indexed token, string indexed symbol);

    modifier onlyLiquidityLayerRouter() {
        require(msg.sender == liquidityLayerRouter, "!liquidityLayerRouter");
        _;
    }

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @param _owner The new owner.
     * @param _tokenMessenger The TokenMessenger contract.
     * @param _circleMessageTransmitter The Circle MessageTransmitter contract.
     * @param _liquidityLayerRouter The LiquidityLayerRouter contract.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        address _tokenMessenger,
        address _circleMessageTransmitter,
        address _liquidityLayerRouter
    ) external initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(_owner);

        tokenMessenger = ITokenMessenger(_tokenMessenger);
        circleMessageTransmitter = ICircleMessageTransmitter(
            _circleMessageTransmitter
        );
        liquidityLayerRouter = _liquidityLayerRouter;
    }

    function sendTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32, // _recipientAddress, unused
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external onlyLiquidityLayerRouter returns (bytes memory) {
        string memory _tokenSymbol = tokenAddressToSymbol[_token];
        require(
            bytes(_tokenSymbol).length > 0,
            "CircleBridgeAdapter: Unknown token"
        );

        uint32 _circleDomain = hyperlaneDomainToCircleDomain[
            _destinationDomain
        ];
        bytes32 _remoteRouter = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destinationDomain);

        // Approve the token to Circle. We assume that the LiquidityLayerRouter
        // has already transferred the token to this contract.
        require(
            IERC20(_token).approve(address(tokenMessenger), _amount),
            "!approval"
        );

        uint64 _nonce = tokenMessenger.depositForBurn(
            _amount,
            _circleDomain,
            _remoteRouter, // Mint to the remote router
            _token
        );

        emit BridgedToken(_nonce);
        return abi.encode(_nonce, _tokenSymbol);
    }

    // Returns the token and amount sent
    function receiveTokens(
        uint32 _originDomain, // Hyperlane domain
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _adapterData // The adapter data from the message
    ) external onlyLiquidityLayerRouter returns (address, uint256) {
        _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_originDomain);
        // The origin Circle domain
        uint32 _originCircleDomain = hyperlaneDomainToCircleDomain[
            _originDomain
        ];
        // Get the token symbol and nonce of the transfer from the _adapterData
        (uint64 _nonce, string memory _tokenSymbol) = abi.decode(
            _adapterData,
            (uint64, string)
        );

        // Require the circle message to have been processed
        bytes32 _nonceId = _circleNonceId(_originCircleDomain, _nonce);
        require(
            circleMessageTransmitter.usedNonces(_nonceId),
            "Circle message not processed yet"
        );

        IERC20 _token = tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol];
        require(
            address(_token) != address(0),
            "CircleBridgeAdapter: Unknown token"
        );

        // Transfer the token out to the recipient
        // Circle doesn't charge any fee, so we can safely transfer out the
        // exact amount that was bridged over.
        _token.safeTransfer(_recipient, _amount);

        return (address(_token), _amount);
    }

    // This contract is only a Router to be aware of remote router addresses,
    // and doesn't actually send/handle Hyperlane messages directly
    function _handle(
        uint32, // origin
        bytes32, // sender
        bytes calldata // message
    ) internal pure override {
        revert("No messages expected");
    }

    function addDomain(
        uint32 _hyperlaneDomain,
        uint32 _circleDomain
    ) external onlyOwner {
        hyperlaneDomainToCircleDomain[_hyperlaneDomain] = _circleDomain;

        emit DomainAdded(_hyperlaneDomain, _circleDomain);
    }

    function addToken(
        address _token,
        string calldata _tokenSymbol
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            _token != address(0) && bytes(_tokenSymbol).length > 0,
            "Cannot add default values"
        );

        // Require the token and token symbol to be unset.
        address _existingToken = address(tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol]);
        require(_existingToken == address(0), "token symbol already has token");

        string memory _existingSymbol = tokenAddressToSymbol[_token];
        require(
            bytes(_existingSymbol).length == 0,
            "token already has token symbol"
        );

        tokenAddressToSymbol[_token] = _tokenSymbol;
        tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol] = IERC20(_token);

        emit TokenAdded(_token, _tokenSymbol);
    }

    function removeToken(
        address _token,
        string calldata _tokenSymbol
    ) external onlyOwner {
        // Require the provided token and token symbols match what's in storage.
        address _existingToken = address(tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol]);
        require(_existingToken == _token, "Token mismatch");

        string memory _existingSymbol = tokenAddressToSymbol[_token];
        require(
            keccak256(bytes(_existingSymbol)) == keccak256(bytes(_tokenSymbol)),
            "Token symbol mismatch"
        );

        // Delete them from storage.
        delete tokenSymbolToAddress[_tokenSymbol];
        delete tokenAddressToSymbol[_token];

        emit TokenRemoved(_token, _tokenSymbol);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Gets the Circle nonce ID by hashing _originCircleDomain and _nonce.
     * @param _originCircleDomain Domain of chain where the transfer originated
     * @param _nonce The unique identifier for the message from source to
              destination
     * @return hash of source and nonce
     */
    function _circleNonceId(
        uint32 _originCircleDomain,
        uint64 _nonce
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_originCircleDomain, _nonce));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {Router} from "../../../client/Router.sol";

import {IPortalTokenBridge} from "../interfaces/portal/IPortalTokenBridge.sol";
import {ILiquidityLayerAdapter} from "../interfaces/ILiquidityLayerAdapter.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

contract PortalAdapter is ILiquidityLayerAdapter, Router {
    /// @notice The Portal TokenBridge contract.
    IPortalTokenBridge public portalTokenBridge;

    /// @notice The LiquidityLayerRouter contract.
    address public liquidityLayerRouter;

    /// @notice Hyperlane domain => Wormhole domain.
    mapping(uint32 => uint16) public hyperlaneDomainToWormholeDomain;
    /// @notice transferId => token address
    mapping(bytes32 => address) public portalTransfersProcessed;

    // We could technically use Portal's sequence number here but it doesn't
    // get passed through, so we would have to parse the VAA twice
    // 224 bits should be large enough and allows us to pack into a single slot
    // with a Hyperlane domain
    uint224 public nonce = 0;

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Emits the nonce of the Portal message when a token is bridged.
     * @param nonce The nonce of the Portal message.
     * @param portalSequence The sequence of the Portal message.
     * @param destination The hyperlane domain of the destination
     */
    event BridgedToken(
        uint256 nonce,
        uint64 portalSequence,
        uint32 destination
    );

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when the Hyperlane domain to Wormhole domain mapping is updated.
     * @param hyperlaneDomain The Hyperlane domain.
     * @param wormholeDomain The Wormhole domain.
     */
    event DomainAdded(uint32 indexed hyperlaneDomain, uint32 wormholeDomain);

    modifier onlyLiquidityLayerRouter() {
        require(msg.sender == liquidityLayerRouter, "!liquidityLayerRouter");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @param _owner The new owner.
     * @param _portalTokenBridge The Portal TokenBridge contract.
     * @param _liquidityLayerRouter The LiquidityLayerRouter contract.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _owner,
        address _portalTokenBridge,
        address _liquidityLayerRouter
    ) public initializer {
        // Transfer ownership of the contract to deployer
        _transferOwnership(_owner);

        portalTokenBridge = IPortalTokenBridge(_portalTokenBridge);
        liquidityLayerRouter = _liquidityLayerRouter;
    }

    /**
     * Sends tokens as requested by the router
     * @param _destinationDomain The hyperlane domain of the destination
     * @param _token The token address
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to send
     */
    function sendTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32, // _recipientAddress, unused
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external onlyLiquidityLayerRouter returns (bytes memory) {
        nonce = nonce + 1;
        uint16 _wormholeDomain = hyperlaneDomainToWormholeDomain[
            _destinationDomain
        ];

        bytes32 _remoteRouter = _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_destinationDomain);

        // Approve the token to Portal. We assume that the LiquidityLayerRouter
        // has already transferred the token to this contract.
        require(
            IERC20(_token).approve(address(portalTokenBridge), _amount),
            "!approval"
        );

        uint64 _portalSequence = portalTokenBridge.transferTokensWithPayload(
            _token,
            _amount,
            _wormholeDomain,
            _remoteRouter,
            // Nonce for grouping Portal messages in the same tx, not relevant for us
            // https://book.wormhole.com/technical/evm/coreLayer.html#emitting-a-vaa
            0,
            // Portal Payload used in completeTransfer
            abi.encode(localDomain, nonce)
        );

        emit BridgedToken(nonce, _portalSequence, _destinationDomain);
        return abi.encode(nonce);
    }

    /**
     * Sends the tokens to the recipient as requested by the router
     * @param _originDomain The hyperlane domain of the origin
     * @param _recipient The address of the recipient
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to send
     * @param _adapterData The adapter data from the origin chain, containing the nonce
     */
    function receiveTokens(
        uint32 _originDomain, // Hyperlane domain
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _adapterData // The adapter data from the message
    ) external onlyLiquidityLayerRouter returns (address, uint256) {
        // Get the nonce information from the adapterData
        uint224 _nonce = abi.decode(_adapterData, (uint224));

        address _tokenAddress = portalTransfersProcessed[
            transferId(_originDomain, _nonce)
        ];

        require(
            _tokenAddress != address(0x0),
            "Portal Transfer has not yet been completed"
        );

        IERC20 _token = IERC20(_tokenAddress);

        // Transfer the token out to the recipient
        // TODO: use safeTransfer
        // Portal doesn't charge any fee, so we can safely transfer out the
        // exact amount that was bridged over.
        require(_token.transfer(_recipient, _amount), "!transfer out");
        return (_tokenAddress, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * Completes the Portal transfer which sends the funds to this adapter.
     * The router can call receiveTokens to move those funds to the ultimate recipient.
     * @param encodedVm The VAA from the Wormhole Guardians
     */
    function completeTransfer(bytes memory encodedVm) public {
        bytes memory _tokenBridgeTransferWithPayload = portalTokenBridge
            .completeTransferWithPayload(encodedVm);
        IPortalTokenBridge.TransferWithPayload
            memory _transfer = portalTokenBridge.parseTransferWithPayload(
                _tokenBridgeTransferWithPayload
            );

        (uint32 _originDomain, uint224 _nonce) = abi.decode(
            _transfer.payload,
            (uint32, uint224)
        );

        // Logic taken from here https://github.com/wormhole-foundation/wormhole/blob/dev.v2/ethereum/contracts/bridge/Bridge.sol#L503
        address tokenAddress = _transfer.tokenChain ==
            hyperlaneDomainToWormholeDomain[localDomain]
            ? TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(_transfer.tokenAddress)
            : portalTokenBridge.wrappedAsset(
                _transfer.tokenChain,
                _transfer.tokenAddress
            );

        portalTransfersProcessed[
            transferId(_originDomain, _nonce)
        ] = tokenAddress;
    }

    // This contract is only a Router to be aware of remote router addresses,
    // and doesn't actually send/handle Hyperlane messages directly
    function _handle(
        uint32, // origin
        bytes32, // sender
        bytes calldata // message
    ) internal pure override {
        revert("No messages expected");
    }

    function addDomain(
        uint32 _hyperlaneDomain,
        uint16 _wormholeDomain
    ) external onlyOwner {
        hyperlaneDomainToWormholeDomain[_hyperlaneDomain] = _wormholeDomain;

        emit DomainAdded(_hyperlaneDomain, _wormholeDomain);
    }

    /**
     * The key that is used to track fulfilled Portal transfers
     * @param _hyperlaneDomain The hyperlane of the origin
     * @param _nonce The nonce of the adapter on the origin
     */
    function transferId(
        uint32 _hyperlaneDomain,
        uint224 _nonce
    ) public pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(abi.encodePacked(_hyperlaneDomain, _nonce));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface ICircleMessageTransmitter {
    /**
     * @notice Receive a message. Messages with a given nonce
     * can only be broadcast once for a (sourceDomain, destinationDomain)
     * pair. The message body of a valid message is passed to the
     * specified recipient for further processing.
     *
     * @dev Attestation format:
     * A valid attestation is the concatenated 65-byte signature(s) of exactly
     * `thresholdSignature` signatures, in increasing order of attester address.
     * ***If the attester addresses recovered from signatures are not in
     * increasing order, signature verification will fail.***
     * If incorrect number of signatures or duplicate signatures are supplied,
     * signature verification will fail.
     *
     * Message format:
     * Field Bytes Type Index
     * version 4 uint32 0
     * sourceDomain 4 uint32 4
     * destinationDomain 4 uint32 8
     * nonce 8 uint64 12
     * sender 32 bytes32 20
     * recipient 32 bytes32 52
     * messageBody dynamic bytes 84
     * @param _message Message bytes
     * @param _attestation Concatenated 65-byte signature(s) of `_message`, in increasing order
     * of the attester address recovered from signatures.
     * @return success bool, true if successful
     */
    function receiveMessage(
        bytes memory _message,
        bytes calldata _attestation
    ) external returns (bool success);

    function usedNonces(bytes32 _nonceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface ITokenMessenger {
    event MessageSent(bytes message);

    /**
     * @notice Deposits and burns tokens from sender to be minted on destination domain.
     * Emits a `DepositForBurn` event.
     * @dev reverts if:
     * - given burnToken is not supported
     * - given destinationDomain has no TokenMessenger registered
     * - transferFrom() reverts. For example, if sender's burnToken balance or approved allowance
     * to this contract is less than `amount`.
     * - burn() reverts. For example, if `amount` is 0.
     * - MessageTransmitter returns false or reverts.
     * @param _amount amount of tokens to burn
     * @param _destinationDomain destination domain (ETH = 0, AVAX = 1)
     * @param _mintRecipient address of mint recipient on destination domain
     * @param _burnToken address of contract to burn deposited tokens, on local domain
     * @return _nonce unique nonce reserved by message
     */
    function depositForBurn(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _mintRecipient,
        address _burnToken
    ) external returns (uint64 _nonce);

    /**
     * @notice Deposits and burns tokens from sender to be minted on destination domain. The mint
     * on the destination domain must be called by `_destinationCaller`.
     * WARNING: if the `_destinationCaller` does not represent a valid address as bytes32, then it will not be possible
     * to broadcast the message on the destination domain. This is an advanced feature, and the standard
     * depositForBurn() should be preferred for use cases where a specific destination caller is not required.
     * Emits a `DepositForBurn` event.
     * @dev reverts if:
     * - given destinationCaller is zero address
     * - given burnToken is not supported
     * - given destinationDomain has no TokenMessenger registered
     * - transferFrom() reverts. For example, if sender's burnToken balance or approved allowance
     * to this contract is less than `amount`.
     * - burn() reverts. For example, if `amount` is 0.
     * - MessageTransmitter returns false or reverts.
     * @param _amount amount of tokens to burn
     * @param _destinationDomain destination domain
     * @param _mintRecipient address of mint recipient on destination domain
     * @param _burnToken address of contract to burn deposited tokens, on local domain
     * @param _destinationCaller caller on the destination domain, as bytes32
     * @return _nonce unique nonce reserved by message
     */
    function depositForBurnWithCaller(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _mintRecipient,
        address _burnToken,
        bytes32 _destinationCaller
    ) external returns (uint64 _nonce);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

interface ILiquidityLayerAdapter {
    function sendTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipientAddress,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external returns (bytes memory _adapterData);

    function receiveTokens(
        uint32 _originDomain, // Hyperlane domain
        address _recipientAddress,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata _adapterData // The adapter data from the message
    ) external returns (address, uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

// Portal's interface from their docs
interface IPortalTokenBridge {
    struct Transfer {
        uint8 payloadID;
        uint256 amount;
        bytes32 tokenAddress;
        uint16 tokenChain;
        bytes32 to;
        uint16 toChain;
        uint256 fee;
    }

    struct TransferWithPayload {
        uint8 payloadID;
        uint256 amount;
        bytes32 tokenAddress;
        uint16 tokenChain;
        bytes32 to;
        uint16 toChain;
        bytes32 fromAddress;
        bytes payload;
    }

    struct AssetMeta {
        uint8 payloadID;
        bytes32 tokenAddress;
        uint16 tokenChain;
        uint8 decimals;
        bytes32 symbol;
        bytes32 name;
    }

    struct RegisterChain {
        bytes32 module;
        uint8 action;
        uint16 chainId;
        uint16 emitterChainID;
        bytes32 emitterAddress;
    }

    struct UpgradeContract {
        bytes32 module;
        uint8 action;
        uint16 chainId;
        bytes32 newContract;
    }

    struct RecoverChainId {
        bytes32 module;
        uint8 action;
        uint256 evmChainId;
        uint16 newChainId;
    }

    event ContractUpgraded(
        address indexed oldContract,
        address indexed newContract
    );

    function transferTokensWithPayload(
        address token,
        uint256 amount,
        uint16 recipientChain,
        bytes32 recipient,
        uint32 nonce,
        bytes memory payload
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    function completeTransferWithPayload(
        bytes memory encodedVm
    ) external returns (bytes memory);

    function parseTransferWithPayload(
        bytes memory encoded
    ) external pure returns (TransferWithPayload memory transfer);

    function wrappedAsset(
        uint16 tokenChainId,
        bytes32 tokenAddress
    ) external view returns (address);

    function isWrappedAsset(address token) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {Router} from "../../client/Router.sol";

import {ILiquidityLayerRouter} from "../../interfaces/ILiquidityLayerRouter.sol";
import {ICircleMessageTransmitter} from "./interfaces/circle/ICircleMessageTransmitter.sol";
import {ILiquidityLayerAdapter} from "./interfaces/ILiquidityLayerAdapter.sol";
import {ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient} from "../../interfaces/ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient.sol";

import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

contract LiquidityLayerRouter is Router, ILiquidityLayerRouter {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    // Token bridge => adapter address
    mapping(string => address) public liquidityLayerAdapters;

    event LiquidityLayerAdapterSet(string indexed bridge, address adapter);

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the Router contract with Hyperlane core contracts and the address of the interchain security module.
     * @param _interchainGasPaymaster The address of the interchain gas paymaster contract.
     * @param _interchainSecurityModule The address of the interchain security module contract.
     * @param _owner The address with owner privileges.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _interchainGasPaymaster,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) external initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(
            _interchainGasPaymaster,
            _interchainSecurityModule,
            _owner
        );
    }

    function dispatchWithTokens(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes32 _recipientAddress,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount,
        string calldata _bridge,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) external returns (bytes32) {
        ILiquidityLayerAdapter _adapter = _getAdapter(_bridge);

        // Transfer the tokens to the adapter
        IERC20(_token).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(_adapter), _amount);

        // Reverts if the bridge was unsuccessful.
        // Gets adapter-specific data that is encoded into the message
        // ultimately sent via Hyperlane.
        bytes memory _adapterData = _adapter.sendTokens(
            _destinationDomain,
            _recipientAddress,
            _token,
            _amount
        );

        // The user's message "wrapped" with metadata required by this middleware
        bytes memory _messageWithMetadata = abi.encode(
            TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(msg.sender),
            _recipientAddress, // The "user" recipient
            _amount, // The amount of the tokens sent over the bridge
            _bridge, // The destination token bridge ID
            _adapterData, // The adapter-specific data
            _messageBody // The "user" message
        );

        // Dispatch the _messageWithMetadata to the destination's LiquidityLayerRouter.
        return _dispatch(_destinationDomain, _messageWithMetadata);
    }

    // Handles a message from an enrolled remote LiquidityLayerRouter
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32, // _sender, unused
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal override {
        // Decode the message with metadata, "unwrapping" the user's message body
        (
            bytes32 _originalSender,
            bytes32 _userRecipientAddress,
            uint256 _amount,
            string memory _bridge,
            bytes memory _adapterData,
            bytes memory _userMessageBody
        ) = abi.decode(
                _message,
                (bytes32, bytes32, uint256, string, bytes, bytes)
            );

        ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient _userRecipient = ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient(
                TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(_userRecipientAddress)
            );

        // Reverts if the adapter hasn't received the bridged tokens yet
        (address _token, uint256 _receivedAmount) = _getAdapter(_bridge)
            .receiveTokens(
                _origin,
                address(_userRecipient),
                _amount,
                _adapterData
            );

        if (_userMessageBody.length > 0) {
            _userRecipient.handleWithTokens(
                _origin,
                _originalSender,
                _userMessageBody,
                _token,
                _receivedAmount
            );
        }
    }

    function setLiquidityLayerAdapter(
        string calldata _bridge,
        address _adapter
    ) external onlyOwner {
        liquidityLayerAdapters[_bridge] = _adapter;
        emit LiquidityLayerAdapterSet(_bridge, _adapter);
    }

    function _getAdapter(
        string memory _bridge
    ) internal view returns (ILiquidityLayerAdapter _adapter) {
        _adapter = ILiquidityLayerAdapter(liquidityLayerAdapters[_bridge]);
        // Require the adapter to have been set
        require(address(_adapter) != address(0), "No adapter found for bridge");
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {ICircleMessageTransmitter} from "../middleware/liquidity-layer/interfaces/circle/ICircleMessageTransmitter.sol";
import {MockToken} from "./MockToken.sol";

contract MockCircleMessageTransmitter is ICircleMessageTransmitter {
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) processedNonces;
    MockToken token;

    constructor(MockToken _token) {
        token = _token;
    }

    function receiveMessage(
        bytes memory,
        bytes calldata
    ) external pure returns (bool success) {
        success = true;
    }

    function hashSourceAndNonce(
        uint32 _source,
        uint64 _nonce
    ) public pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_source, _nonce));
    }

    function process(
        bytes32 _nonceId,
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount
    ) public {
        processedNonces[_nonceId] = true;
        token.mint(_recipient, _amount);
    }

    function usedNonces(bytes32 _nonceId) external view returns (bool) {
        return processedNonces[_nonceId];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {ITokenMessenger} from "../middleware/liquidity-layer/interfaces/circle/ITokenMessenger.sol";
import {MockToken} from "./MockToken.sol";

contract MockCircleTokenMessenger is ITokenMessenger {
    uint64 public nextNonce = 0;
    MockToken token;

    constructor(MockToken _token) {
        token = _token;
    }

    function depositForBurn(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32,
        bytes32,
        address _burnToken
    ) external returns (uint64 _nonce) {
        nextNonce = nextNonce + 1;
        _nonce = nextNonce;
        require(address(token) == _burnToken);
        token.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _amount);
        token.burn(_amount);
    }

    function depositForBurnWithCaller(
        uint256,
        uint32,
        bytes32,
        address,
        bytes32
    ) external returns (uint64 _nonce) {
        nextNonce = nextNonce + 1;
        _nonce = nextNonce;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT or Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {IMessageDispatcher} from "../interfaces/hooks/IMessageDispatcher.sol";

contract MockMessageDispatcher is IMessageDispatcher {
    function dispatchMessage(
        uint256 toChainId,
        address to,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 messageId = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(toChainId, to, data));

        // simulate a successful dispatch
        emit MessageDispatched(messageId, msg.sender, toChainId, to, data);

        return messageId;
    }
}

contract MockMessageExecutor {
    event MessageIdExecuted(
        uint256 indexed fromChainId,
        bytes32 indexed messageId
    );
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import "./MockMailbox.sol";
import "../test/TestInterchainGasPaymaster.sol";
import "../test/TestIsm.sol";

import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

contract MockHyperlaneEnvironment {
    uint32 originDomain;
    uint32 destinationDomain;

    mapping(uint32 => MockMailbox) public mailboxes;
    mapping(uint32 => TestInterchainGasPaymaster) public igps;
    mapping(uint32 => IInterchainSecurityModule) public isms;

    constructor(uint32 _originDomain, uint32 _destinationDomain) {
        originDomain = _originDomain;
        destinationDomain = _destinationDomain;

        MockMailbox originMailbox = new MockMailbox(_originDomain);
        MockMailbox destinationMailbox = new MockMailbox(_destinationDomain);

        originMailbox.addRemoteMailbox(_destinationDomain, destinationMailbox);
        destinationMailbox.addRemoteMailbox(_originDomain, originMailbox);

        isms[originDomain] = new TestIsm();
        isms[destinationDomain] = new TestIsm();

        originMailbox.setDefaultIsm(address(isms[originDomain]));
        destinationMailbox.setDefaultIsm(address(isms[destinationDomain]));

        originMailbox.transferOwnership(msg.sender);
        destinationMailbox.transferOwnership(msg.sender);

        mailboxes[_originDomain] = originMailbox;
        mailboxes[_destinationDomain] = destinationMailbox;
    }

    function processNextPendingMessage() public {
        mailboxes[destinationDomain].processNextInboundMessage();
    }

    function processNextPendingMessageFromDestination() public {
        mailboxes[originDomain].processNextInboundMessage();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {Versioned} from "../upgrade/Versioned.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";
import {IMessageRecipient} from "../interfaces/IMessageRecipient.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule, ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";
import {Mailbox} from "../Mailbox.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";

import {TestIsm} from "../test/TestIsm.sol";
import {TestPostDispatchHook} from "../test/TestPostDispatchHook.sol";

contract MockMailbox is Mailbox {
    using Message for bytes;

    uint32 public inboundUnprocessedNonce = 0;
    uint32 public inboundProcessedNonce = 0;

    mapping(uint32 => MockMailbox) public remoteMailboxes;
    mapping(uint256 => bytes) public inboundMessages;

    constructor(uint32 _domain) Mailbox(_domain) {
        TestIsm ism = new TestIsm();
        defaultIsm = ism;

        TestPostDispatchHook hook = new TestPostDispatchHook();
        defaultHook = hook;
        requiredHook = hook;

        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    function addRemoteMailbox(uint32 _domain, MockMailbox _mailbox) external {
        remoteMailboxes[_domain] = _mailbox;
    }

    function dispatch(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata messageBody,
        bytes calldata metadata,
        IPostDispatchHook hook
    ) public payable override returns (bytes32) {
        bytes memory message = _buildMessage(
            destinationDomain,
            recipientAddress,
            messageBody
        );
        bytes32 id = super.dispatch(
            destinationDomain,
            recipientAddress,
            messageBody,
            metadata,
            hook
        );

        MockMailbox _destinationMailbox = remoteMailboxes[destinationDomain];
        require(
            address(_destinationMailbox) != address(0),
            "Missing remote mailbox"
        );
        _destinationMailbox.addInboundMessage(message);

        return id;
    }

    function addInboundMessage(bytes calldata message) external {
        inboundMessages[inboundUnprocessedNonce] = message;
        inboundUnprocessedNonce++;
    }

    function processNextInboundMessage() public {
        bytes memory _message = inboundMessages[inboundProcessedNonce];
        Mailbox(address(this)).process("", _message);
        inboundProcessedNonce++;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {IPortalTokenBridge} from "../middleware/liquidity-layer/interfaces/portal/IPortalTokenBridge.sol";
import {MockToken} from "./MockToken.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

contract MockPortalBridge is IPortalTokenBridge {
    uint256 nextNonce = 0;
    MockToken token;

    constructor(MockToken _token) {
        token = _token;
    }

    function transferTokensWithPayload(
        address,
        uint256 amount,
        uint16,
        bytes32,
        uint32,
        bytes memory
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence) {
        nextNonce = nextNonce + 1;
        token.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
        token.burn(amount);
        return uint64(nextNonce);
    }

    function wrappedAsset(uint16, bytes32) external view returns (address) {
        return address(token);
    }

    function isWrappedAsset(address) external pure returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    function completeTransferWithPayload(
        bytes memory encodedVm
    ) external returns (bytes memory) {
        (uint32 _originDomain, uint224 _nonce, uint256 _amount) = abi.decode(
            encodedVm,
            (uint32, uint224, uint256)
        );

        token.mint(msg.sender, _amount);
        // Format it so that parseTransferWithPayload returns the desired payload
        return
            abi.encode(
                TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(address(token)),
                adapterData(_originDomain, _nonce, address(token))
            );
    }

    function parseTransferWithPayload(
        bytes memory encoded
    ) external pure returns (TransferWithPayload memory transfer) {
        (bytes32 tokenAddress, bytes memory payload) = abi.decode(
            encoded,
            (bytes32, bytes)
        );
        transfer.payload = payload;
        transfer.tokenAddress = tokenAddress;
    }

    function adapterData(
        uint32 _originDomain,
        uint224 _nonce,
        address _token
    ) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encode(
                _originDomain,
                _nonce,
                TypeCasts.addressToBytes32(_token)
            );
    }

    function mockPortalVaa(
        uint32 _originDomain,
        uint224 _nonce,
        uint256 _amount
    ) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encode(_originDomain, _nonce, _amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";

contract MockToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external {
        _mint(account, amount);
    }

    function burn(uint256 _amount) external {
        _burn(msg.sender, _amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IAVSDirectory} from "../../interfaces/avs/vendored/IAVSDirectory.sol";
import {ISignatureUtils} from "../../interfaces/avs/vendored/ISignatureUtils.sol";
import {ISlasher} from "../../interfaces/avs/vendored/ISlasher.sol";

import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

contract TestAVSDirectory is IAVSDirectory {
    bytes32 public constant OPERATOR_AVS_REGISTRATION_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256(
            "OperatorAVSRegistration(address operator,address avs,bytes32 salt,uint256 expiry)"
        );
    bytes32 public constant DOMAIN_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256(
            "EIP712Domain(string name,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"
        );

    mapping(address => mapping(address => OperatorAVSRegistrationStatus))
        public avsOperatorStatus;

    function updateAVSMetadataURI(string calldata metadataURI) external {
        emit AVSMetadataURIUpdated(msg.sender, metadataURI);
    }

    function registerOperatorToAVS(
        address operator,
        ISignatureUtils.SignatureWithSaltAndExpiry memory operatorSignature
    ) external {
        bytes32 operatorRegistrationDigestHash = calculateOperatorAVSRegistrationDigestHash({
                operator: operator,
                avs: msg.sender,
                salt: operatorSignature.salt,
                expiry: operatorSignature.expiry
            });
        require(
            ECDSA.recover(
                operatorRegistrationDigestHash,
                operatorSignature.signature
            ) == operator,
            "EIP1271SignatureUtils.checkSignature_EIP1271: signature not from signer"
        );
        avsOperatorStatus[msg.sender][operator] = OperatorAVSRegistrationStatus
            .REGISTERED;
    }

    function deregisterOperatorFromAVS(address operator) external {
        avsOperatorStatus[msg.sender][operator] = OperatorAVSRegistrationStatus
            .UNREGISTERED;
    }

    function calculateOperatorAVSRegistrationDigestHash(
        address operator,
        address avs,
        bytes32 salt,
        uint256 expiry
    ) public view returns (bytes32) {
        // calculate the struct hash
        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                OPERATOR_AVS_REGISTRATION_TYPEHASH,
                operator,
                avs,
                salt,
                expiry
            )
        );
        // calculate the digest hash
        bytes32 digestHash = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator(), structHash)
        );
        return digestHash;
    }

    function domainSeparator() public view returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encode(
                    DOMAIN_TYPEHASH,
                    keccak256(bytes("EigenLayer")),
                    block.chainid,
                    address(this)
                )
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IDelegationManager} from "../../interfaces/avs/vendored/IDelegationManager.sol";
import {IStrategy} from "../../interfaces/avs/vendored/IStrategy.sol";

contract TestDelegationManager is IDelegationManager {
    mapping(address => bool) public isOperator;
    mapping(address => mapping(IStrategy => uint256)) public operatorShares;

    function registerAsOperator(
        OperatorDetails calldata registeringOperatorDetails,
        string calldata metadataURI
    ) external {}

    function setIsOperator(
        address operator,
        bool _isOperatorReturnValue
    ) external {
        isOperator[operator] = _isOperatorReturnValue;
    }

    function getOperatorShares(
        address operator,
        IStrategy[] memory strategies
    ) public view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        uint256[] memory shares = new uint256[](strategies.length);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < strategies.length; ++i) {
            shares[i] = operatorShares[operator][strategies[i]];
        }
        return shares;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {Enrollment, EnrollmentStatus, EnumerableMapEnrollment} from "../../libs/EnumerableMapEnrollment.sol";
import {HyperlaneServiceManager} from "../../avs/HyperlaneServiceManager.sol";

contract TestHyperlaneServiceManager is HyperlaneServiceManager {
    using EnumerableMapEnrollment for EnumerableMapEnrollment.AddressToEnrollmentMap;

    constructor(
        address _avsDirectory,
        address _stakeRegistry,
        address _paymentCoordinator,
        address _delegationManager
    )
        HyperlaneServiceManager(
            _avsDirectory,
            _stakeRegistry,
            _paymentCoordinator,
            _delegationManager
        )
    {}

    function mockSetUnenrolled(address operator, address challenger) external {
        enrolledChallengers[operator].set(
            address(challenger),
            Enrollment(EnrollmentStatus.UNENROLLED, 0)
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IPaymentCoordinator} from "../../interfaces/avs/vendored/IPaymentCoordinator.sol";
import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

contract TestPaymentCoordinator is IPaymentCoordinator {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    function payForRange(RangePayment[] calldata rangePayments) external {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < rangePayments.length; i++) {
            rangePayments[i].token.safeTransferFrom(
                msg.sender,
                address(this),
                rangePayments[i].amount
            );
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {ISlasher} from "../../interfaces/avs/vendored/ISlasher.sol";

contract TestSlasher is ISlasher {
    function freezeOperator(address toBeFrozen) external {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

import "../token/interfaces/IXERC20.sol";
import "../token/interfaces/IFiatToken.sol";

contract ERC20Test is ERC20 {
    uint8 public immutable _decimals;

    constructor(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        uint256 totalSupply,
        uint8 __decimals
    ) ERC20(name, symbol) {
        _decimals = __decimals;
        _mint(msg.sender, totalSupply);
    }

    function decimals() public view override returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }

    function mint(uint256 amount) public {
        _mint(msg.sender, amount);
    }

    function mintTo(address account, uint256 amount) public {
        _mint(account, amount);
    }
}

contract FiatTokenTest is ERC20Test, IFiatToken {
    constructor(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        uint256 totalSupply,
        uint8 __decimals
    ) ERC20Test(name, symbol, totalSupply, __decimals) {}

    function burn(uint256 amount) public override {
        _burn(msg.sender, amount);
    }

    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
        _mint(account, amount);
        return true;
    }
}

contract XERC20Test is ERC20Test, IXERC20 {
    constructor(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        uint256 totalSupply,
        uint8 __decimals
    ) ERC20Test(name, symbol, totalSupply, __decimals) {}

    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public override {
        _mint(account, amount);
    }

    function burn(address account, uint256 amount) public override {
        _burn(account, amount);
    }

    function setLimits(
        address _bridge,
        uint256 _mintingLimit,
        uint256 _burningLimit
    ) external {
        require(false);
    }

    function owner() external returns (address) {
        return address(0x0);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC4626.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC20.sol";

contract ERC4626Test is ERC4626 {
    constructor(
        address _asset,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol
    ) ERC4626(IERC20(_asset)) ERC20(_name, _symbol) {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";

contract ERC721Test is ERC721Enumerable {
    constructor(
        string memory name,
        string memory symbol,
        uint256 _mintAmount
    ) ERC721(name, symbol) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _mintAmount; i++) {
            _mint(msg.sender, i);
        }
    }

    function _baseURI() internal pure override returns (string memory) {
        return "TEST-BASE-URI";
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "./TestRecipient.sol";

contract LightTestRecipient is TestRecipient {
    // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external payable override {
        // do nothing
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "../client/GasRouter.sol";

contract TestGasRouter is GasRouter {
    constructor(address _mailbox) GasRouter(_mailbox) {}

    function dispatch(uint32 _destination, bytes memory _msg) external payable {
        _dispatch(_destination, _msg);
    }

    function _handle(uint32, bytes32, bytes calldata) internal pure override {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// ============ Internal Imports ============
import {InterchainGasPaymaster} from "../hooks/igp/InterchainGasPaymaster.sol";

contract TestInterchainGasPaymaster is InterchainGasPaymaster {
    uint256 public constant gasPrice = 10;

    constructor() {
        initialize(msg.sender, msg.sender);
    }

    function quoteGasPayment(
        uint32,
        uint256 gasAmount
    ) public pure override returns (uint256) {
        return gasPrice * gasAmount;
    }

    function getDefaultGasUsage() public pure returns (uint256) {
        return DEFAULT_GAS_USAGE;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import {IInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

contract TestIsm is IInterchainSecurityModule {
    uint8 public moduleType = uint8(Types.NULL);

    bool verifyResult = true;

    function setVerify(bool _verify) public {
        verifyResult = _verify;
    }

    function verify(bytes calldata, bytes calldata) public view returns (bool) {
        return verifyResult;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract LayerZeroTreasuryMock is Ownable {
    function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
        //withdraw
    }

    function withdrawAlt() external onlyOwner {
        //withdraw token
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient} from "../interfaces/ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient.sol";

contract TestLiquidityLayerMessageRecipient is ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient {
    event HandledWithTokens(
        uint32 origin,
        bytes32 sender,
        bytes message,
        address token,
        uint256 amount
    );

    function handleWithTokens(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external {
        emit HandledWithTokens(_origin, _sender, _message, _token, _amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {Mailbox} from "../Mailbox.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";
import {MerkleLib} from "../libs/Merkle.sol";
import {IMessageRecipient} from "../interfaces/IMessageRecipient.sol";

contract TestMailbox is Mailbox {
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;

    constructor(uint32 _localDomain) Mailbox(_localDomain) {
        _transferOwnership(msg.sender);
    }

    function testHandle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        bytes calldata _body
    ) external {
        IMessageRecipient(_recipient.bytes32ToAddress()).handle(
            _origin,
            _sender,
            _body
        );
    }

    function buildOutboundMessage(
        uint32 destinationDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes calldata body
    ) external view returns (bytes memory) {
        return _buildMessage(destinationDomain, recipientAddress, body);
    }

    function buildInboundMessage(
        uint32 originDomain,
        bytes32 recipientAddress,
        bytes32 senderAddress,
        bytes calldata body
    ) external view returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            Message.formatMessage(
                VERSION,
                nonce,
                originDomain,
                senderAddress,
                localDomain,
                recipientAddress,
                body
            );
    }

    function updateLatestDispatchedId(bytes32 _id) external {
        latestDispatchedId = _id;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
import {MerkleLib} from "../libs/Merkle.sol";

contract TestMerkle {
    using MerkleLib for MerkleLib.Tree;

    MerkleLib.Tree public tree;

    // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
    constructor() {}

    function insert(bytes32 _node) external {
        tree.insert(_node);
    }

    function branchRoot(
        bytes32 _leaf,
        bytes32[32] calldata _proof,
        uint256 _index
    ) external pure returns (bytes32 _node) {
        return MerkleLib.branchRoot(_leaf, _proof, _index);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns the number of inserted leaves in the tree
     */
    function count() public view returns (uint256) {
        return tree.count;
    }

    function root() public view returns (bytes32) {
        return tree.root();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {MerkleLib} from "../libs/Merkle.sol";
import {MerkleTreeHook} from "../hooks/MerkleTreeHook.sol";

contract TestMerkleTreeHook is MerkleTreeHook {
    using MerkleLib for MerkleLib.Tree;

    constructor(address _mailbox) MerkleTreeHook(_mailbox) {}

    function proof() external view returns (bytes32[32] memory) {
        bytes32[32] memory _zeroes = MerkleLib.zeroHashes();
        uint256 _index = _tree.count - 1;
        bytes32[32] memory _proof;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            uint256 _ithBit = (_index >> i) & 0x01;
            if (_ithBit == 1) {
                _proof[i] = _tree.branch[i];
            } else {
                _proof[i] = _zeroes[i];
            }
        }
        return _proof;
    }

    function insert(bytes32 _id) external {
        _tree.insert(_id);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";

contract TestMessage {
    using Message for bytes;

    function version(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external pure returns (uint32 _version) {
        return _message.version();
    }

    function nonce(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external pure returns (uint256 _nonce) {
        return _message.nonce();
    }

    function body(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external pure returns (bytes calldata _body) {
        return _message.body();
    }

    function origin(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external pure returns (uint32 _origin) {
        return _message.origin();
    }

    function sender(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external pure returns (bytes32 _sender) {
        return _message.sender();
    }

    function destination(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external pure returns (uint32 _destination) {
        return _message.destination();
    }

    function recipient(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external pure returns (bytes32 _recipient) {
        return _message.recipient();
    }

    function recipientAddress(
        bytes calldata _message
    ) external pure returns (address _recipient) {
        return _message.recipientAddress();
    }

    function id(bytes calldata _message) external pure returns (bytes32) {
        return _message.id();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
import {Message} from "../libs/Message.sol";

import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {AbstractPostDispatchHook} from "../hooks/libs/AbstractPostDispatchHook.sol";

contract TestPostDispatchHook is AbstractPostDispatchHook {
    using Message for bytes;

    // ============ Public Storage ============

    // test fees for quoteDispatch
    uint256 public fee = 0;

    // used to keep track of dispatched message
    mapping(bytes32 messageId => bool dispatched) public messageDispatched;

    // ============ External Functions ============

    /// @inheritdoc IPostDispatchHook
    function hookType() external pure override returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(IPostDispatchHook.Types.UNUSED);
    }

    function supportsMetadata(
        bytes calldata
    ) public pure override returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    function setFee(uint256 _fee) external {
        fee = _fee;
    }

    // ============ Internal functions ============
    function _postDispatch(
        bytes calldata /*metadata*/,
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal override {
        messageDispatched[message.id()] = true;
    }

    function _quoteDispatch(
        bytes calldata /*metadata*/,
        bytes calldata /*message*/
    ) internal view override returns (uint256) {
        return fee;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;

import {InterchainQueryRouter} from "../middleware/InterchainQueryRouter.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {CallLib} from "../middleware/libs/Call.sol";

import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract TestQuery {
    InterchainQueryRouter public router;

    event Owner(uint256, address);

    constructor(address _router) {
        router = InterchainQueryRouter(_router);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fetches owner of InterchainQueryRouter on provided domain and passes along with provided secret to `this.receiveRouterOwner`
     */
    function queryRouterOwner(uint32 domain, uint256 secret) external {
        address target = TypeCasts.bytes32ToAddress(router.routers(domain));
        CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[]
            memory calls = new CallLib.StaticCallWithCallback[](1);
        calls[0] = CallLib.build(
            target,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(Ownable.owner.selector),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(this.receiveRouterOwner.selector, secret)
        );
        router.query(domain, calls);
    }

    /**
     * @dev `msg.sender` must be restricted to `this.router` to prevent any local account from spoofing query data.
     */
    function receiveRouterOwner(uint256 secret, address owner) external {
        require(msg.sender == address(router), "TestQuery: not from router");
        emit Owner(secret, owner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {InterchainQueryRouter} from "../middleware/InterchainQueryRouter.sol";
import {CallLib} from "../middleware/libs/Call.sol";

contract TestQuerySender {
    InterchainQueryRouter queryRouter;

    address public lastAddressResult;
    uint256 public lastUint256Result;
    bytes32 public lastBytes32Result;

    event ReceivedAddressResult(address result);
    event ReceivedUint256Result(uint256 result);
    event ReceivedBytes32Result(bytes32 result);

    function initialize(address _queryRouterAddress) external {
        queryRouter = InterchainQueryRouter(_queryRouterAddress);
    }

    function queryAddress(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _targetData,
        uint256 _gasAmount
    ) external payable {
        queryAndPayFor(
            _destinationDomain,
            _target,
            _targetData,
            this.handleQueryAddressResult.selector,
            _gasAmount
        );
    }

    function handleQueryAddressResult(address _result) external {
        emit ReceivedAddressResult(_result);
        lastAddressResult = _result;
    }

    function queryUint256(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _targetData,
        uint256 _gasAmount
    ) external payable {
        queryAndPayFor(
            _destinationDomain,
            _target,
            _targetData,
            this.handleQueryUint256Result.selector,
            _gasAmount
        );
    }

    function handleQueryUint256Result(uint256 _result) external {
        emit ReceivedUint256Result(_result);
        lastUint256Result = _result;
    }

    function queryBytes32(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _targetData,
        uint256 _gasAmount
    ) external payable {
        queryAndPayFor(
            _destinationDomain,
            _target,
            _targetData,
            this.handleQueryBytes32Result.selector,
            _gasAmount
        );
    }

    function handleQueryBytes32Result(bytes32 _result) external {
        emit ReceivedBytes32Result(_result);
        lastBytes32Result = _result;
    }

    function queryAndPayFor(
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _targetData,
        bytes4 _callbackSelector,
        uint256 /*_gasAmount*/
    ) internal {
        queryRouter.query(
            _destinationDomain,
            _target,
            _targetData,
            abi.encodePacked(_callbackSelector)
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {Ownable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

import {IMessageRecipient} from "../interfaces/IMessageRecipient.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule, ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

contract TestRecipient is
    Ownable,
    IMessageRecipient,
    ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule
{
    IInterchainSecurityModule public interchainSecurityModule;
    bytes32 public lastSender;
    bytes public lastData;

    address public lastCaller;
    string public lastCallMessage;

    event ReceivedMessage(
        uint32 indexed origin,
        bytes32 indexed sender,
        uint256 indexed value,
        string message
    );

    event ReceivedCall(address indexed caller, uint256 amount, string message);

    function handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external payable virtual override {
        emit ReceivedMessage(_origin, _sender, msg.value, string(_data));
        lastSender = _sender;
        lastData = _data;
    }

    function fooBar(uint256 amount, string calldata message) external {
        emit ReceivedCall(msg.sender, amount, message);
        lastCaller = msg.sender;
        lastCallMessage = message;
    }

    function setInterchainSecurityModule(address _ism) external onlyOwner {
        interchainSecurityModule = IInterchainSecurityModule(_ism);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IRemoteChallenger} from "../interfaces/avs/IRemoteChallenger.sol";
import {HyperlaneServiceManager} from "../avs/HyperlaneServiceManager.sol";

contract TestRemoteChallenger is IRemoteChallenger {
    HyperlaneServiceManager internal immutable hsm;

    constructor(HyperlaneServiceManager _hsm) {
        hsm = _hsm;
    }

    function challengeDelayBlocks() external pure returns (uint256) {
        return 50400; // one week of eth L1 blocks
    }

    function handleChallenge(address operator) external {
        hsm.freezeOperator(operator);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

import "../client/Router.sol";

contract TestRouter is Router {
    event InitializeOverload();

    constructor(address _mailbox) Router(_mailbox) {}

    function initialize(
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule
    ) public initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(_hook, _interchainSecurityModule, msg.sender);
    }

    function _handle(uint32, bytes32, bytes calldata) internal pure override {}

    function isRemoteRouter(
        uint32 _domain,
        bytes32 _potentialRemoteRouter
    ) external view returns (bool) {
        return _isRemoteRouter(_domain, _potentialRemoteRouter);
    }

    function mustHaveRemoteRouter(
        uint32 _domain
    ) external view returns (bytes32) {
        return _mustHaveRemoteRouter(_domain);
    }

    function dispatch(uint32 _destination, bytes memory _msg) external payable {
        _dispatch(_destination, _msg);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {TypeCasts} from "../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

import {IInterchainGasPaymaster} from "../interfaces/IInterchainGasPaymaster.sol";
import {IMessageRecipient} from "../interfaces/IMessageRecipient.sol";
import {IMailbox} from "../interfaces/IMailbox.sol";
import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {IInterchainSecurityModule, ISpecifiesInterchainSecurityModule} from "../interfaces/IInterchainSecurityModule.sol";

import {MailboxClient} from "../client/MailboxClient.sol";

contract TestSendReceiver is IMessageRecipient {
    using TypeCasts for address;

    uint256 public constant HANDLE_GAS_AMOUNT = 50_000;

    event Handled(bytes32 blockHash);

    function dispatchToSelf(
        IMailbox _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes calldata _messageBody
    ) external payable {
        // TODO: handle topping up?
        _mailbox.dispatch{value: msg.value}(
            _destinationDomain,
            address(this).addressToBytes32(),
            _messageBody
        );
    }

    function dispatchToSelf(
        IMailbox _mailbox,
        uint32 _destinationDomain,
        bytes calldata _messageBody,
        IPostDispatchHook hook
    ) external payable {
        // TODO: handle topping up?
        _mailbox.dispatch{value: msg.value}(
            _destinationDomain,
            address(this).addressToBytes32(),
            _messageBody,
            bytes(""),
            hook
        );
    }

    function handle(uint32, bytes32, bytes calldata) external payable override {
        bytes32 blockHash = previousBlockHash();
        bool isBlockHashEndIn0 = uint256(blockHash) % 16 == 0;
        require(!isBlockHashEndIn0, "block hash ends in 0");
        emit Handled(blockHash);
    }

    function previousBlockHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return blockhash(block.number - 1);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient} from "../interfaces/ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient.sol";

contract TestTokenRecipient is ILiquidityLayerMessageRecipient {
    bytes32 public lastSender;
    bytes public lastData;
    address public lastToken;
    uint256 public lastAmount;

    address public lastCaller;
    string public lastCallMessage;

    event ReceivedMessage(
        uint32 indexed origin,
        bytes32 indexed sender,
        string message,
        address token,
        uint256 amount
    );

    event ReceivedCall(address indexed caller, uint256 amount, string message);

    function handleWithTokens(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _data,
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount
    ) external override {
        emit ReceivedMessage(_origin, _sender, string(_data), _token, _amount);
        lastSender = _sender;
        lastData = _data;
        lastToken = _token;
        lastAmount = _amount;
    }

    function fooBar(uint256 amount, string calldata message) external {
        emit ReceivedCall(msg.sender, amount, message);
        lastCaller = msg.sender;
        lastCallMessage = message;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {HypERC20} from "../HypERC20.sol";
import {FastTokenRouter} from "../libs/FastTokenRouter.sol";
import {TokenRouter} from "../libs/TokenRouter.sol";

import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC20 Token Router that extends ERC20 with remote transfer functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 * @dev Supply on each chain is not constant but the aggregate supply across all chains is.
 */
contract FastHypERC20 is FastTokenRouter, HypERC20 {
    constructor(
        uint8 __decimals,
        address _mailbox
    ) HypERC20(__decimals, _mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @dev delegates transfer logic to `_transferTo`.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal virtual override(FastTokenRouter, TokenRouter) {
        FastTokenRouter._handle(_origin, _sender, _message);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `_amount` of tokens to `_recipient`.
     * @inheritdoc FastTokenRouter
     */
    function _fastTransferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal override {
        _mint(_recipient, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Burns `_amount` of tokens from `_recipient`.
     * @inheritdoc FastTokenRouter
     */
    function _fastRecieveFrom(
        address _sender,
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal override {
        _burn(_sender, _amount);
    }

    function balanceOf(
        address _account
    ) public view virtual override(HypERC20, TokenRouter) returns (uint256) {
        return ERC20Upgradeable.balanceOf(_account);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {HypERC20Collateral} from "../HypERC20Collateral.sol";
import {FastTokenRouter} from "../libs/FastTokenRouter.sol";
import {TokenRouter} from "../libs/TokenRouter.sol";

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC20 Token Collateral that wraps an existing ERC20 with remote transfer functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
contract FastHypERC20Collateral is FastTokenRouter, HypERC20Collateral {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /**
     * @notice Constructor
     * @param erc20 Address of the token to keep as collateral
     */
    constructor(
        address erc20,
        address _mailbox
    ) HypERC20Collateral(erc20, _mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @dev delegates transfer logic to `_transferTo`.
     * @inheritdoc FastTokenRouter
     */
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32 _sender,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal virtual override(FastTokenRouter, TokenRouter) {
        FastTokenRouter._handle(_origin, _sender, _message);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_amount` of `wrappedToken` to `_recipient`.
     * @inheritdoc FastTokenRouter
     */
    function _fastTransferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal override {
        wrappedToken.safeTransfer(_recipient, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers in `_amount` of `wrappedToken` from `_recipient`.
     * @inheritdoc FastTokenRouter
     */
    function _fastRecieveFrom(
        address _sender,
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal override {
        wrappedToken.safeTransferFrom(_sender, address(this), _amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC4626.sol";
import {HypERC20Collateral} from "../HypERC20Collateral.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC20 Token Collateral with deposits collateral to a vault
 * @author ltyu
 */
contract HypERC20CollateralVaultDeposit is HypERC20Collateral {
    // Address of the ERC4626 compatible vault
    ERC4626 public immutable vault;

    // Internal balance of total asset deposited
    uint256 public assetDeposited;

    event ExcessSharesSwept(uint256 amount, uint256 assetsRedeemed);

    constructor(
        ERC4626 _vault,
        address _mailbox
    ) HypERC20Collateral(_vault.asset(), _mailbox) {
        vault = _vault;
    }

    function initialize(
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) public override initializer {
        wrappedToken.approve(address(vault), type(uint256).max);
        _MailboxClient_initialize(_hook, _interchainSecurityModule, _owner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_amount` of `wrappedToken` from `msg.sender` to this contract, and deposit into vault
     * @inheritdoc HypERC20Collateral
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal override returns (bytes memory metadata) {
        metadata = super._transferFromSender(_amount);
        _depositIntoVault(_amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deposits into the vault and increment assetDeposited
     * @param _amount amount to deposit into vault
     */
    function _depositIntoVault(uint256 _amount) internal {
        assetDeposited += _amount;
        vault.deposit(_amount, address(this));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_amount` of `wrappedToken` from this contract to `_recipient`, and withdraws from vault
     * @inheritdoc HypERC20Collateral
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata
    ) internal virtual override {
        _withdrawFromVault(_amount, _recipient);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Withdraws from the vault and decrement assetDeposited
     * @param _amount amount to withdraw from vault
     * @param _recipient address to deposit withdrawn underlying to
     */
    function _withdrawFromVault(uint256 _amount, address _recipient) internal {
        assetDeposited -= _amount;
        vault.withdraw(_amount, _recipient, address(this));
    }

    /**
     * @notice Allows the owner to redeem excess shares
     */
    function sweep() external onlyOwner {
        uint256 excessShares = vault.maxRedeem(address(this)) -
            vault.convertToShares(assetDeposited);
        uint256 assetsRedeemed = vault.redeem(
            excessShares,
            owner(),
            address(this)
        );
        emit ExcessSharesSwept(excessShares, assetsRedeemed);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {HypERC721Collateral} from "../HypERC721Collateral.sol";

import {IERC721MetadataUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721MetadataUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC721 Token Collateral that wraps an existing ERC721 with remote transfer and URI relay functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
contract HypERC721URICollateral is HypERC721Collateral {
    // solhint-disable-next-line no-empty-blocks
    constructor(
        address erc721,
        address _mailbox
    ) HypERC721Collateral(erc721, _mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_tokenId` of `wrappedToken` from `msg.sender` to this contract.
     * @return The URI of `_tokenId` on `wrappedToken`.
     * @inheritdoc HypERC721Collateral
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _tokenId
    ) internal override returns (bytes memory) {
        HypERC721Collateral._transferFromSender(_tokenId);
        return
            bytes(
                IERC721MetadataUpgradeable(address(wrappedToken)).tokenURI(
                    _tokenId
                )
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {HypERC721} from "../HypERC721.sol";

import {ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable.sol";
import {ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.sol";
import {ERC721Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/ERC721Upgradeable.sol";
import {IERC721Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/IERC721Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC721 Token that extends ERC721URIStorage with remote transfer and URI relay functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
contract HypERC721URIStorage is HypERC721, ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable {
    constructor(address _mailbox) HypERC721(_mailbox) {}

    function balanceOf(
        address account
    )
        public
        view
        override(HypERC721, ERC721Upgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable)
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return HypERC721.balanceOf(account);
    }

    /**
     * @return _tokenURI The URI of `_tokenId`.
     * @inheritdoc HypERC721
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _tokenId
    ) internal override returns (bytes memory _tokenURI) {
        _tokenURI = bytes(tokenURI(_tokenId)); // requires minted
        HypERC721._transferFromSender(_tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the URI for `_tokenId` to `_tokenURI`.
     * @inheritdoc HypERC721
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata _tokenURI
    ) internal override {
        HypERC721._transferTo(_recipient, _tokenId, _tokenURI);
        _setTokenURI(_tokenId, string(_tokenURI)); // requires minted
    }

    function tokenURI(
        uint256 tokenId
    )
        public
        view
        override(ERC721Upgradeable, ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable)
        returns (string memory)
    {
        return ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal override(ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable, ERC721Upgradeable) {
        ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable._beforeTokenTransfer(
            from,
            to,
            tokenId,
            batchSize
        );
    }

    function supportsInterface(
        bytes4 interfaceId
    )
        public
        view
        override(ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable, ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    function _burn(
        uint256 tokenId
    ) internal override(ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable, ERC721Upgradeable) {
        ERC721URIStorageUpgradeable._burn(tokenId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IFiatToken} from "../interfaces/IFiatToken.sol";
import {HypERC20Collateral} from "../HypERC20Collateral.sol";

// see https://github.com/circlefin/stablecoin-evm/blob/master/doc/tokendesign.md#issuing-and-destroying-tokens
contract HypFiatToken is HypERC20Collateral {
    constructor(
        address _fiatToken,
        address _mailbox
    ) HypERC20Collateral(_fiatToken, _mailbox) {}

    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal override returns (bytes memory metadata) {
        // transfer amount to address(this)
        metadata = super._transferFromSender(_amount);
        // burn amount of address(this) balance
        IFiatToken(address(wrappedToken)).burn(_amount);
    }

    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata /*metadata*/
    ) internal override {
        require(
            IFiatToken(address(wrappedToken)).mint(_recipient, _amount),
            "FiatToken mint failed"
        );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {HypNative} from "../HypNative.sol";
import {TokenRouter} from "../libs/TokenRouter.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane Native Token that scales native value by a fixed factor for consistency with other tokens.
 * @dev The scale factor multiplies the `message.amount` to the local native token amount.
 *      Conversely, it divides the local native `msg.value` amount by `scale` to encode the `message.amount`.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
contract HypNativeScaled is HypNative {
    uint256 public immutable scale;

    constructor(uint256 _scale, address _mailbox) HypNative(_mailbox) {
        scale = _scale;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc HypNative
     * @dev Sends scaled `msg.value` (divided by `scale`) to `_recipient`.
     */
    function transferRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _amount
    ) public payable override returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        require(msg.value >= _amount, "Native: amount exceeds msg.value");
        uint256 gasPayment = msg.value - _amount;
        uint256 scaledAmount = _amount / scale;
        return
            _transferRemote(
                _destination,
                _recipient,
                scaledAmount,
                gasPayment,
                bytes(""),
                address(0)
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sends scaled `_amount` (multiplied by `scale`) to `_recipient`.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata metadata // no metadata
    ) internal override {
        uint256 scaledAmount = _amount * scale;
        HypNative._transferTo(_recipient, scaledAmount, metadata);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IXERC20} from "../interfaces/IXERC20.sol";
import {HypERC20Collateral} from "../HypERC20Collateral.sol";

contract HypXERC20 is HypERC20Collateral {
    constructor(
        address _xerc20,
        address _mailbox
    ) HypERC20Collateral(_xerc20, _mailbox) {}

    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _amountOrId
    ) internal override returns (bytes memory metadata) {
        IXERC20(address(wrappedToken)).burn(msg.sender, _amountOrId);
        return "";
    }

    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amountOrId,
        bytes calldata /*metadata*/
    ) internal override {
        IXERC20(address(wrappedToken)).mint(_recipient, _amountOrId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IXERC20Lockbox} from "../interfaces/IXERC20Lockbox.sol";
import {IXERC20, IERC20} from "../interfaces/IXERC20.sol";
import {HypERC20Collateral} from "../HypERC20Collateral.sol";

contract HypXERC20Lockbox is HypERC20Collateral {
    uint256 constant MAX_INT = 2 ** 256 - 1;

    IXERC20Lockbox public immutable lockbox;
    IXERC20 public immutable xERC20;

    constructor(
        address _lockbox,
        address _mailbox
    ) HypERC20Collateral(address(IXERC20Lockbox(_lockbox).ERC20()), _mailbox) {
        lockbox = IXERC20Lockbox(_lockbox);
        xERC20 = lockbox.XERC20();

        // grant infinite approvals to lockbox
        require(
            IERC20(wrappedToken).approve(_lockbox, MAX_INT),
            "erc20 lockbox approve failed"
        );
        require(
            xERC20.approve(_lockbox, MAX_INT),
            "xerc20 lockbox approve failed"
        );
    }

    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal override returns (bytes memory) {
        // transfer erc20 from sender
        super._transferFromSender(_amount);
        // convert erc20 to xERC20
        lockbox.deposit(_amount);
        // burn xERC20
        xERC20.burn(address(this), _amount);
        return bytes("");
    }

    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata /*metadata*/
    ) internal override {
        // mint xERC20
        xERC20.mint(address(this), _amount);
        // convert xERC20 to erc20
        lockbox.withdrawTo(_recipient, _amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {TokenRouter} from "./libs/TokenRouter.sol";

import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC20 Token Router that extends ERC20 with remote transfer functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 * @dev Supply on each chain is not constant but the aggregate supply across all chains is.
 */
contract HypERC20 is ERC20Upgradeable, TokenRouter {
    uint8 private immutable _decimals;

    constructor(uint8 __decimals, address _mailbox) TokenRouter(_mailbox) {
        _decimals = __decimals;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the Hyperlane router, ERC20 metadata, and mints initial supply to deployer.
     * @param _totalSupply The initial supply of the token.
     * @param _name The name of the token.
     * @param _symbol The symbol of the token.
     */
    function initialize(
        uint256 _totalSupply,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) external initializer {
        // Initialize ERC20 metadata
        __ERC20_init(_name, _symbol);
        _mint(msg.sender, _totalSupply);
        _MailboxClient_initialize(_hook, _interchainSecurityModule, _owner);
    }

    function decimals() public view override returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }

    function balanceOf(
        address _account
    )
        public
        view
        virtual
        override(TokenRouter, ERC20Upgradeable)
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return ERC20Upgradeable.balanceOf(_account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Burns `_amount` of token from `msg.sender` balance.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal override returns (bytes memory) {
        _burn(msg.sender, _amount);
        return bytes(""); // no metadata
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `_amount` of token to `_recipient` balance.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata // no metadata
    ) internal virtual override {
        _mint(_recipient, _amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {TokenRouter} from "./libs/TokenRouter.sol";
import {TokenMessage} from "./libs/TokenMessage.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "../client/MailboxClient.sol";

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC20 Token Collateral that wraps an existing ERC20 with remote transfer functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
contract HypERC20Collateral is TokenRouter {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    IERC20 public immutable wrappedToken;

    /**
     * @notice Constructor
     * @param erc20 Address of the token to keep as collateral
     */
    constructor(address erc20, address _mailbox) TokenRouter(_mailbox) {
        wrappedToken = IERC20(erc20);
    }

    function initialize(
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) public virtual initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(_hook, _interchainSecurityModule, _owner);
    }

    function balanceOf(
        address _account
    ) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return wrappedToken.balanceOf(_account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_amount` of `wrappedToken` from `msg.sender` to this contract.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal virtual override returns (bytes memory) {
        wrappedToken.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _amount);
        return bytes(""); // no metadata
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_amount` of `wrappedToken` from this contract to `_recipient`.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata // no metadata
    ) internal virtual override {
        wrappedToken.safeTransfer(_recipient, _amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {TokenRouter} from "./libs/TokenRouter.sol";

import {IERC721Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/IERC721Upgradeable.sol";
import {ERC721Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/ERC721Upgradeable.sol";
import {ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC721 Token Router that extends ERC721 with remote transfer functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
contract HypERC721 is ERC721EnumerableUpgradeable, TokenRouter {
    constructor(address _mailbox) TokenRouter(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the Hyperlane router, ERC721 metadata, and mints initial supply to deployer.
     * @param _mintAmount The amount of NFTs to mint to `msg.sender`.
     * @param _name The name of the token.
     * @param _symbol The symbol of the token.
     * @param _hook The post-dispatch hook contract.
       @param _interchainSecurityModule The interchain security module contract.
       @param _owner The this contract.
     */
    function initialize(
        uint256 _mintAmount,
        string memory _name,
        string memory _symbol,
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) external initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(_hook, _interchainSecurityModule, _owner);
        __ERC721_init(_name, _symbol);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _mintAmount; i++) {
            _safeMint(msg.sender, i);
        }
    }

    function balanceOf(
        address _account
    )
        public
        view
        virtual
        override(TokenRouter, ERC721Upgradeable, IERC721Upgradeable)
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return ERC721Upgradeable.balanceOf(_account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Asserts `msg.sender` is owner and burns `_tokenId`.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _tokenId
    ) internal virtual override returns (bytes memory) {
        require(ownerOf(_tokenId) == msg.sender, "!owner");
        _burn(_tokenId);
        return bytes(""); // no metadata
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `_tokenId` to `_recipient`.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata // no metadata
    ) internal virtual override {
        _safeMint(_recipient, _tokenId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {TokenRouter} from "./libs/TokenRouter.sol";
import {TokenMessage} from "./libs/TokenMessage.sol";

import {IERC721} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane ERC721 Token Collateral that wraps an existing ERC721 with remote transfer functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
contract HypERC721Collateral is TokenRouter {
    IERC721 public immutable wrappedToken;

    /**
     * @notice Constructor
     * @param erc721 Address of the token to keep as collateral
     */
    constructor(address erc721, address _mailbox) TokenRouter(_mailbox) {
        wrappedToken = IERC721(erc721);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the Hyperlane router
     * @param _hook The post-dispatch hook contract.
       @param _interchainSecurityModule The interchain security module contract.
       @param _owner The this contract.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) public virtual initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(_hook, _interchainSecurityModule, _owner);
    }

    function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address) {
        return IERC721(wrappedToken).ownerOf(_tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the balance of `_account` for `wrappedToken`.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function balanceOf(
        address _account
    ) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return IERC721(wrappedToken).balanceOf(_account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_tokenId` of `wrappedToken` from `msg.sender` to this contract.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _tokenId
    ) internal virtual override returns (bytes memory) {
        // safeTransferFrom not used here because recipient is this contract
        wrappedToken.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _tokenId);
        return bytes(""); // no metadata
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_tokenId` of `wrappedToken` from this contract to `_recipient`.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata // no metadata
    ) internal override {
        wrappedToken.safeTransferFrom(address(this), _recipient, _tokenId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {TokenRouter} from "./libs/TokenRouter.sol";
import {TokenMessage} from "./libs/TokenMessage.sol";
import {Address} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane Native Token Router that extends ERC20 with remote transfer functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 * @dev Supply on each chain is not constant but the aggregate supply across all chains is.
 */
contract HypNative is TokenRouter {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when native tokens are donated to the contract.
     * @param sender The address of the sender.
     * @param amount The amount of native tokens donated.
     */
    event Donation(address indexed sender, uint256 amount);

    constructor(address _mailbox) TokenRouter(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Initializes the Hyperlane router
     * @param _hook The post-dispatch hook contract.
       @param _interchainSecurityModule The interchain security module contract.
       @param _owner The this contract.
     */
    function initialize(
        address _hook,
        address _interchainSecurityModule,
        address _owner
    ) public initializer {
        _MailboxClient_initialize(_hook, _interchainSecurityModule, _owner);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     * @dev uses (`msg.value` - `_amount`) as interchain gas payment and `msg.sender` as refund address.
     */
    function transferRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _amount
    ) public payable virtual override returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        require(msg.value >= _amount, "Native: amount exceeds msg.value");
        uint256 gasPayment = msg.value - _amount;
        return
            _transferRemote(
                _destination,
                _recipient,
                _amount,
                gasPayment,
                bytes(""),
                address(0)
            );
    }

    function balanceOf(
        address _account
    ) external view override returns (uint256) {
        return _account.balance;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     * @dev No-op because native amount is transferred in `msg.value`
     * @dev Compiler will not include this in the bytecode.
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256
    ) internal pure override returns (bytes memory) {
        return bytes(""); // no metadata
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sends `_amount` of native token to `_recipient` balance.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes calldata // no metadata
    ) internal virtual override {
        Address.sendValue(payable(_recipient), _amount);
    }

    receive() external payable {
        emit Donation(msg.sender, msg.value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// adapted from https://github.com/circlefin/stablecoin-evm
import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

interface IFiatToken is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @notice Allows a minter to burn some of its own tokens.
     * @dev The caller must be a minter, must not be blacklisted, and the amount to burn
     * should be less than or equal to the account's balance.
     * @param _amount the amount of tokens to be burned.
     */
    function burn(uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Mints fiat tokens to an address.
     * @param _to The address that will receive the minted tokens.
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to mint. Must be less than or equal
     * to the minterAllowance of the caller.
     * @return True if the operation was successful.
     */
    function mint(address _to, uint256 _amount) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

// adapted from https://github.com/defi-wonderland/xERC20

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

interface IXERC20 is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @notice Mints tokens for a user
     * @dev Can only be called by a minter
     * @param _user The address of the user who needs tokens minted
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens being minted
     */
    function mint(address _user, uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Burns tokens for a user
     * @dev Can only be called by a minter
     * @param _user The address of the user who needs tokens burned
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens being burned
     */
    function burn(address _user, uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Updates the limits of any bridge
     * @dev Can only be called by the owner
     * @param _mintingLimit The updated minting limit we are setting to the bridge
     * @param _burningLimit The updated burning limit we are setting to the bridge
     * @param _bridge The address of the bridge we are setting the limits too
     */
    function setLimits(
        address _bridge,
        uint256 _mintingLimit,
        uint256 _burningLimit
    ) external;

    function owner() external returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity >=0.8.4 <0.9.0;

// adapted from https://github.com/defi-wonderland/xERC20

import {IXERC20} from "./IXERC20.sol";
import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

interface IXERC20Lockbox {
    /**
     * @notice The XERC20 token of this contract
     */
    function XERC20() external returns (IXERC20);

    /**
     * @notice The ERC20 token of this contract
     */
    function ERC20() external returns (IERC20);

    /**
     * @notice Deposit ERC20 tokens into the lockbox
     *
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to deposit
     */

    function deposit(uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Deposit ERC20 tokens into the lockbox, and send the XERC20 to a user
     *
     * @param _user The user to send the XERC20 to
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to deposit
     */

    function depositTo(address _user, uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Deposit the native asset into the lockbox, and send the XERC20 to a user
     *
     * @param _user The user to send the XERC20 to
     */

    function depositNativeTo(address _user) external payable;

    /**
     * @notice Withdraw ERC20 tokens from the lockbox
     *
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
     */

    function withdraw(uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Withdraw ERC20 tokens from the lockbox
     *
     * @param _user The user to withdraw to
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
     */

    function withdrawTo(address _user, uint256 _amount) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";

import {TokenMessage} from "./TokenMessage.sol";
import {TokenRouter} from "./TokenRouter.sol";

/**
 * @title Common FastTokenRouter functionality for ERC20 Tokens with remote transfer support.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
abstract contract FastTokenRouter is TokenRouter {
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;
    using TokenMessage for bytes;

    uint256 public fastTransferId;
    // maps `fastTransferId` to the filler address.
    mapping(bytes32 => address) filledFastTransfers;

    /**
     * @dev delegates transfer logic to `_transferTo`.
     * @inheritdoc TokenRouter
     */
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal virtual override {
        bytes32 recipient = _message.recipient();
        uint256 amount = _message.amount();
        bytes calldata metadata = _message.metadata();
        _transferTo(recipient.bytes32ToAddress(), amount, _origin, metadata);
        emit ReceivedTransferRemote(_origin, recipient, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_amount` of token to `_recipient`/`fastFiller` who provided LP.
     * @dev Called by `handle` after message decoding.
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal virtual {
        address _tokenRecipient = _getTokenRecipient(
            _recipient,
            _amount,
            _origin,
            _metadata
        );

        _fastTransferTo(_tokenRecipient, _amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev allows an external user to full an unfilled fast transfer order.
     * @param _recipient The recipient of the wrapped token on base chain.
     * @param _amount The amount of wrapped tokens that is being bridged.
     * @param _fastFee The fee the bridging entity will pay.
     * @param _fastTransferId Id assigned on the remote chain to uniquely identify the transfer.
     */
    function fillFastTransfer(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _fastFee,
        uint32 _origin,
        uint256 _fastTransferId
    ) external virtual {
        bytes32 filledFastTransfersKey = _getFastTransfersKey(
            _origin,
            _fastTransferId,
            _amount,
            _fastFee,
            _recipient
        );
        require(
            filledFastTransfers[filledFastTransfersKey] == address(0),
            "request already filled"
        );

        filledFastTransfers[filledFastTransfersKey] = msg.sender;

        _fastRecieveFrom(msg.sender, _amount - _fastFee);
        _fastTransferTo(_recipient, _amount - _fastFee);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `_amountOrId` token to `_recipient` on `_destination` domain.
     * @dev Delegates transfer logic to `_fastTransferFromSender` implementation.
     * @dev Emits `SentTransferRemote` event on the origin chain.
     * @param _destination The identifier of the destination chain.
     * @param _recipient The address of the recipient on the destination chain.
     * @param _amountOrId The amount or identifier of tokens to be sent to the remote recipient.
     * @return messageId The identifier of the dispatched message.
     */
    function fastTransferRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _amountOrId,
        uint256 _fastFee
    ) public payable virtual returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        uint256 _fastTransferId = fastTransferId + 1;
        fastTransferId = _fastTransferId;
        bytes memory metadata = _fastTransferFromSender(
            _amountOrId,
            _fastFee,
            _fastTransferId
        );

        messageId = _dispatch(
            _destination,
            TokenMessage.format(_recipient, _amountOrId, metadata)
        );
        emit SentTransferRemote(_destination, _recipient, _amountOrId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Burns `_amount` of token from `msg.sender` balance.
     * @dev Pays `_fastFee` of tokens to LP on source chain.
     * @dev Returns `fastFee` as bytes in the form of metadata.
     */
    function _fastTransferFromSender(
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _fastFee,
        uint256 _fastTransferId
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes memory) {
        _fastRecieveFrom(msg.sender, _amount);
        return abi.encode(_fastFee, _fastTransferId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev returns an address that indicates who should receive the bridged tokens.
     * @dev if _fastFees was included and someone filled the order before the mailbox made the contract call, the filler gets the funds.
     */
    function _getTokenRecipient(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) internal view returns (address) {
        if (_metadata.length == 0) {
            return _recipient;
        }

        // decode metadata to extract `_fastFee` and `_fastTransferId`.
        (uint256 _fastFee, uint256 _fastTransferId) = abi.decode(
            _metadata,
            (uint256, uint256)
        );

        address _fillerAddress = filledFastTransfers[
            _getFastTransfersKey(
                _origin,
                _fastTransferId,
                _amount,
                _fastFee,
                _recipient
            )
        ];
        if (_fillerAddress != address(0)) {
            return _fillerAddress;
        }

        return _recipient;
    }

    /**
     * @dev generates the key for storing the filler address of fast transfers.
     */
    function _getFastTransfersKey(
        uint32 _origin,
        uint256 _fastTransferId,
        uint256 _amount,
        uint256 _fastFee,
        address _recipient
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(
                    _origin,
                    _fastTransferId,
                    _amount,
                    _fastFee,
                    _recipient
                )
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Should transfer `_amount` of tokens to `_recipient`.
     * @dev The implementation is delegated.
     */
    function _fastTransferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @dev Should collect `amount` of tokens from `_sender`.
     * @dev The implementation is delegated.
     */
    function _fastRecieveFrom(
        address _sender,
        uint256 _amount
    ) internal virtual;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

library TokenMessage {
    function format(
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _amount,
        bytes memory _metadata
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encodePacked(_recipient, _amount, _metadata);
    }

    function recipient(bytes calldata message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(message[0:32]);
    }

    function amount(bytes calldata message) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(bytes32(message[32:64]));
    }

    // alias for ERC721
    function tokenId(bytes calldata message) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return amount(message);
    }

    function metadata(
        bytes calldata message
    ) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        return message[64:];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import {IPostDispatchHook} from "../../interfaces/hooks/IPostDispatchHook.sol";
import {GasRouter} from "../../client/GasRouter.sol";
import {MailboxClient} from "../../client/MailboxClient.sol";
import {TypeCasts} from "../../libs/TypeCasts.sol";
import {TokenMessage} from "./TokenMessage.sol";

/**
 * @title Hyperlane Token Router that extends Router with abstract token (ERC20/ERC721) remote transfer functionality.
 * @author Abacus Works
 */
abstract contract TokenRouter is GasRouter {
    using TypeCasts for bytes32;
    using TypeCasts for address;
    using TokenMessage for bytes;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted on `transferRemote` when a transfer message is dispatched.
     * @param destination The identifier of the destination chain.
     * @param recipient The address of the recipient on the destination chain.
     * @param amount The amount of tokens burnt on the origin chain.
     */
    event SentTransferRemote(
        uint32 indexed destination,
        bytes32 indexed recipient,
        uint256 amount
    );

    /**
     * @dev Emitted on `_handle` when a transfer message is processed.
     * @param origin The identifier of the origin chain.
     * @param recipient The address of the recipient on the destination chain.
     * @param amount The amount of tokens minted on the destination chain.
     */
    event ReceivedTransferRemote(
        uint32 indexed origin,
        bytes32 indexed recipient,
        uint256 amount
    );

    constructor(address _mailbox) GasRouter(_mailbox) {}

    /**
     * @notice Transfers `_amountOrId` token to `_recipient` on `_destination` domain.
     * @dev Delegates transfer logic to `_transferFromSender` implementation.
     * @dev Emits `SentTransferRemote` event on the origin chain.
     * @param _destination The identifier of the destination chain.
     * @param _recipient The address of the recipient on the destination chain.
     * @param _amountOrId The amount or identifier of tokens to be sent to the remote recipient.
     * @return messageId The identifier of the dispatched message.
     */
    function transferRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _amountOrId
    ) external payable virtual returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        return
            _transferRemote(
                _destination,
                _recipient,
                _amountOrId,
                msg.value,
                bytes(""),
                address(0)
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Transfers `_amountOrId` token to `_recipient` on `_destination` domain with a specified hook
     * @dev Delegates transfer logic to `_transferFromSender` implementation.
     * @dev The metadata is the token metadata, and is DIFFERENT than the hook metadata.
     * @dev Emits `SentTransferRemote` event on the origin chain.
     * @param _destination The identifier of the destination chain.
     * @param _recipient The address of the recipient on the destination chain.
     * @param _amountOrId The amount or identifier of tokens to be sent to the remote recipient.
     * @param _hookMetadata The metadata passed into the hook
     * @param _hook The post dispatch hook to be called by the Mailbox
     * @return messageId The identifier of the dispatched message.
     */
    function transferRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _amountOrId,
        bytes calldata _hookMetadata,
        address _hook
    ) external payable virtual returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        return
            _transferRemote(
                _destination,
                _recipient,
                _amountOrId,
                msg.value,
                _hookMetadata,
                _hook
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Transfers `_amountOrId` token to `_recipient` on `_destination` domain.
     * @dev Delegates transfer logic to `_transferFromSender` implementation.
     * @dev The metadata is the token metadata, and is DIFFERENT than the hook metadata.
     * @dev Emits `SentTransferRemote` event on the origin chain.
     * @param _destination The identifier of the destination chain.
     * @param _recipient The address of the recipient on the destination chain.
     * @param _amountOrId The amount or identifier of tokens to be sent to the remote recipient.
     * @param _gasPayment The amount of native token to pay for interchain gas.
     * @param _hookMetadata The metadata passed into the hook
     * @param _hook The post dispatch hook to be called by the Mailbox
     * @return messageId The identifier of the dispatched message.
     */
    function _transferRemote(
        uint32 _destination,
        bytes32 _recipient,
        uint256 _amountOrId,
        uint256 _gasPayment,
        bytes memory _hookMetadata,
        address _hook
    ) internal returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        bytes memory metadata = _transferFromSender(_amountOrId);

        if (address(_hook) == address(0)) {
            messageId = _dispatch(
                _destination,
                _gasPayment,
                TokenMessage.format(_recipient, _amountOrId, metadata)
            );
        } else {
            messageId = _dispatch(
                _destination,
                _recipient,
                _gasPayment,
                TokenMessage.format(_recipient, _amountOrId, metadata),
                _hookMetadata,
                IPostDispatchHook(_hook)
            );
        }

        emit SentTransferRemote(_destination, _recipient, _amountOrId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Should transfer `_amountOrId` of tokens from `msg.sender` to this token router.
     * @dev Called by `transferRemote` before message dispatch.
     * @dev Optionally returns `metadata` associated with the transfer to be passed in message.
     */
    function _transferFromSender(
        uint256 _amountOrId
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes memory metadata);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the balance of `account` on this token router.
     * @param account The address to query the balance of.
     * @return The balance of `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external virtual returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Mints tokens to recipient when router receives transfer message.
     * @dev Emits `ReceivedTransferRemote` event on the destination chain.
     * @param _origin The identifier of the origin chain.
     * @param _message The encoded remote transfer message containing the recipient address and amount.
     */
    function _handle(
        uint32 _origin,
        bytes32,
        bytes calldata _message
    ) internal virtual override {
        bytes32 recipient = _message.recipient();
        uint256 amount = _message.amount();
        bytes calldata metadata = _message.metadata();
        _transferTo(recipient.bytes32ToAddress(), amount, metadata);
        emit ReceivedTransferRemote(_origin, recipient, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Should transfer `_amountOrId` of tokens from this token router to `_recipient`.
     * @dev Called by `handle` after message decoding.
     * @dev Optionally handles `metadata` associated with transfer passed in message.
     */
    function _transferTo(
        address _recipient,
        uint256 _amountOrId,
        bytes calldata metadata
    ) internal virtual;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/transparent/ProxyAdmin.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/transparent/ProxyAdmin.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (governance/TimelockController.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/governance/TimelockController.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/transparent/TransparentUpgradeableProxy.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
pragma solidity >=0.6.11;

/**
 * @title Versioned
 * @notice Version getter for contracts
 **/
contract Versioned {
    uint8 public constant VERSION = 3;
}

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { RLPReader } from "./RLPReader.sol";

library ExitPayloadReader {
  using RLPReader for bytes;
  using RLPReader for RLPReader.RLPItem;

  uint8 constant WORD_SIZE = 32;

  struct ExitPayload {
    RLPReader.RLPItem[] data;
  }

  struct Receipt {
    RLPReader.RLPItem[] data;
    bytes raw;
    uint256 logIndex;
  }

  struct Log {
    RLPReader.RLPItem data;
    RLPReader.RLPItem[] list;
  }

  struct LogTopics {
    RLPReader.RLPItem[] data;
  }

  // copy paste of private copy() from RLPReader to avoid changing of existing contracts
  function copy(uint src, uint dest, uint len) private pure {
        if (len == 0) return;

        // copy as many word sizes as possible
        for (; len >= WORD_SIZE; len -= WORD_SIZE) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }

            src += WORD_SIZE;
            dest += WORD_SIZE;
        }

        // left over bytes. Mask is used to remove unwanted bytes from the word
        uint mask = 256 ** (WORD_SIZE - len) - 1;
        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask)) // zero out src
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask) // retrieve the bytes
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }

  function toExitPayload(bytes memory data)
        internal
        pure
        returns (ExitPayload memory)
    {
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory payloadData = data
            .toRlpItem()
            .toList();

        return ExitPayload(payloadData);
    }

    function getHeaderNumber(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(uint256) {
      return payload.data[0].toUint();
    }

    function getBlockProof(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
      return payload.data[1].toBytes();
    }

    function getBlockNumber(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(uint256) {
      return payload.data[2].toUint();
    }

    function getBlockTime(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(uint256) {
      return payload.data[3].toUint();
    }

    function getTxRoot(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(bytes32) {
      return bytes32(payload.data[4].toUint());
    }

    function getReceiptRoot(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(bytes32) {
      return bytes32(payload.data[5].toUint());
    }

    function getReceipt(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(Receipt memory receipt) {
      receipt.raw = payload.data[6].toBytes();
      RLPReader.RLPItem memory receiptItem = receipt.raw.toRlpItem();

      if (receiptItem.isList()) {
          // legacy tx
          receipt.data = receiptItem.toList();
      } else {
          // pop first byte before parsting receipt
          bytes memory typedBytes = receipt.raw;
          bytes memory result = new bytes(typedBytes.length - 1);
          uint256 srcPtr;
          uint256 destPtr;
          assembly {
              srcPtr := add(33, typedBytes)
              destPtr := add(0x20, result)
          }

          copy(srcPtr, destPtr, result.length);
          receipt.data = result.toRlpItem().toList();
      }

      receipt.logIndex = getReceiptLogIndex(payload);
      return receipt;
    }

    function getReceiptProof(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
      return payload.data[7].toBytes();
    }

    function getBranchMaskAsBytes(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
      return payload.data[8].toBytes();
    }

    function getBranchMaskAsUint(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(uint256) {
      return payload.data[8].toUint();
    }

    function getReceiptLogIndex(ExitPayload memory payload) internal pure returns(uint256) {
      return payload.data[9].toUint();
    }
    
    // Receipt methods
    function toBytes(Receipt memory receipt) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
        return receipt.raw;
    }

    function getLog(Receipt memory receipt) internal pure returns(Log memory) {
        RLPReader.RLPItem memory logData = receipt.data[3].toList()[receipt.logIndex];
        return Log(logData, logData.toList());
    }

    // Log methods
    function getEmitter(Log memory log) internal pure returns(address) {
      return RLPReader.toAddress(log.list[0]);
    }

    function getTopics(Log memory log) internal pure returns(LogTopics memory) {
        return LogTopics(log.list[1].toList());
    }

    function getData(Log memory log) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
        return log.list[2].toBytes();
    }

    function toRlpBytes(Log memory log) internal pure returns(bytes memory) {
      return log.data.toRlpBytes();
    }

    // LogTopics methods
    function getField(LogTopics memory topics, uint256 index) internal pure returns(RLPReader.RLPItem memory) {
      return topics.data[index];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library Merkle {
    function checkMembership(
        bytes32 leaf,
        uint256 index,
        bytes32 rootHash,
        bytes memory proof
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        require(proof.length % 32 == 0, "Invalid proof length");
        uint256 proofHeight = proof.length / 32;
        // Proof of size n means, height of the tree is n+1.
        // In a tree of height n+1, max #leafs possible is 2 ^ n
        require(index < 2 ** proofHeight, "Leaf index is too big");

        bytes32 proofElement;
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 32; i <= proof.length; i += 32) {
            assembly {
                proofElement := mload(add(proof, i))
            }

            if (index % 2 == 0) {
                computedHash = keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(computedHash, proofElement)
                );
            } else {
                computedHash = keccak256(
                    abi.encodePacked(proofElement, computedHash)
                );
            }

            index = index / 2;
        }
        return computedHash == rootHash;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {RLPReader} from "./RLPReader.sol";

library MerklePatriciaProof {
    /*
     * @dev Verifies a merkle patricia proof.
     * @param value The terminating value in the trie.
     * @param encodedPath The path in the trie leading to value.
     * @param rlpParentNodes The rlp encoded stack of nodes.
     * @param root The root hash of the trie.
     * @return The boolean validity of the proof.
     */
    function verify(
        bytes memory value,
        bytes memory encodedPath,
        bytes memory rlpParentNodes,
        bytes32 root
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        RLPReader.RLPItem memory item = RLPReader.toRlpItem(rlpParentNodes);
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory parentNodes = RLPReader.toList(item);

        bytes memory currentNode;
        RLPReader.RLPItem[] memory currentNodeList;

        bytes32 nodeKey = root;
        uint256 pathPtr = 0;

        bytes memory path = _getNibbleArray(encodedPath);
        if (path.length == 0) {
            return false;
        }

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < parentNodes.length; i++) {
            if (pathPtr > path.length) {
                return false;
            }

            currentNode = RLPReader.toRlpBytes(parentNodes[i]);
            if (nodeKey != keccak256(currentNode)) {
                return false;
            }
            currentNodeList = RLPReader.toList(parentNodes[i]);

            if (currentNodeList.length == 17) {
                if (pathPtr == path.length) {
                    if (
                        keccak256(RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[16])) ==
                        keccak256(value)
                    ) {
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                uint8 nextPathNibble = uint8(path[pathPtr]);
                if (nextPathNibble > 16) {
                    return false;
                }
                nodeKey = bytes32(
                    RLPReader.toUintStrict(currentNodeList[nextPathNibble])
                );
                pathPtr += 1;
            } else if (currentNodeList.length == 2) {
                uint256 traversed = _nibblesToTraverse(
                    RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[0]),
                    path,
                    pathPtr
                );
                if (pathPtr + traversed == path.length) {
                    //leaf node
                    if (
                        keccak256(RLPReader.toBytes(currentNodeList[1])) ==
                        keccak256(value)
                    ) {
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                //extension node
                if (traversed == 0) {
                    return false;
                }

                pathPtr += traversed;
                nodeKey = bytes32(RLPReader.toUintStrict(currentNodeList[1]));
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    function _nibblesToTraverse(
        bytes memory encodedPartialPath,
        bytes memory path,
        uint256 pathPtr
    ) private pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 len = 0;
        // encodedPartialPath has elements that are each two hex characters (1 byte), but partialPath
        // and slicedPath have elements that are each one hex character (1 nibble)
        bytes memory partialPath = _getNibbleArray(encodedPartialPath);
        bytes memory slicedPath = new bytes(partialPath.length);

        // pathPtr counts nibbles in path
        // partialPath.length is a number of nibbles
        for (uint256 i = pathPtr; i < pathPtr + partialPath.length; i++) {
            bytes1 pathNibble = path[i];
            slicedPath[i - pathPtr] = pathNibble;
        }

        if (keccak256(partialPath) == keccak256(slicedPath)) {
            len = partialPath.length;
        } else {
            len = 0;
        }
        return len;
    }

    // bytes b must be hp encoded
    function _getNibbleArray(bytes memory b)
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        bytes memory nibbles = "";
        if (b.length > 0) {
            uint8 offset;
            uint8 hpNibble = uint8(_getNthNibbleOfBytes(0, b));
            if (hpNibble == 1 || hpNibble == 3) {
                nibbles = new bytes(b.length * 2 - 1);
                bytes1 oddNibble = _getNthNibbleOfBytes(1, b);
                nibbles[0] = oddNibble;
                offset = 1;
            } else {
                nibbles = new bytes(b.length * 2 - 2);
                offset = 0;
            }

            for (uint256 i = offset; i < nibbles.length; i++) {
                nibbles[i] = _getNthNibbleOfBytes(i - offset + 2, b);
            }
        }
        return nibbles;
    }

    function _getNthNibbleOfBytes(uint256 n, bytes memory str)
        private
        pure
        returns (bytes1)
    {
        return
            bytes1(
                n % 2 == 0 ? uint8(str[n / 2]) / 0x10 : uint8(str[n / 2]) % 0x10
            );
    }
}

/*
* @author Hamdi Allam [email protected]
* Please reach out with any questions or concerns
*/
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library RLPReader {
    uint8 constant STRING_SHORT_START = 0x80;
    uint8 constant STRING_LONG_START  = 0xb8;
    uint8 constant LIST_SHORT_START   = 0xc0;
    uint8 constant LIST_LONG_START    = 0xf8;
    uint8 constant WORD_SIZE = 32;

    struct RLPItem {
        uint len;
        uint memPtr;
    }

    struct Iterator {
        RLPItem item;   // Item that's being iterated over.
        uint nextPtr;   // Position of the next item in the list.
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns the next element in the iteration. Reverts if it has not next element.
    * @param self The iterator.
    * @return The next element in the iteration.
    */
    function next(Iterator memory self) internal pure returns (RLPItem memory) {
        require(hasNext(self));

        uint ptr = self.nextPtr;
        uint itemLength = _itemLength(ptr);
        self.nextPtr = ptr + itemLength;

        return RLPItem(itemLength, ptr);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Returns true if the iteration has more elements.
    * @param self The iterator.
    * @return true if the iteration has more elements.
    */
    function hasNext(Iterator memory self) internal pure returns (bool) {
        RLPItem memory item = self.item;
        return self.nextPtr < item.memPtr + item.len;
    }

    /*
    * @param item RLP encoded bytes
    */
    function toRlpItem(bytes memory item) internal pure returns (RLPItem memory) {
        uint memPtr;
        assembly {
            memPtr := add(item, 0x20)
        }

        return RLPItem(item.length, memPtr);
    }

    /*
    * @dev Create an iterator. Reverts if item is not a list.
    * @param self The RLP item.
    * @return An 'Iterator' over the item.
    */
    function iterator(RLPItem memory self) internal pure returns (Iterator memory) {
        require(isList(self));

        uint ptr = self.memPtr + _payloadOffset(self.memPtr);
        return Iterator(self, ptr);
    }

    /*
    * @param item RLP encoded bytes
    */
    function rlpLen(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return item.len;
    }

    /*
    * @param item RLP encoded bytes
    */
    function payloadLen(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint) {
        return item.len - _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
    }

    /*
    * @param item RLP encoded list in bytes
    */
    function toList(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (RLPItem[] memory) {
        require(isList(item));

        uint items = numItems(item);
        RLPItem[] memory result = new RLPItem[](items);

        uint memPtr = item.memPtr + _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint dataLen;
        for (uint i = 0; i < items; i++) {
            dataLen = _itemLength(memPtr);
            result[i] = RLPItem(dataLen, memPtr); 
            memPtr = memPtr + dataLen;
        }

        return result;
    }

    // @return indicator whether encoded payload is a list. negate this function call for isData.
    function isList(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bool) {
        if (item.len == 0) return false;

        uint8 byte0;
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START)
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    /*
     * @dev A cheaper version of keccak256(toRlpBytes(item)) that avoids copying memory.
     * @return keccak256 hash of RLP encoded bytes.
     */
    function rlpBytesKeccak256(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        uint256 ptr = item.memPtr;
        uint256 len = item.len;
        bytes32 result;
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(ptr, len)
        }
        return result;
    }

    function payloadLocation(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint, uint) {
        uint offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr + offset;
        uint len = item.len - offset; // data length
        return (memPtr, len);
    }

    /*
     * @dev A cheaper version of keccak256(toBytes(item)) that avoids copying memory.
     * @return keccak256 hash of the item payload.
     */
    function payloadKeccak256(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        (uint memPtr, uint len) = payloadLocation(item);
        bytes32 result;
        assembly {
            result := keccak256(memPtr, len)
        }
        return result;
    }

    /** RLPItem conversions into data types **/

    // @returns raw rlp encoding in bytes
    function toRlpBytes(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory result = new bytes(item.len);
        if (result.length == 0) return result;
        
        uint ptr;
        assembly {
            ptr := add(0x20, result)
        }

        copy(item.memPtr, ptr, item.len);
        return result;
    }

    // any non-zero byte is considered true
    function toBoolean(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bool) {
        require(item.len == 1);
        uint result;
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr;
        assembly {
            result := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        return result == 0 ? false : true;
    }

    function toAddress(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (address) {
        // 1 byte for the length prefix
        require(item.len == 21);

        return address(uint160(toUint(item)));
    }

    function toUint(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint) {
        require(item.len > 0 && item.len <= 33);

        uint offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint len = item.len - offset;

        uint result;
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr + offset;
        assembly {
            result := mload(memPtr)

            // shfit to the correct location if neccesary
            if lt(len, 32) {
                result := div(result, exp(256, sub(32, len)))
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    // enforces 32 byte length
    function toUintStrict(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (uint) {
        // one byte prefix
        require(item.len == 33);

        uint result;
        uint memPtr = item.memPtr + 1;
        assembly {
            result := mload(memPtr)
        }

        return result;
    }

    function toBytes(RLPItem memory item) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        require(item.len > 0);

        uint offset = _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint len = item.len - offset; // data length
        bytes memory result = new bytes(len);

        uint destPtr;
        assembly {
            destPtr := add(0x20, result)
        }

        copy(item.memPtr + offset, destPtr, len);
        return result;
    }

    /*
    * Private Helpers
    */

    // @return number of payload items inside an encoded list.
    function numItems(RLPItem memory item) private pure returns (uint) {
        if (item.len == 0) return 0;

        uint count = 0;
        uint currPtr = item.memPtr + _payloadOffset(item.memPtr);
        uint endPtr = item.memPtr + item.len;
        while (currPtr < endPtr) {
           currPtr = currPtr + _itemLength(currPtr); // skip over an item
           count++;
        }

        return count;
    }

    // @return entire rlp item byte length
    function _itemLength(uint memPtr) private pure returns (uint) {
        uint itemLen;
        uint byte0;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < STRING_SHORT_START)
            itemLen = 1;
        
        else if (byte0 < STRING_LONG_START)
            itemLen = byte0 - STRING_SHORT_START + 1;

        else if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START) {
            assembly {
                let byteLen := sub(byte0, 0xb7) // # of bytes the actual length is
                memPtr := add(memPtr, 1) // skip over the first byte
                /* 32 byte word size */
                let dataLen := div(mload(memPtr), exp(256, sub(32, byteLen))) // right shifting to get the len
                itemLen := add(dataLen, add(byteLen, 1))
            }
        }

        else if (byte0 < LIST_LONG_START) {
            itemLen = byte0 - LIST_SHORT_START + 1;
        } 

        else {
            assembly {
                let byteLen := sub(byte0, 0xf7)
                memPtr := add(memPtr, 1)

                let dataLen := div(mload(memPtr), exp(256, sub(32, byteLen))) // right shifting to the correct length
                itemLen := add(dataLen, add(byteLen, 1))
            }
        }

        return itemLen;
    }

    // @return number of bytes until the data
    function _payloadOffset(uint memPtr) private pure returns (uint) {
        uint byte0;
        assembly {
            byte0 := byte(0, mload(memPtr))
        }

        if (byte0 < STRING_SHORT_START) 
            return 0;
        else if (byte0 < STRING_LONG_START || (byte0 >= LIST_SHORT_START && byte0 < LIST_LONG_START))
            return 1;
        else if (byte0 < LIST_SHORT_START)  // being explicit
            return byte0 - (STRING_LONG_START - 1) + 1;
        else
            return byte0 - (LIST_LONG_START - 1) + 1;
    }

    /*
    * @param src Pointer to source
    * @param dest Pointer to destination
    * @param len Amount of memory to copy from the source
    */
    function copy(uint src, uint dest, uint len) private pure {
        if (len == 0) return;

        // copy as many word sizes as possible
        for (; len >= WORD_SIZE; len -= WORD_SIZE) {
            assembly {
                mstore(dest, mload(src))
            }

            src += WORD_SIZE;
            dest += WORD_SIZE;
        }

        if (len == 0) return;

        // left over bytes. Mask is used to remove unwanted bytes from the word
        uint mask = 256 ** (WORD_SIZE - len) - 1;

        assembly {
            let srcpart := and(mload(src), not(mask)) // zero out src
            let destpart := and(mload(dest), mask) // retrieve the bytes
            mstore(dest, or(destpart, srcpart))
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;


import {RLPReader} from "../lib/RLPReader.sol";
import {MerklePatriciaProof} from "../lib/MerklePatriciaProof.sol";
import {Merkle} from "../lib/Merkle.sol";
import "../lib/ExitPayloadReader.sol";


interface IFxStateSender {
    function sendMessageToChild(address _receiver, bytes calldata _data) external;
}

contract ICheckpointManager {
    struct HeaderBlock {
        bytes32 root;
        uint256 start;
        uint256 end;
        uint256 createdAt;
        address proposer;
    }

    /**
     * @notice mapping of checkpoint header numbers to block details
     * @dev These checkpoints are submited by plasma contracts
     */
    mapping(uint256 => HeaderBlock) public headerBlocks;
}

abstract contract FxBaseRootTunnel {
    using RLPReader for RLPReader.RLPItem;
    using Merkle for bytes32;
    using ExitPayloadReader for bytes;
    using ExitPayloadReader for ExitPayloadReader.ExitPayload;
    using ExitPayloadReader for ExitPayloadReader.Log;
    using ExitPayloadReader for ExitPayloadReader.LogTopics;
    using ExitPayloadReader for ExitPayloadReader.Receipt;

    // keccak256(MessageSent(bytes))
    bytes32 public constant SEND_MESSAGE_EVENT_SIG = 0x8c5261668696ce22758910d05bab8f186d6eb247ceac2af2e82c7dc17669b036;

    // state sender contract
    IFxStateSender public fxRoot;
    // root chain manager
    ICheckpointManager public checkpointManager;
    // child tunnel contract which receives and sends messages 
    address public fxChildTunnel;

    // storage to avoid duplicate exits
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public processedExits;

    constructor(address _checkpointManager, address _fxRoot) {
        checkpointManager = ICheckpointManager(_checkpointManager);
        fxRoot = IFxStateSender(_fxRoot);
    }

    // set fxChildTunnel if not set already
    function setFxChildTunnel(address _fxChildTunnel) public {
        require(fxChildTunnel == address(0x0), "FxBaseRootTunnel: CHILD_TUNNEL_ALREADY_SET");
        fxChildTunnel = _fxChildTunnel;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Send bytes message to Child Tunnel
     * @param message bytes message that will be sent to Child Tunnel
     * some message examples -
     *   abi.encode(tokenId);
     *   abi.encode(tokenId, tokenMetadata);
     *   abi.encode(messageType, messageData);
     */
    function _sendMessageToChild(bytes memory message) internal {
        fxRoot.sendMessageToChild(fxChildTunnel, message);
    }

    function _validateAndExtractMessage(bytes memory inputData) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        ExitPayloadReader.ExitPayload memory payload = inputData.toExitPayload();

        bytes memory branchMaskBytes = payload.getBranchMaskAsBytes();
        uint256 blockNumber = payload.getBlockNumber();
        // checking if exit has already been processed
        // unique exit is identified using hash of (blockNumber, branchMask, receiptLogIndex)
        bytes32 exitHash = keccak256(
            abi.encodePacked(
                blockNumber,
                // first 2 nibbles are dropped while generating nibble array
                // this allows branch masks that are valid but bypass exitHash check (changing first 2 nibbles only)
                // so converting to nibble array and then hashing it
                MerklePatriciaProof._getNibbleArray(branchMaskBytes),
                payload.getReceiptLogIndex()
            )
        );
        require(
            processedExits[exitHash] == false,
            "FxRootTunnel: EXIT_ALREADY_PROCESSED"
        );
        processedExits[exitHash] = true;

        ExitPayloadReader.Receipt memory receipt = payload.getReceipt();
        ExitPayloadReader.Log memory log = receipt.getLog();

        // check child tunnel
        require(fxChildTunnel == log.getEmitter(), "FxRootTunnel: INVALID_FX_CHILD_TUNNEL");

        bytes32 receiptRoot = payload.getReceiptRoot();
        // verify receipt inclusion
        require(
            MerklePatriciaProof.verify(
                receipt.toBytes(), 
                branchMaskBytes, 
                payload.getReceiptProof(), 
                receiptRoot
            ),
            "FxRootTunnel: INVALID_RECEIPT_PROOF"
        );

        // verify checkpoint inclusion
        _checkBlockMembershipInCheckpoint(
            blockNumber,
            payload.getBlockTime(),
            payload.getTxRoot(),
            receiptRoot,
            payload.getHeaderNumber(),
            payload.getBlockProof()
        );

        ExitPayloadReader.LogTopics memory topics = log.getTopics();

        require(
            bytes32(topics.getField(0).toUint()) == SEND_MESSAGE_EVENT_SIG, // topic0 is event sig
            "FxRootTunnel: INVALID_SIGNATURE"
        );

        // received message data
        (bytes memory message) = abi.decode(log.getData(), (bytes)); // event decodes params again, so decoding bytes to get message
        return message;
    }

    function _checkBlockMembershipInCheckpoint(
        uint256 blockNumber,
        uint256 blockTime,
        bytes32 txRoot,
        bytes32 receiptRoot,
        uint256 headerNumber,
        bytes memory blockProof
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        (
            bytes32 headerRoot,
            uint256 startBlock,
            ,
            uint256 createdAt,

        ) = checkpointManager.headerBlocks(headerNumber);

        require(
            keccak256(
                abi.encodePacked(blockNumber, blockTime, txRoot, receiptRoot)
            )
                .checkMembership(
                blockNumber-startBlock,
                headerRoot,
                blockProof
            ),
            "FxRootTunnel: INVALID_HEADER"
        );
        return createdAt;
    }

    /**
     * @notice receive message from  L2 to L1, validated by proof
     * @dev This function verifies if the transaction actually happened on child chain
     *
     * @param inputData RLP encoded data of the reference tx containing following list of fields
     *  0 - headerNumber - Checkpoint header block number containing the reference tx
     *  1 - blockProof - Proof that the block header (in the child chain) is a leaf in the submitted merkle root
     *  2 - blockNumber - Block number containing the reference tx on child chain
     *  3 - blockTime - Reference tx block time
     *  4 - txRoot - Transactions root of block
     *  5 - receiptRoot - Receipts root of block
     *  6 - receipt - Receipt of the reference transaction
     *  7 - receiptProof - Merkle proof of the reference receipt
     *  8 - branchMask - 32 bits denoting the path of receipt in merkle tree
     *  9 - receiptLogIndex - Log Index to read from the receipt
     */
    function receiveMessage(bytes memory inputData) public virtual {
        bytes memory message = _validateAndExtractMessage(inputData);
        _processMessageFromChild(message);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Process message received from Child Tunnel
     * @dev function needs to be implemented to handle message as per requirement
     * This is called by onStateReceive function.
     * Since it is called via a system call, any event will not be emitted during its execution.
     * @param message bytes message that was sent from Child Tunnel
     */
    function _processMessageFromChild(bytes memory message) virtual internal;
}

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